{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:24:36Z","timestamp":1787397876222,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Transl Oncol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-026-04292-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T11:35:39Z","timestamp":1773056139000},"page":"3959-3972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamics changes of spleen volume predict survival outcomes in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with tislelizumab plus lenvatinib"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Qingxun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jizong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6347-441X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4292_CR1","first-page":"221","volume":"46","author":"RS Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng RS, Chen R, Han BF, Wang SM, Li L, Sun KX, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2024;46(3):221\u201331.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi"},{"issue":"3","key":"4292_CR2","first-page":"212","volume":"45","author":"RS Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng RS, Zhang SW, Sun KX, Chen R, Wang SM, Li L, et al. Cancer statistics in China, 2016. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2023;45(3):212\u201320.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi"},{"issue":"3","key":"4292_CR3","first-page":"229","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229\u201363.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"10408","key":"4292_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00961-3","volume":"402","author":"S Qin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin S, Chan SL, Gu S,\u00a0Bai Y, Ren Z, Lin X, et al. Camrelizumab plus rivoceranib versus sorafenib as first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CARES-310): a randomised, open-label, international phase 3 study. Lancet. 2023;402(10408):1133\u201346.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4292_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03356-5","volume":"22","author":"L Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu L, Chen J, Liu C, Song X, Zhang Y, Zhao H, et al. Efficacy and safety of tislelizumab plus lenvatinib as first-line treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial. BMC Med. 2024;22(1):172.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"4292_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14210","volume":"39","author":"YY Shao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shao YY, Liu TH, Hsu C, Lu LC, Shen YC, Lin ZZ, et al. Early alpha-foetoprotein response associated with treatment efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2019;39(11):2184\u20139.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"26","key":"4292_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500596","volume":"372","author":"DT Le","year":"2015","unstructured":"Le DT, Uram JN, Wang H, Bartlett BR, Kemberling H, Eyring AD, et al. PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(26):2509\u201320.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4292_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28710","volume":"64","author":"J Calderaro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calderaro J, Rousseau B, Amaddeo G, Mercey M, Charpy C, Costentin C, et al. Programmed death ligand 1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: relationship with clinical and pathological features. Hepatology. 2016;64(6):2038\u201346.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"4292_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-2293","volume":"25","author":"JJ Harding","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harding JJ, Nandakumar S, Armenia J, Khalil DN, Albano M, Ly M, et al. Prospective genotyping of hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical implications of next-generation sequencing for matching patients to targeted and immune therapies. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(7):2116\u201326.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"4292_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11092482","author":"G Duwe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duwe G, M\u00fcller L, Ruckes C, Fischer ND, Frey LJ, B\u00f6rner JH, et al. Change in splenic volume as a surrogate marker for immunotherapy response in patients with advanced urothelial and renal cell carcinoma-evaluation of a novel approach of fully automated artificial intelligence based splenic segmentation. Biomedicines.\u00a02023 Sep 7;11(9):2482.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"5","key":"4292_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2022-0222","volume":"15","author":"M Oliveira Taveira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oliveira Taveira M, De Barros ESMJ, Vieira Barbosa Pinto PN. Imaging-calculated splenic volume is associated with response in melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy. Immunotherapy. 2023;15(5):343\u201351.","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"4292_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2021.1973710","volume":"10","author":"SH Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang SH, Lu LC, Kao HF, Chen BB, Kuo TC, Kuo SH, et al. Negative prognostic implications of splenomegaly in nivolumab-treated advanced or recurrent pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncoimmunology. 2021;10(1):1973710.","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"4292_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270950","volume":"17","author":"F Castagnoli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Castagnoli F, Doran S, Lunn J, Minchom A, O'Brien M, Popat S, et al. Splenic volume as a predictor of treatment response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving immunotherapy. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(7):e0270950.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"4292_CR14","first-page":"655","volume":"13","author":"RS Finn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Finn RS, Galle PR, Ducreux M, Cheng AL, Reilly N, Nicholas A, et al. Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma with main trunk and\/or contralateral portal vein invasion in IMbrave150. Liver Cancer. 2024;13(6):655\u201368.","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"4292_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.02.018","volume":"56","author":"P Sultanik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sultanik P, Campani C, Larrey E, Campion B, Evain M, Roux C, et al. Portal hypertension is associated with poorer outcome and clinical liver decompensation in patients with HCC treated with Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab. Dig Liver Dis. 2024;56(9):1621\u201330.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"4292_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S462470","volume":"11","author":"BB Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen BB, Liang PC, Shih TT, Liu TH, Shen YC, Lu LC, et al. Changes in posttreatment spleen volume associated with immunotherapy outcomes for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2024;11:1015\u201329.","journal-title":"J Hepatocell Carcinoma"},{"issue":"2","key":"4292_CR17","first-page":"94","volume":"103","author":"T Hatanaka","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hatanaka T, Saito N, Kakizaki S, Hiraoka A, Tada T, Kariyama K, et al. Factors affecting an increase in spleen volume and association of spleen volume variation with the clinical outcomes of Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. Oncology. 2025;103(2):94\u2013106.","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4292_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-023-00558-7","volume":"23","author":"L M\u00fcller","year":"2023","unstructured":"M\u00fcller L, Gairing SJ, Foerster F, Weinmann A, Mittler J, Stoehr F, et al. Portal hypertension in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and immunotherapy: prognostic relevance of CT-morphologic estimates. Cancer Imaging. 2023;23(1):40.","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"4292_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-016-1953-z","volume":"66","author":"KR Jordan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jordan KR, Kapoor P, Spongberg E, Tobin RP, Gao D, Borges VF, et al. Immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells are increased in splenocytes from cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2017;66(4):503\u201313.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"issue":"5","key":"4292_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.010","volume":"39","author":"V Bronte","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bronte V, Pittet MJ. The spleen in local and systemic regulation of immunity. Immunity. 2013;39(5):806\u201318.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"7854","key":"4292_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03362-0","volume":"592","author":"D Pfister","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pfister D, N\u00fa\u00f1ez NG, Pinyol R, Govaere O, Pinter M, Szydlowska M, et al. NASH limits anti-tumour surveillance in immunotherapy-treated HCC. Nature. 2021;592(7854):450\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"4292_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1159\/000534127","volume":"13","author":"M Iavarone","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iavarone M, Alimenti E, Tada T, Shimose S, Suda G, Yoo C, et al. Incidence and predictors of esophagogastric varices bleeding in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in lenvatinib. Liver Cancer. 2024;13(2):215\u201326.","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"4292_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13531","volume":"50","author":"H Hidaka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hidaka H, Uojima H, Nakazawa T, Shao X, Hara Y, Iwasaki S, et al. Portal hemodynamic effects of lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective cohort study. Hepatol Res. 2020;50(9):1083\u201390.","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"4292_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14977","volume":"41","author":"M Allaire","year":"2021","unstructured":"Allaire M, Rudler M, Thabut D. Portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma: Des liaisons dangereuses\u2026. Liver Int. 2021;41(8):1734\u201343.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4292_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.001","volume":"144","author":"A Berzigotti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berzigotti A, Seijo S, Arena U, Abraldes JG, Vizzutti F, Garc\u00eda-Pag\u00e1n JC, et al. Elastography, spleen size, and platelet count identify portal hypertension in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(1):102-111.e1.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"11","key":"4292_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100575","volume":"4","author":"Q Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu Q, Xu C, Li Q, Ding Z, Lv Y, Liu C, et al. Spleen volume-based non-invasive tool for predicting hepatic decompensation in people with compensated cirrhosis (CHESS1701). JHEP Rep. 2022;4(11):100575.","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"4292_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93397","author":"F Sato-Kaneko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sato-Kaneko F, Yao S, Ahmadi A, Zhang SS, Hosoya T, Kaneda MM, et al. Combination immunotherapy with TLR agonists and checkpoint inhibitors suppresses head and neck cancer. JCI Insight.\u00a02017 Sep 21;2(18):e93397.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"1","key":"4292_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0551-y","volume":"7","author":"KM Knudson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Knudson KM, Hicks KC, Alter S, Schlom J, Gameiro SR. Mechanisms involved in IL-15 superagonist enhancement of anti-PD-L1 therapy. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7(1):82.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"15","key":"4292_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-4083","volume":"25","author":"C Ji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ji C, Roy MD, Golas J, Vitsky A, Ram S, Kumpf SW, et al. Myocarditis in cynomolgus monkeys following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(15):4735\u201348.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4292_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07313-7","volume":"31","author":"JS Bae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bae JS, Lee DH, Yoo J, Yi NJ, Lee KW, Suh KS, et al. Association between spleen volume and the post-hepatectomy liver failure and overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after resection. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(4):2461\u201371.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Translational Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04292-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04292-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04292-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:04:58Z","timestamp":1787396698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04292-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["4292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04292-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1699-3055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1699-3055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Approval No. II2025-291-01) and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}