{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T16:09:53Z","timestamp":1783958993425,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82460527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82460527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Transl Oncol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-026-04488-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:50:23Z","timestamp":1783957823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanoparticle radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy: bridging preclinical promise and clinical reality"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Zhengeri","family":"Piao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6573-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengri","family":"Piao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songnan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"4488_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6276","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17275","volume":"51","author":"S Jayarathna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jayarathna S, Kaphle A, Krishnan S, Cho SH. Nanoscale gold nanoparticle (GNP)-laden tumor cell model and its use for estimation of intracellular dose from GNP-induced secondary electrons. Med Phys. 2024;51(9):6276\u201391.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"4488_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2025.111745","volume":"220","author":"LF Araujo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Araujo LF, Fonseca TCF. In silico Monte Carlo with novel particle tagging: assessing gold radiosensitivity in voxelized scenario of brachytherapy. Appl Radiat Isot. 2025;220:111745.","journal-title":"Appl Radiat Isot"},{"key":"4488_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145551","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1145551","volume":"14","author":"H Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen H, Huang H, Jiang Z. Nanoparticle-based radiosensitization strategies for improving radiation therapy. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1145551.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4488_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S436160","volume":"19","author":"X Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang X, Jiang X, Wu D, Xie W, Liu X, Zheng J. A pH-sensitive nanoparticle as reactive oxygen species amplifier to regulate tumor microenvironment and potentiate tumor radiotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine. 2024;19:709\u201325.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"4488_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15040317","volume":"15","author":"VK Nguyen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nguyen VK, Tsai SW, Cho IC, et al. Gold nanoparticle-enhanced production of reactive oxygen species for radiotherapy and phototherapy. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025;15(4):317.","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4488_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10030504","volume":"10","author":"H Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun H, Wang X, Zhai S. The rational design and biological mechanisms of nanoradiosensitizers. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020;10(3):504.","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"4488_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-024-02301-y","volume":"201","author":"M Mostafavi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mostafavi M, Ghazi F, Mehrabifard M, et al. State-of-the-art application of nanoparticles in radiotherapy: a platform for synergistic effects in cancer treatment. Strahlenther Onkol. 2025;201(6):577\u201388.","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"issue":"41","key":"4488_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415102","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/aba02b","volume":"31","author":"S \u00d6z\u00e7elik","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00d6z\u00e7elik S, Pratx G. Nuclear-targeted gold nanoparticles enhance cancer cell radiosensitization. Nanotech. 2020;31(41):415102.","journal-title":"Nanotech"},{"issue":"21","key":"4488_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202206370","volume":"35","author":"W Zhen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhen W, Weichselbaum RR, Lin W. Nanoparticle-mediated radiotherapy remodels the tumor microenvironment to enhance antitumor efficacy. Adv Mater. 2023;35(21):e2206370.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"issue":"1","key":"4488_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02366-y","volume":"24","author":"Q Zeng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zeng Q, Liu M, Wang Z, Zhou R, Ai K. Enhancing radiotherapy-induced anti-tumor immunity via nanoparticle-mediated STING agonist synergy. Mol Cancer. 2025;24(1):176.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"issue":"23","key":"4488_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8245","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NR01500E","volume":"14","author":"S Wen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wen S, Ovais M, Li X, et al. Tailoring bismuth-based nanoparticles for enhanced radiosensitivity in cancer therapy. Nanoscale. 2022;14(23):8245\u201354.","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"40","key":"4488_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53474","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c09825","volume":"16","author":"D Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu D, Li W, Tan J, et al. STING agonist delivered by neutrophil membrane-coated gold nanoparticles exerts synergistic tumor inhibition with radiotherapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024;16(40):53474\u201388.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"6","key":"4488_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14872","volume":"48","author":"M Huynh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huynh M, Kempson I, Bezak E, Phillips W. Predictive modeling of hypoxic head and neck cancers during fractionated radiotherapy with gold nanoparticle radiosensitization. Med Phys. 2021;48(6):3120\u201333.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"12","key":"4488_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5195","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45017","volume":"10","author":"Y Ding","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ding Y, Sun Z, Tong Z, et al. Tumor microenvironment-responsive multifunctional peptide coated ultrasmall gold nanoparticles and their application in cancer radiotherapy. Theranostics. 2020;10(12):5195\u2013208.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"4488_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281645","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1281645","volume":"2020","author":"M Kashin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kashin M, Kakei Y, Teraoka S, et al. Gold nanoparticles enhance EGFR inhibition and irradiation effects in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:1281645.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"4488_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.06.041","volume":"131","author":"J Xue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xue J, Duosiken D, Zhong S, et al. The dependence of radio-sensitization efficiency on mitochondrial targeting with NaGdF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles. Acta Biomater. 2021;131:508\u201318.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"11","key":"4488_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202401551","volume":"20","author":"C Fu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fu C, Tan L, Wu Q, et al. The time-course effect of biodistribution and degradation of gold shell nanoparticles after repeated intravenous exposure. Chem Asian J. 2025;20(11):e202401551.","journal-title":"Chem Asian J"},{"issue":"7","key":"4488_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11071702","volume":"11","author":"K Kozics","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kozics K, Sramkova M, Kopecka K, et al. Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and biosafety of PEGylated gold nanoparticles in vivo. Nanomaterials. 2021;11(7):1702.","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"11","key":"4488_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13111793","volume":"13","author":"C Gomez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gomez C, Hallot G, Laurent S, Port M. Medical applications of metallic bismuth nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(11):1793.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4488_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1801","volume":"14","author":"H Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu H, Guo H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang L. Bismuth nanomaterials as contrast agents for radiography and computed tomography imaging and their quality\/safety considerations. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2022;14(6):e1801.","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4488_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7079","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S250001","volume":"15","author":"S Badrigilan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Badrigilan S, Heydarpanahi F, Choupani J, et al. A review on the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of bismuth-based nanomaterials. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:7079\u201396.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"4488_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30326-2","volume":"20","author":"S Bonvalot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bonvalot S, Rutkowski PL, Thariat J, et al. NBTXR3, a first-in-class radioenhancer hafnium oxide nanoparticle, plus radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in patients with locally advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (Act.In.Sarc): a multicentre, phase 2-3, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(8):1148\u201359.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"4488_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2019.01.005","volume":"138","author":"SM Dadfar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dadfar SM, Roemhild K, Drude NI, et al. Iron oxide nanoparticles: diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019;138:302\u201325.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4488_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010273","volume":"21","author":"F Boateng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boateng F, Ngwa W. Delivery of nanoparticle-based radiosensitizers for radiotherapy applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;21(1):273.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4488_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2020.126505","volume":"61","author":"HM Fahmy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fahmy HM, Ali OA, Hassan AA, Mohamed MA. Biodistribution and toxicity assessment of copper nanoparticles in the rat brain. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2020;61:126505.","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"4488_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.impact.2021.100310","volume":"22","author":"Z Ferdous","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferdous Z, Al-Salam S, Yuvaraju P, Ali BH, Nemmar A. Remote effects and biodistribution of pulmonary instilled silver nanoparticles in mice. NanoImpact. 2021;22:100310.","journal-title":"NanoImpact"},{"issue":"7","key":"4488_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-023-05838-4","volume":"190","author":"F Yao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yao F, Zhu P, Chen J, et al. Synthesis of nanoparticles via microfluidic devices and integrated applications. Mikrochim Acta. 2023;190(7):256.","journal-title":"Mikrochim Acta"},{"key":"4488_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14102036","author":"G Katona","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katona G, Sipos B, Cs\u00f3ka I. Risk-assessment-based optimization favours the development of albumin nanoparticles with proper characteristics prior to drug loading. Pharmaceutics. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics14102036.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4488_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c12963","volume":"19","author":"A Mancoo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mancoo A, Silva M, Lopes C, et al. Toward resolving heterogeneous mixtures of nanocarriers in drug delivery systems through light scattering and machine learning. ACS Nano. 2025;19(2):2388\u2013404.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"11","key":"4488_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13111928","volume":"13","author":"H Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park H, Kim JS, Kim S, Ha ES, Kim MS, Hwang SJ. Pharmaceutical applications of supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions for micro-\/nanoparticle formation. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(11):1928.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Translational Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04488-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04488-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04488-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:50:24Z","timestamp":1783957824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04488-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["4488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04488-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1699-3055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1699-3055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}