{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:26:18Z","timestamp":1790439978869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CM19\/00011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM19\/00011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic is the largest public health challenge in living memory. Patients with underlying liver disease have been disproportionately affected, experiencing high morbidity and mortality. In addition, elevated liver enzymes appear to be a risk factor for disease progression, even in the absence of underlying liver disease. Nevertheless, the mechanism of liver injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains largely unknown. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 induces liver injury, and the impact of COVID-19 on cirrhosis, alcohol-related liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis B and C virus infection, liver-transplant recipients and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, emerging data on vaccination in liver diseases is discussed, to help inform public health policy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10364-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T09:07:57Z","timestamp":1656493677000},"page":"755-774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver involvement"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mingjia","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Pilar","family":"Ballester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Soffientini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Jalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5696-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gautam","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"10364_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00363-4","author":"A Sanyaolu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanyaolu A, Okorie C, Marinkovic A, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on patients with COVID-19. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42399-020-00363-4","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10364_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00426-4","volume":"18","author":"T Marjot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marjot T, Webb GJ, Barritt AS 4th, et al. COVID-19 and liver disease: mechanistic and clinical perspectives. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(5):348\u2013364","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10364_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-020-00718-6","volume":"11","author":"B Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao B, Ni C, Gao R, et al. Recapitulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cholangiocyte damage with human liver ductal organoids. Protein Cell. 2020;11(10):771\u2013775","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10364_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.06.015","volume":"27","author":"L Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang L, Han Y, Nilsson-Payant BE, et al. A human pluripotent stem cell-based platform to study SARS-CoV-2 tropism and model virus infection in human cells and organoids. Cell Stem Cell. 2020;27(1):125-136.e7","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"10364_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001264","volume":"116","author":"S Faruqui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faruqui S, Okoli FC, Olsen SK, et al. Cholangiopathy after severe COVID-19: clinical features and prognostic implications. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116(7):1414\u20131425","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10364_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30004-5","volume":"1","author":"H Chu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chu H, Chan JF, Yuen TT, et al. Comparative tropism, replication kinetics, and cell damage profiling of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV with implications for clinical manifestations, transmissibility, and laboratory studies of COVID-19: an observational study. Lancet Microbe. 2020;1(1):e14\u2013e23","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"4","key":"10364_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.002","volume":"73","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liu S, Liu H, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19. J Hepatol. 2020;73(4):807\u2013816","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10364_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.035","volume":"73","author":"MN Bangash","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bangash MN, Patel JM, Parekh D, et al. SARS-CoV-2: is the liver merely a bystander to severe disease? J Hepatol. 2020;73(4):995\u2013996","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10364_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.12.007","volume":"74","author":"AS Meijnikman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meijnikman AS, Bruin S, Groen AK, et al. Increased expression of key SARS-CoV-2 entry points in multiple tissues in individuals with NAFLD. J Hepatol. 2021;74(3):748\u2013749","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10364_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.062398","volume":"54","author":"G Paizis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Paizis G, Tikellis C, Cooper ME, et al. Chronic liver injury in rats and humans upregulates the novel enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Gut. 2005;54(12):1790\u20136","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"23","key":"10364_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20201268","volume":"134","author":"FJ Warner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Warner FJ, Rajapaksha H, Shackel N, et al. ACE2: from protection of liver disease to propagation of COVID-19. Clin Sci (Lond). 2020;134(23):3137\u20133158","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10364_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31857","volume":"74","author":"S McCarron","year":"2021","unstructured":"McCarron S, Bathon B, Conlon DM, et al. Functional characterization of organoids derived from irreversibly damaged liver of patients with NASH. Hepatology. 2021;74(4):1825\u20131844","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10364_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPR.0000722316.63824.f9","volume":"46","author":"R Clark","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clark R, Waters B, Stanfill AG. Elevated liver function tests in COVID-19: causes, clinical evidence, and potential treatments. Nurse Pract. 2021;46(1):21\u201326","journal-title":"Nurse Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10364_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1631","volume":"5","author":"BL Da","year":"2020","unstructured":"Da BL, Kushner T, El Halabi M, et al. Liver injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 correlates with hyper inflammatory response and elevated IL-6. Hepatol Commun. 2020;5(2):177\u201388","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10364_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.050","volume":"75","author":"MJ McConnell","year":"2021","unstructured":"McConnell MJ, Kawaguchi N, Kondo R, et al. Liver injury in COVID-19 and IL-6 trans-signaling-induced endotheliopathy. J Hepatol. 2021;75(3):647\u2013658","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10364_CR16","unstructured":"Bzeizi K, Abdulla M, Mohammed N, et al. Effect of COVID-19 on liver abnormalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\u00a0Sci Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10364_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2011.00287.x","volume":"6","author":"N Papic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Papic N, Pangercic A, Vargovic M, et al. Liver involvement during influenza infection: perspective on the 2009 influenza pandemic. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2012;6(3):e2-5","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"10364_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2021.100258","volume":"3","author":"N Shafran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shafran N, Issachar A, Shochat T, et al. Abnormal liver tests in patients with SARS-CoV-2 or influenza\u2014prognostic similarities and temporal disparities. JHEP Rep. 2021;3(3):100258","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10364_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.1.113","volume":"160","author":"A Duchini","year":"2000","unstructured":"Duchini A, Viernes ME, Nyberg LM, et al. Hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis during infection with influenza A. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(1):113\u20135","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10364_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-014-0443-5","volume":"33","author":"CK Bal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bal CK, Bhatia V, Kumar S, et al. Influenza A\/H1\/N1\/09 infection in patients with cirrhosis has a poor outcome: a case series. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2014;33(2):178\u201382","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10364_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.09.024","volume":"74","author":"T Marjot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marjot T, Moon AM, Cook JA, et al. Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: an international registry study. J Hepatol. 2021;74(3):567\u2013577","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10364_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.064","volume":"159","author":"S Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh S, Khan A. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 among patients with preexisting liver disease in the united states: a multicenter research network study. Gastroenterology. 2020;159(2):768-771.e3","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10364_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31649","volume":"74","author":"GN Ioannou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ioannou GN, Liang PS, Locke E, et al. Cirrhosis and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in US veterans: risk of infection, hospitalization, ventilation, and mortality. Hepatology. 2021;74(1):322\u2013335","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10364_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001481","volume":"55","author":"A Mohammed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohammed A, Paranji N, Chen PH, et al. COVID-19 in chronic liver disease and liver transplantation: a clinical review. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2021;55(3):187\u2013194","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10364_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10072-8","volume":"14","author":"SK Sarin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Lau GK, et al. Pre-existing liver disease is associated with poor outcome in patients with SARS CoV2 infection; The APCOLIS Study (APASL COVID-19 Liver Injury Spectrum Study). Hepatol Int. 2020;14(5):690\u2013700","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10364_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29581","volume":"67","author":"S Macdonald","year":"2018","unstructured":"Macdonald S, Andreola F, Bachtiger P, et al. Cell death markers in patients with cirrhosis and acute decompensation. Hepatology. 2018;67(3):989\u20131002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10364_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00588-x","volume":"21","author":"SM Vora","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vora SM, Lieberman J, Wu H. Inflammasome activation at the crux of severe COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2021;21(11):694\u2013703","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10364_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.03.035","volume":"57","author":"G Szabo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Szabo G, Csak T. Inflammasomes in liver diseases. J Hepatol. 2012;57(3):642\u201354","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10364_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668459","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.668459","volume":"9","author":"U Soffientini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soffientini U, Beaton N, Baweja S, et al. The lipopolysaccharide-sensing caspase(s)-4\/11 are activated in cirrhosis and are causally associated with progression to multi-organ injury. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:668459","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10364_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25629-w","volume":"12","author":"P Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan P, Shen M, Yu Z, et al. Author Correction: SARS-CoV-2 N protein promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation to induce hyperinflammation. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):5306","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"10364_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junqueira C, Crespo \u00c3, Ranjbar S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infects blood monocytes to activate NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, pyroptosis and cytokine release. Res Sq [Preprint] 2021;rs.3.rs-153628","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.06.21252796"},{"issue":"7","key":"10364_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.027","volume":"19","author":"D Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim D, Adeniji N, Latt N, et al. Predictors of outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease: US multi-center study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19(7):1469-1479.e19","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10364_CR33","first-page":"159","volume":"37","author":"G Szabo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Szabo G, Saha B. Alcohol\u2019s effect on host defense. Alcohol Res. 2015;37(2):159\u2013170","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10364_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.062","volume":"81","author":"Z Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Z, Liu J, Zhou Y, et al. The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;81(1):e13\u2013e20","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10364_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.008","volume":"73","author":"A Di Giorgio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Giorgio A, Nicastro E, Speziani C, et al. Health status of patients with autoimmune liver disease during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy. J Hepatol. 2020;73(3):702\u2013705","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10364_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.08.035","volume":"74","author":"X Verhelst","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verhelst X, Somers N, Geerts A, et al. Health status of patients with autoimmune hepatitis is not affected by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Flanders, Belgium. J Hepatol. 2021;74(1):240\u2013241","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10364_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31797","volume":"73","author":"C Efe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Efe C, Dhanasekaran R, Lammert C, et al. Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune hepatitis: an international multicenter study. Hepatology. 2021;73(6):2099\u20132109","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10364_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.044","volume":"73","author":"D Ji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ji D, Qin E, Xu J, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases in patients with COVID-19: a\u00a0retrospective study. J Hepatol. 2020;73(2):451\u2013453","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10364_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154244","volume":"108","author":"KI Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng KI, Gao F, Wang XB, et al. Letter to the EditOR Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Metabolism. 2020;108:154244","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"8","key":"10364_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321611","volume":"69","author":"G Targher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Targher G, Mantovani A, Byrne CD, et al. Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased fibrosis scores. Gut. 2020;69(8):1545\u20131547","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"11","key":"10364_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13553","volume":"50","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Wang T, Cai Q, et al. Longitudinal changes of liver function and hepatitis B reactivation in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatol Res. 2020;50(11):1211\u20131221","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10364_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-020-00276-5","volume":"35","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen X, Jiang Q, Ma Z, et al. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 and hepatitis B virus co-infection. Virol Sin. 2020;35(6):842\u2013845","journal-title":"Virol Sin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10364_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13410","volume":"28","author":"S Rodr\u00edguez-Tajes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Tajes S, Miralpeix A, Costa J, et al. Low risk of hepatitis B reactivation in patients with severe COVID-19 who receive immunosuppressive therapy. J Viral Hepat. 2021;28(1):89\u201394","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"4","key":"10364_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2022.37.e29","volume":"37","author":"JW Choe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choe JW, Jung YK, Yim HJ, et al. Clinical effect of hepatitis B virus on COVID-19 infected patients: a nationwide population-based study using the health insurance review and assessment service database. J Korean Med Sci. 2022;37(4):e29","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10364_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0258229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258229","volume":"16","author":"SH Kang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kang SH, Cho DH, Choi J, et al. Association between chronic hepatitis B infection and COVID-19 outcomes: a Korean nationwide cohort study. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0258229","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"29","key":"10364_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8749","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v9.i29.8749","volume":"9","author":"D Ronderos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ronderos D, Omar AMS, Abbas H, et al. Chronic hepatitis-C infection in COVID-19 patients is associated with in-hospital mortality. World J Clin Cases. 2021;9(29):8749\u20138762","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"6","key":"10364_CR47","first-page":"597","volume":"57","author":"B Cerbu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cerbu B, Pantea S, Bratosin F, et al. Liver impairment and hematological changes in patients with chronic hepatitis C and COVID-19: a retrospective study after one year of pandemic. Med (Kaunas). 2021;57(6):597","journal-title":"Med (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10364_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14804","volume":"41","author":"AA Butt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Butt AA, Yan P, Chotani RA, et al. Mortality is not increased in SARS-CoV-2 infected persons with hepatitis C virus infection. Liver Int. 2021;41(8):1824\u20131831","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10364_CR49","first-page":"148","volume":"74","author":"S Lens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lens S, Miquel M, Mateos-Mu\u00f1oz B, et al. Epidemiological pattern, incidence, and outcomes of COVID-19 in liver transplant patients. J Hepatol. 2021;74(1):148\u2013155","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10364_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.07.040","volume":"74","author":"J Colmenero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Colmenero J, Rodr\u00edguez-Per\u00e1lvarez M, Salcedo M, et al. Epidemiological pattern, incidence, and outcomes of COVID-19 in liver transplant patients. J Hepatol. 2021;74(1):148\u2013155","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10364_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30271-5","volume":"5","author":"GJ Webb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Webb GJ, Marjot T, Cook JA, et al. Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients: an international registry study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(11):1008\u20131016","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10364_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30116-3","volume":"5","author":"S Bhoori","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhoori S, Rossi RE, Citterio D, et al. COVID-19 in long-term liver transplant patients: preliminary experience from an Italian transplant centre in Lombardy. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(6):532\u2013533","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10364_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.01.036","volume":"75","author":"GJ Webb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Webb GJ, Moon AM, Barnes E, et al. Age and comorbidity are central to the risk of death from COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients. J Hepatol. 2021;75(1):226\u2013228","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10364_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31574","volume":"72","author":"A Rabiee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rabiee A, Sadowski B, Adeniji N, et al. Liver injury in liver transplant recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): US multicenter experience. Hepatology. 2020;72(6):1900\u20131911","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10364_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.4325","volume":"181","author":"BV John","year":"2021","unstructured":"John BV, Deng Y, Scheinberg A, et al. Association of BNT162b2 mRNA and mRNA-1273 vaccines With COVID-19 infection and hospitalization among patients with cirrhosis. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(10):1306\u20131314","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10364_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1853,Oct28,2021","author":"AM Moon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moon AM, Webb GJ, Garc\u00eda-Ju\u00e1rez I, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infections among patients with liver disease and liver transplantation who received COVID-19 vaccination. Hepatol Commun. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep4.1853,Oct28,2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10364_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.026","volume":"75","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang J, Hou Z, Liu J, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (CHESS2101): a multicenter study. J Hepatol. 2021;75(2):439\u2013441","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10364_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.08.008","volume":"75","author":"PJ Thuluvath","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thuluvath PJ, Robarts P, Chauhan M. Analysis of antibody responses after COVID-19 vaccination in liver transplant recipients and those with chronic liver diseases. J Hepatol. 2021;75(6):1434\u20131439","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10364_CR59","first-page":"1391A","volume":"74","author":"M Iavarone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iavarone M, Tosetti G, Facchetti F, et al. Delayed and suboptimal response to two doses of SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine in European patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis of difference aetiologies. Hepatology. 2021;74(6):1391A","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10364_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.020","volume":"75","author":"L Rabinowich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rabinowich L, Grupper A, Baruch R, et al. Low immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among liver transplant recipients. J Hepatol. 2021;75(2):435\u2013438","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Hepatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10364-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10364-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10364-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:04:28Z","timestamp":1675987468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10364-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10364-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0533","1936-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"RJ has research collaborations with Takeda and Yaqrit, consults for Mallinckrodt and Yaqrit and has received speaking fees from Grifols. RJ is the founder of Yaqrit Limited and Thoeris GmBh, which is developing UCL inventions for treatment of patients with cirrhosis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}