{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T14:43:44Z","timestamp":1794408224846,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10312-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T01:19:53Z","timestamp":1648516793000},"page":"433-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Fecal microbiota transplantation in alcohol-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure: an open-label clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03827772","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Anima","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akash","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhumita","family":"Premkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nipun","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Duseja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Taneja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4107-8512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radha K.","family":"Dhiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"10312_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.09.002","volume":"141","author":"B Gao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gao B, Bataller R. Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets. Gastroenterology 2011;141:1572\u20131585","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10312_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2016.02.007","volume":"20","author":"PM Gholam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gholam PM. Prognosis and prognostic scoring models for alcoholic liver disease and acute alcoholic hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2016;20:491\u2013497","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10312_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1412278","volume":"372","author":"MR Thursz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thursz MR, Richardson P, Allison M, Austin A, Bowers M, Day CP, et al. Prednisolone or pentoxifylline for alcoholic hepatitis. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1619\u20131628","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10312_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105703","volume":"365","author":"P Mathurin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mathurin P, Moreno C, Samuel D, Dumortier J, Salleron J, Durand F, et al. Early liver transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1790\u20131800","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10312_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13568","volume":"513","author":"N Qin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qin N, Yang F, Li A, Prifti E, Chen Y, Shao L, et al. Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis. Nature 2014;513:59\u201364","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10312_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53028","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053028","volume":"8","author":"L Bull-Otterson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bull-Otterson L, Feng W, Kirpich I, Wang Y, Qin X, Liu Y, et al. Metagenomic analyses of alcohol induced pathogenic alterations in the intestinal microbiome and the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG treatment. PLoS ONE 2013;8(1):e53028","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10312_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.019","volume":"60","author":"JS Bajaj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bajaj JS, Heuman DM, Hylemon PB, Sanyal AJ, White MB, Monteith P, et al. The cirrhosis dysbiosis ratio defines changes in the gut microbiome associated with cirrhosis and its complications. J Hepatol 2014;60(5):940\u2013947","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10312_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830839","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310585","volume":"65","author":"M Llopis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Llopis M, Cassard AM, Wrzosek L, Boschat L, Bruneau A, Ferrere G, et al. Intestinal microbiota contributes to individual susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease. Gut 2016;65:830839","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10312_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2008.03.131","volume":"42","author":"V Purohit","year":"2008","unstructured":"Purohit V, Bode JC, Bode C, Brenner DA, Choudhry MA, Hamilton F, et al. Alcohol, intestinal bacterial growth, intestinal permeability to endotoxin, and medical consequences: summary of a symposium. Alcohol 2008;42(5):349\u2013361","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10312_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.10.042","volume":"148","author":"G Szabo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Szabo G. Gut-liver axis in alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology 2015;148(1):30\u201336","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10312_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1571276","volume":"36","author":"G Anand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anand G, Zarrinpar A, Loomba R. Targeting dysbiosis for the treatment of liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 2016;36:37\u201347","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10312_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.029","volume":"15","author":"CA Philips","year":"2017","unstructured":"Philips CA, Pande A, Shasthry SM, Jamwal KD, Khillan V, Chandel SS, et al. Healthy donor fecal microbiota transplantation in steroid ineligible severe alcoholic hepatitis\u2014a pilot study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;15:600\u2013602","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10312_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philips CA, Phadke N, Ganesan P, Augustine P. Healthy donor fecal transplant for corticosteroid non-responsive severe alcoholic hepatitis. BMJ Case Rep 2017","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-222310"},{"issue":"3","key":"10312_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-018-0859-4","volume":"37","author":"CA Philips","year":"2018","unstructured":"Philips CA, Phadke N, Ganesan K, Ranade S, Augustine P. Corticosteroids, nutrition, pentoxiphylline or fecal microbiota transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis. Indian J Gastroenterol 2018;37(3):215\u2013225","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10312_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.019","volume":"70","author":"SK Sarin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarin SK, Pande A, Schnabl B. Microbiome as a therapeutic target in alcohol-related liver disease. J Hepatol 2019;70:260\u2013272","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10312_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.042","volume":"150","author":"DW Crabb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crabb DW, Bataller R, Chalasani NP, Kamath PS, Lucey M, Mathurin P, et al. Standard definitions and common data elements for clinical trials in patients with alcoholic hepatitis: recommendation from the NIAAA Alcoholic Hepatitis Consortia. Gastroenterology 2016;150:785\u2013790","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10312_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-008-9106-x","volume":"3","author":"SK Sarin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sarin SK, Kumar A, Almeida JA, Chawla YK, Fan ST, Garg H, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL). Hepatol Int 2009;3(1):269\u2013282","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10312_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.042","volume":"144","author":"R Moreau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moreau R, Jalan R, Gines P, Pavesi M, Angeli P, Cordoba J, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2013;144(7):1426\u20131437.e14379","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"18","key":"10312_CR19","first-page":"31966","volume":"S0168\u20138278","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2018","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2018;S0168\u20138278(18):31966\u201331974","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10312_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.02.022","volume":"69","author":"T Serst\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Serst\u00e9 T, Cornillie A, Njimi H, Pavesi M, Arroyo V, Putignano A, et al. The prognostic value of acute-on-chronic liver failure during the course of severe alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2018;69(2):318\u2013324","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10312_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.12.008","volume":"70","author":"T Gustot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gustot T, Jalan R. Acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with alcohol-related liver disease. J Hepatol 2019;70:319\u2013327","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10312_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.06.019","volume":"69","author":"EH Forrest","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forrest EH, Atkinson SR, Richardson P, Masson S, Ryder S, Thursz MR, et al. Prevalent acute-on-chronic liver failure and response to corticosteroids in alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2018;69:1200\u20131201","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10312_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.017","volume":"53","author":"A Gupta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gupta A, Dhiman RK, Kumari S, Rana S, Agarwal R, Duseja A, et al. Role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and delayed gastrointestinal transit time in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol 2010;53:849\u2013855","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10312_CR24","first-page":"1020","volume":"58","author":"EM Quigley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Quigley EM, Stanton C, Murphy EF. The gut microbiota and the liver. Pathophysiol Clin Impl J Hepatol 2013;58:1020\u20131027","journal-title":"Pathophysiol Clin Impl J Hepatol"},{"key":"10312_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29306","volume":"66","author":"JS Bajaj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bajaj JS, Kassam Z, Fagan A, Gavis EA, Liu E, Cox IJ, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant from a rational stool donor improves hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical trial. Hepatology 2017;66:1727\u20131738","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10312_CR26","first-page":"547","volume":"119","author":"DB Hill","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hill DB, Marsano L, Cohen D, Allen J, Shedlofsky S, McClain CJ. Increased plasma interleukin-6 concentrations in alcoholic hepatitis. J Lab Clin Med 1992;119(5):547\u2013552","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10312_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(86)90554-0","volume":"39","author":"CJ McClain","year":"1986","unstructured":"McClain CJ, Cohen D, Dinarello CA, Cannon JG, Shedlofsky S, Kaplan AM. Seruminterleukin-1 (IL-1) activity in alcoholic hepatitis. Life Sci 1986;39:1479\u20131485","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10312_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.08.031","volume":"147","author":"RK Dhiman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dhiman RK, Rana B, Agrawal S, Garg A, Chopra M, Thumburu KK, et al. Probiotic VSL#3 reduces liver disease severity and hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis: a randomized, controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2014;147:1327\u20131337.e3","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10312_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21607","volume":"45","author":"A Louvet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Louvet A, Naveau S, Abdelnour M, Ramond MJ, Diaz E, Fartoux L, et al. The Lille model: a new tool for therapeutic strategy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids. Hepatology 2007;45:1348\u20131354","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10312_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.06.012","volume":"61","author":"R Jalan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jalan R, Saliba F, Pavesi M, et al. Development and validation of a prognostic score to predict mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. J Hepatol 2014;61:1038\u20131047","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10312_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25487","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25487","volume":"6","author":"H Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li H, Chen LY, Zhang N, et al. Characteristics, diagnosis and prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure in cirrhosis associated to hepatitis B. Sci Rep 2016;6:25487","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"21","key":"10312_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910437","volume":"381","author":"Z DeFilipp","year":"2019","unstructured":"DeFilipp Z, Bloom P, Soto M, Mansour M. Drug-resistant E. coli bacteremia transmitted by fecal microbiota transplant. N Engl J Med 2019;381(21):2043\u20132050","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10312_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9071399","volume":"9","author":"V Gopalakrishnan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gopalakrishnan V, Dozier EA, Glover MS, Novick S, Ford M, Morehouse C, et al. Engraftment of bacteria after fecal microbiota transplantation is dependent on both frequency of dosing and duration of preparative antibiotic regimen. Microorganisms 2021;9(7):1399","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10312_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.013","volume":"75","author":"J Trebicka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trebicka J, Macnaughtan J, Schnabl B, Shawcross DL, Bajaj JS. The microbiota in cirrhosis and its role in hepatic decompensation. J Hepatol 2021;75:S67\u2013S81","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Hepatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10312-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10312-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10312-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]],"date-time":"2022-04-17T06:05:51Z","timestamp":1650175551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10312-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10312-z","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-408638\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1936-0533","1936-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Anima Sharma, Akash Roy, Madhumita Premkumar, Nipun Verma, Ajay Duseja, Sunil Taneja, Sandeep Grover, Madhu Chopra and Radha K. Dhiman declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study has been approved by the institutional ethics committee and follows the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and revised in 2008.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of human rights"}},{"value":"Obtained.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Yes.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}