{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T04:34:16Z","timestamp":1774067656826,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10429-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T10:02:39Z","timestamp":1665655359000},"page":"303-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Association of age at first birth and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women: evidence from the NHANES"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8827-6372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan-Huan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo-Chong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng-Ge","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Feng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Yuan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao-Tian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ze-Kun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hao","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Zheng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"10429_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","volume":"64","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64:73\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.28431","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10429_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13857","volume":"33","author":"VW Wong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong VW, et al. Asia-pacific working party on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease guidelines 2017-Part 1: definition, risk factors and assessment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;33:70\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.13857","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10429_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30626","volume":"70","author":"A Lonardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lonardo A, et al. Sex Differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: state of the art and identification of research gaps. Hepatology. 2019;70:1457\u20131469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.30626","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10429_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.010843","volume":"68","author":"BM Dietz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dietz BM, Hajirahimkhan A, Dunlap TL, Bolton JL. Botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women\u2019s health. Pharmacol Rev. 2016;68:1026\u20131073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.115.010843","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10429_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182337150","volume":"19","author":"GJ Cho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cho GJ, et al. Adolescent pregnancy is associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2012;19:456\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182337150","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10429_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.107549","volume":"53","author":"P Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar P, Magon N. Hormones in pregnancy. Niger Med J. 2012;53:179\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0300-1652.107549","journal-title":"Niger Med J"},{"key":"10429_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2016.12.001","volume":"30","author":"L Patchen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patchen L, Leoutsakos JM, Astone NM. Early parturition: is young maternal age at first birth associated with obesity? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2017;30:553\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpag.2016.12.001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"10429_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127860","volume":"10","author":"JH Sim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sim JH, et al. Maternal age at first delivery is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: from 2008\u20132010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS ONE. 2015;10: e0127860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0127860","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10429_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4519-x","volume":"17","author":"NTA Rosendaal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rosendaal NTA, Pirkle CM. Age at first birth and risk of later-life cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the literature, its limitation, and recommendations for future research. BMC Public Health. 2017;17:627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-017-4519-x","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10429_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.017854","volume":"133","author":"NI Parikh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parikh NI, et al. Reproductive risk factors and coronary heart disease in the women\u2019s health initiative observational study. Circulation. 2016;133:2149\u20132158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.115.017854","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10429_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0484-3","volume":"13","author":"MA Merritt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Merritt MA, et al. Reproductive factors and risk of mortality in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition; a cohort study. BMC Med. 2015;13:252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-015-0484-3","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10429_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06365.x","volume":"26","author":"CH Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu CH, Chan TF, Changchien CC, Yang CY. Parity, age at first birth, and risk of death from liver cancer: Evidence from a cohort in Taiwan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26:334\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06365.x","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10429_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230x-6-33","volume":"6","author":"G Bedogni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bedogni G, et al. The Fatty Liver Index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population. BMC Gastroenterol. 2006;6:33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-230x-6-33","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10429_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.12.031","volume":"11","author":"EM Koehler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koehler EM, et al. External validation of the fatty liver index for identifying nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a population-based study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:1201\u20131204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.12.031","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10429_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12665","volume":"29","author":"M Otgonsuren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Otgonsuren M, et al. Single non-invasive model to diagnose non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;29:2006\u20132013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.12665","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10429_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.155","volume":"109","author":"PJ Meffert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Meffert PJ, et al. Development, external validation, and comparative assessment of a new diagnostic score for hepatic steatosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109:1404\u20131414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2014.155","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10429_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89991-x","volume":"11","author":"HH Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang HH, et al. Serum iron and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced hepatic fibrosis in US adults. Sci Rep. 2021;11:10387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-89991-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10429_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290307","volume":"29","author":"M Yasuda","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yasuda M, Shimizu I, Shiba M, Ito S. Suppressive effects of estradiol on dimethylnitrosamine-induced fibrosis of the liver in rats. Hepatology. 1999;29:719\u2013727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.510290307","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10429_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.127","volume":"44","author":"I Shimizu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shimizu I, et al. Inhibitory effect of oestradiol on activation of rat hepatic stellate cells in vivo and in vitro. Gut. 1999;44:127\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.44.1.127","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10429_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.4839","volume":"24","author":"C Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim C, et al. Reproductive history and chronic hepatic steatosis in the Michigan Study of Women\u2019s Health Across the Nation. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2015;24:42\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2014.4839","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10429_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.08.012","volume":"19","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang J, et al. Associations between reproductive and hormone-related factors and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a multiethnic population. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19:1258-1266.e1251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.08.012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10429_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26761","volume":"59","author":"JD Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang JD, et al. Gender and menopause impact severity of fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2014;59:1406\u20131414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.26761","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10429_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1385\/endo:19:1:43","volume":"19","author":"E Herrera","year":"2002","unstructured":"Herrera E. Lipid metabolism in pregnancy and its consequences in the fetus and newborn. Endocrine. 2002;19:43\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1385\/endo:19:1:43","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10429_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.114.009029","volume":"130","author":"M Sanghavi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sanghavi M, Rutherford JD. Cardiovascular physiology of pregnancy. Circulation. 2014;130:1003\u20131008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.114.009029","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10429_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140043","volume":"5","author":"L May","year":"2015","unstructured":"May L. Cardiac Physiology of Pregnancy. Compr Physiol. 2015;5:1325\u20131344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c140043","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"10429_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1909301","volume":"381","author":"ZJ Ward","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ward ZJ, et al. Projected U.S. state-level prevalence of adult obesity and severe obesity. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:2440\u20132450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMsa1909301","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10429_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.03.020","volume":"9","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, et al. Changes in the prevalence of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the United States from 1988 to 2008. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:524\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.03.020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Hepatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10429-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10429-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10429-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T08:34:45Z","timestamp":1681979685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10429-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10429-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0533","1936-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The surveys were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board. All participants signed informed consent prior to their participation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}