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However, the effectiveness of rechallenging with one immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) after failure of another remains unclear. This study explores the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-L1 rechallenge in patients who failed anti-PD-1 therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From January 2016 to December 2023, 65 advanced HCC patients previously treated with anti-PD-1 therapy were retrospectively enrolled and rechallenged with durvalumab (480\u00a0mg IV every 2\u00a0weeks).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 86.2% of patients received nivolumab and 13.8% pembrolizumab as prior anti-PD-1 therapy. The overall response rate (ORR) to durvalumab was 13.8%. Patients who responded to prior anti-PD-1 had a higher ORR compared to non-responders (31.3% vs. 8.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). Patients with any grade of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from durvalumab had a higher ORR than those without irAEs (35.3% vs. 6.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). The median PFS was 5.4\u00a0months, and the median OS was 9.6\u00a0months. Responders to prior anti-PD-1 showed longer OS (33.9 vs. 8.2\u00a0months,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and a trend toward longer PFS (13.8 vs. 4.9\u00a0months,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.07) compared to non-responders. Multivariate analysis identified prior anti-PD-1 response (HR: 0.31) as the only protective factor for death. Common irAEs were skin toxicity (13.8%) and hepatitis (7.7%); no correlation was found between irAEs from prior anti-PD-1 and durvalumab treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides the first, concrete evidence that durvalumab rechallenge is effective for HCC patients who are refractory to anti-PD-1 therapy, especially for those who previously responded to anti-PD-1 treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-024-10728-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T14:09:22Z","timestamp":1732370962000},"page":"1804-1814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Efficacy and safety of durvalumab rechallenge in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients refractory to prior anti-PD-1 therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kuan-Chang","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2011Ping","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai-Jung","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2011Huang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9436-5400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"San-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10728_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00825-3","volume":"20","author":"AG Singal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singal AG, Kanwal F, Llovet JM. 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All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}