{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:19:56Z","timestamp":1788265196709,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019978","name":"Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PW2021A-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PW2021A-14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019978","name":"Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDZY-2024-0702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDZY-2024-0702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major global health concern. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance in CHB patients treated with pegylated interferon \u03b1-2b (Peg-IFN\u03b1-2b) for 48\u00a0weeks and to establish a predictive model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This analysis is based on the \u201cOASIS\u201d project, a prospective real-world multicenter study in China. We included CHB patients who completed 48\u00a0weeks of Peg-IFN\u03b1-2b treatment. Patients were randomly assigned to a training set and a validation set in a ratio of approximately 4:1 by spss 26.0, and were divided into clearance and non-clearance groups based on HBsAg status at 48\u00a0weeks. Clinical data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, employing chi-square tests for categorical data and Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests for continuous variables. Significant factors (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) were incorporated into a binary logistic regression model to identify independent predictors of HBsAg clearance. The predictive model\u2019s performance was evaluated using ROC curve analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 868 subjects, divided into the clearance group (187 cases) and the non-clearance group (681 cases). They were randomly assigned to a training set (702 cases) and a validation set (166 cases). Key predictors included female gender (OR\u2009=\u20091.879), lower baseline HBsAg levels (OR\u2009=\u20090.371), and cirrhosis (OR\u2009=\u20090.438). The final predictive model was:<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Logit(P)\u2009=\u20090.92\u2009+\u2009Gender (Female) * 0.66\u00a0-\u00a0HBsAg (log) * 0.96\u00a0-\u00a0Cirrhosis * 0.88. ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.80 for the training set and 0.82 for the validation set, indicating good predictive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gender, baseline HBsAg levels, and cirrhosis are significant predictors of HBsAg clearance in CHB patients after 48\u00a0weeks of Peg-IFN\u03b1-2b therapy. The developed predictive model demonstrates high accuracy and potential clinical utility\n                      <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-024-10764-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T11:57:43Z","timestamp":1734609463000},"page":"358-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Predictive model for HBsAg clearance rate in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon \u03b1-2b for 48 weeks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zhili","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruirui","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5732-188X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengdi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"10764_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1674-2397.2022.06.001","volume":"15","author":"Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Chin J Infect Dis. 2022;15(06):401\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1674-2397.2022.06.001","journal-title":"Chin J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10764_CR2","unstructured":"Cancer Today: Data visualization tools for exploring the global cancer burden in 2024. https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today\/home (Accessed on May 3, 2024)."},{"issue":"12","key":"10764_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309809","volume":"64","author":"M Nassal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nassal M. HBV cccDNA: viral persistence reservoir and key obstacle for a cure of chronic hepatitis B. Gut. 2015;64(12):1972\u20131984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309809","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10764_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13641","volume":"51","author":"T Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li T, Liang Y, Zhang M, et al. Nucleoside\/nucleotide analog consolidation therapy in hepatitis B e-antigen positive chronic hepatitis B patients: three years should be preferred. Hepatol Res Off J Jpn Soc Hepatol. 2021;51(6):633\u2013640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hepr.13641","journal-title":"Hepatol Res Off J Jpn Soc Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10764_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13694","volume":"44","author":"CL Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin CL, Kao JH. Review article: novel therapies for hepatitis B virus cure\u2014advances and perspectives. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;44(3):213\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.13694","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10764_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49568","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201949568","volume":"22","author":"D Stadler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stadler D, K\u00e4chele M, Jones AN, et al. Interferon-induced degradation of the persistent hepatitis B virus cccDNA form depends on ISG20. EMBO Rep. 2021;22(6):e49568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embr.201949568","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"issue":"6176","key":"10764_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243462","volume":"343","author":"J Lucifora","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lucifora J, Xia Y, Reisinger F, et al. Specific and nonhepatotoxic degradation of nuclear hepatitis B virus cccDNA. Science. 2014;343(6176):1221\u20131228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1243462","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"10764_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14986","volume":"35","author":"YK Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park YK, Lee SY, Lee AR, et al. Antiviral activity of interferon-stimulated gene 20, as a putative repressor binding to hepatitis B virus enhancer II and core promoter. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;35(8):1426\u20131436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.14986","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10764_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.004","volume":"19","author":"HSJ Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi HSJ, van Campenhout MJH, van Vuuren AJ, et al. Ultra-long-term follow-up of interferon Alfa treatment for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19(9):1933-1940.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10764_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14801","volume":"41","author":"CQ Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan CQ, Li MH, Yi W, et al. Outcome of Chinese patients with hepatitis B at 96 weeks after functional cure with IFN versus combination regimens. Liver Int Off J Int Assoc Study Liver. 2021;41(7):1498\u20131508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.14801","journal-title":"Liver Int Off J Int Assoc Study Liver"},{"issue":"3","key":"10764_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30189-3","volume":"2","author":"M Bourli\u00e8re","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bourli\u00e8re M, Rabiega P, Ganne-Carrie N, et al. Effect on HBs antigen clearance of addition of pegylated interferon alfa-2a to nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy versus nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy alone in patients with HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B and sustained undetectable plasma hepatitis B virus DNA: a randomised, controlled, open-label trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(3):177\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30189-3","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10764_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.013","volume":"73","author":"I Tout","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tout I, Loureiro D, Mansouri A, Soumelis V, Boyer N, Asselah T. Hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance: immune mechanisms, clinical impact, importance for drug development. J Hepatol. 2020;73(2):409\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10764_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.089722","volume":"56","author":"F Bonino","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bonino F, Marcellin P, Lau GKK, et al. Predicting response to peginterferon -2a, lamivudine and the two combined for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Gut. 2007;56(5):699\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.2005.089722","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10764_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14862","volume":"48","author":"HLY Chan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chan HLY, Messinger D, Papatheodoridis GV, et al. A baseline tool for predicting response to peginterferon alfa-2a in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48(5):547\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.14862","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"10764_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13722","volume":"29","author":"JH Chu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chu JH, Huang Y, Xie DY, et al. Real-world study on HBsAg loss of combination therapy in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients. J Viral Hepat. 2022;29(9):765\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.13722","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10764_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332232","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1332232","volume":"13","author":"C Wen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wen C, Wang Y, Tian H, et al. Clinical cure induced by pegylated interferon \u03b1-2b in the advantaged population of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a retrospective cohort study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1332232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1332232","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10764_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i13.1525","volume":"26","author":"FP Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu FP, Yang Y, Li M, et al. Add-on pegylated interferon augments hepatitis B surface antigen clearance vs continuous nucleos(t)ide analog monotherapy in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B surface antigen \u2264 1500 IU\/mL: an observational study. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(13):1525\u20131539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v26.i13.1525","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10764_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2021.1866985","volume":"15","author":"ML Yeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yeh ML, Huang JF, Yu ML, Chuang WL. Hepatitis b infection: progress in identifying patients most likely to respond to peginterferon alfa. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;15(4):427\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17474124.2021.1866985","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10764_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-023-10631-9","volume":"18","author":"M Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang M, Li J, Xu Z, et al. Functional cure is associated with younger age in children undergoing antiviral treatment for active chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int. 2024;18(2):435\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-023-10631-9","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10764_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12638","volume":"46","author":"T Okanoue","year":"2016","unstructured":"Okanoue T, Shima T, Hasebe C, et al. Long-term follow up of peginterferon-\u03b1-2a treatment of hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) positive and HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B patients in phase II and III studies. Hepatol Res. 2016;46(10):992\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hepr.12638","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10764_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-024-10648-8","volume":"18","author":"S Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang S, Guo S, Huang Y, et al. Predictors of HBsAg seroclearance in patients with chronic HBV infection treated with pegylated interferon-\u03b1: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol Int. 2024;18(3):892\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-024-10648-8","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10764_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-024-10666-6","volume":"18","author":"PX Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang PX, Tang QQ, Zhu J, Deng WY, Zhang ZH. Predictive models for functional cure in patients with CHB receiving PEG-IFN therapy based on HBsAg quantification through meta-analysis. Hepatol Int. 2024;18(4):1110\u20131121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-024-10666-6","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10764_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2021.105163","volume":"194","author":"P Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren P, Li H, Huang Y, et al. A simple-to-use tool for predicting response to peginterferon in HBV DNA suppressed chronic hepatitis B patients in China. Antiviral Res. 2021;194:105163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2021.105163","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10764_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08443-1","volume":"23","author":"Q Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang Q, Ye J, Zhang Y, et al. Establishment of a multi-parameter prediction model for the functional cure of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon\u03b1 and decision process based on response-guided therapy strategy. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08443-1","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10764_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040548","volume":"17","author":"R Lombardi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lombardi R, Pisano G, Fargion S. Role of serum uric acid and ferritin in the development and progression of NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(4):548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17040548","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10764_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28824","volume":"64","author":"JG Abraldes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abraldes JG, Bureau C, Stefanescu H, et al. Noninvasive tools and risk of clinically significant portal hypertension and varices in compensated cirrhosis: the \u201cAnticipate\u201d study. Hepatology. 2016;64(6):2173\u20132184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.28824","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10764_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.018427","volume":"49","author":"M Cappellari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cappellari M, Turcato G, Forlivesi S, et al. STARTING-SICH nomogram to predict symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis for stroke. Stroke. 2018;49(2):397\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.018427","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10764_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00418.x","volume":"101","author":"HJ Flink","year":"2006","unstructured":"Flink HJ, van Zonneveld M, Hansen BE, et al. Treatment with Peg-interferon alpha-2b for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: HBsAg loss is associated with HBV genotype. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(2):297\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00418.x","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10764_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.061","volume":"137","author":"EHCJ Buster","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buster EHCJ, Hansen BE, Lau GKK, et al. Factors that predict response of patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B to Peginterferon-Alfa. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(6):2002\u20132009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.061","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Hepatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-024-10764-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12072-024-10764-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-024-10764-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T01:36:06Z","timestamp":1744767366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12072-024-10764-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-024-10764-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5049025\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1936-0533","1936-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The experimental protocol was allowed by the ethics committee of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}