{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T01:16:16Z","timestamp":1788138976797,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University-The Open Fund of Key Laboratory","award":["2023NYFYSYS008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NYFYSYS008"]}]},{"name":"the Open Funds for Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases","award":["2024-KFMS-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-KFMS-2"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation Project of Gansu Province","award":["25JRRA610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JRRA610"]}]},{"name":"the Open Funds for Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province","award":["GSKFKT-2504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSKFKT-2504"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Province Health and Wellness Industry Research Project","award":["GSWSKY2025-42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSWSKY2025-42"]}]},{"name":"the Key Incubation Project Funds of the second hospital & clinical medical school, lanzhou university","award":["2025-25-zdfy-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-25-zdfy-026"]}]},{"name":"the Cuiying Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Lanzhou University Second Hospital","award":["CY2023-QN-B12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CY2023-QN-B12"]}]},{"name":"the Cuiying Scientific Training Program for Undergraduates of Lanzhou University Second Hospital","award":["CYXZ2025-27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYXZ2025-27"]}]},{"name":"the Cuiying Scientific Training Program for Undergraduates of Lanzhou University Second Hospital","award":["CYXZPT2026-72"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYXZPT2026-72"]}]},{"name":"the Key Incubation Project Funds of the second hospital & clinical medical school, lanzhou university","award":["2025-22-zdfy-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-22-zdfy-005"]}]},{"name":"the Key Incubation Project Funds of the second hospital & clinical medical school, lanzhou university","award":["2025-24-zdfy-019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-24-zdfy-019"]}]},{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientifc Research Project of Gansu Province, China","award":["GZKP-2023-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZKP-2023-36"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Transl Oncol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-026-04536-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T12:55:11Z","timestamp":1788094511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sanguinarine chloride exerts its antitumor effects on enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting senescence via targeting AR signaling"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3744-2795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanlan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beitang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuewu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yabing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4536_CR1","first-page":"229","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;74(3):229\u201363.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"4536_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002108","volume":"135","author":"C Xia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xia C, Dong X, Li H, et al. Cancer statistics in China and United States, 2022: profiles, trends, and determinants. Chin Med J (Engl). 2022;135(5):584\u201390.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"11","key":"4536_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.36697","volume":"11","author":"W Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu W, Zhou L. Early diagnosis of prostate cancer from the perspective of Chinese physicians. J Cancer. 2020;11(11):3264\u201373.","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"4536_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2025.101181","volume":"66","author":"MM Tsamouri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tsamouri MM, Libertini SJ, Siddiqui S, et al. Alteration in expression and subcellular localization of the androgen receptor- regulated FAM111A protease is associated with emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Neoplasia. 2025;66:101181.","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"4536_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZHANG Y, MING A, WANG J, et al. PROTACs targeting androgen receptor signaling: Potential therapeutic agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Pharmacol Res, 2024, 205(107234.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107234"},{"issue":"4","key":"4536_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-020-00386-4","volume":"33","author":"AB Nolsoe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nolsoe AB, Jensen CFS, Ostergren PB, et al. Neglected side effects to curative prostate cancer treatments. Int J Impot Res. 2021;33(4):428\u201338.","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"4536_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JIANG H, ZENG Y, NING W, et al. Ketogenesis instigates immune suppression in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer via OTUD7B beta-hydroxybutyrylation. Cancer Lett, 2025, 625(217808.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2025.217808"},{"key":"4536_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GAO Z, XIONG Z, TAO Y, et al. LGR5 interacts with HSP90AB1 to mediate enzalutamide resistance by activating the WNT\/beta-catenin\/AR axis in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl), 2025,","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003538"},{"issue":"4","key":"4536_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-1965","volume":"81","author":"L Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao L, Zhang W, Zhang J, et al. KIF15-mediated stabilization of AR and AR-V7 contributes to enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2021;81(4):1026\u201339.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"4536_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2020.151108","volume":"99","author":"NS Mohamad Kamal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohamad Kamal NS, Safuan S, Shamsuddin S, et al. Aging of the cells: insight into cellular senescence and detection methods. Eur J Cell Biol. 2020;99(6):151108.","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4536_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.005","volume":"179","author":"V Gorgoulis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gorgoulis V, Adams PD, Alimonti A, et al. Cellular senescence: defining a path forward. Cell. 2019;179(4):813\u201327.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4536_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MARMISOLLE I, CHACON E, MANSILLA S, et al. Oncogene-induced senescence mitochondrial metabolism and bioenergetics drive the secretory phenotype: further characterization and comparison with other senescence-inducing stimuli. Redox Biol, 2025, 82(103606.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103606"},{"issue":"1","key":"4536_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07651-8","volume":"16","author":"C Schwarzenbach","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schwarzenbach C, Rinke J, Vilar JB, et al. Therapy-induced senescence of glioblastoma cells is determined by the p21(CIP1)-CDK1\/2 axis and does not require activation of DREAM. Cell Death Dis. 2025;16(1):357.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"4536_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-04060-w","volume":"74","author":"P Engels","year":"2025","unstructured":"Engels P, Szolek A, Horner S, et al. Actionable heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma therapy-induced senescence. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2025;74(7):207.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"4536_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.01.029","volume":"379","author":"Z Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo Z, Zhang Y, Gong Y, et al. Antibody functionalized curcuma-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with doxorubicin overcome therapy-induced senescence and enhance chemotherapy. J Control Release. 2025;379:377\u201389.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"4536_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11091485","author":"S Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan S, Lin S, Chen K, et al. Natural product library screens identify sanguinarine chloride as a potent inhibitor of telomerase expression and activity. Cells. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11091485.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"4536_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2022.101345","volume":"17","author":"M Zhong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhong M, Li X, Zhao F, et al. Natural compound library screening identifies sanguinarine chloride for the treatment of SCLC by upregulating CDKN1A. Transl Oncol. 2022;17:101345.","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4536_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-024-00881-6","volume":"19","author":"S Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu S, Tao Y, Wu S, et al. Sanguinarine chloride induces ferroptosis by regulating ROS\/BACH1\/HMOX1 signaling pathway in prostate cancer. Chin Med. 2024;19(1):7.","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"4536_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202500258RR","volume":"39","author":"Y Tao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tao Y, Fu S, Lu J, et al. Salvianolic acid B attenuates ferroptosis in acute kidney injury by targeting PRDX5. FASEB J. 2025;39(14):e70803.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"4536_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911845","author":"V Marrella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marrella V, Facoetti A, Cassani B. Cellular senescence in immunity against infections. Int J Mol Sci. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231911845.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4536_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14080608","author":"S Alqahtani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alqahtani S, Alqahtani T, Venkatesan K, et al. SASP modulation for cellular rejuvenation and tissue homeostasis: therapeutic strategies and molecular insights. Cells. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14080608.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"4536_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-024-01016-7","volume":"46","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Braden A, Khan S, et al. Crosstalk between the DNA damage response and cellular senescence drives aging and age-related diseases. Semin Immunopathol. 2024;46(3\u20134):10.","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"14","key":"4536_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9972","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c00880","volume":"66","author":"A Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang A, Luo X, Meng X, et al. Discovery of a Novel Bifunctional Steroid Analog, YXG-158, as an Androgen Receptor Degrader and CYP17A1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem. 2023;66(14):9972\u201391.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"4536_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00594","volume":"9","author":"R Bleach","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bleach R, Mcilroy M. The divergent function of androgen receptor in breast cancer; analysis of steroid mediators and tumor intracrinology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:594.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"13","key":"4536_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8772","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c00716","volume":"65","author":"W Xiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiang W, Wang S. Therapeutic Strategies to Target the Androgen Receptor. J Med Chem. 2022;65(13):8772\u201397.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"4536_CR26","first-page":"1207","volume":"40","author":"L Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao L, Zhou S, Gustafsson JA. Nuclear receptors: recent drug discovery for cancer therapies. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(5):1207\u201349.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"14","key":"4536_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2012.08.010","volume":"19","author":"SY Eid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eid SY, El-Readi MZ, Wink M. Synergism of three-drug combinations of sanguinarine and other plant secondary metabolites with digitonin and doxorubicin in multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Phytomedicine. 2012;19(14):1288\u201397.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"4536_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2004.08.008","volume":"41","author":"KM Anderson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anderson KM, Stoner GD, Fields HW, et al. Immunohistochemical assessment of Viadent-associated leukoplakia. Oral Oncol. 2005;41(2):200\u20137.","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4536_CR29","first-page":"923","volume":"12","author":"L Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang L, Zhao H, Yin X, et al. Exploring cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer through integrated bioinformatics approach and overcoming chemoresistance with sanguinarine [J]. Am J Transl Res. 2020;12(3):923\u201339.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4536_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.13621","volume":"95","author":"R Sarkhosh-Inanlou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarkhosh-Inanlou R, Molaparast M, Mohammadzadeh A, et al. Sanguinarine enhances cisplatin sensitivity via glutathione depletion in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer (A2780) cells. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2020;95(2):215\u201323.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Drug Des"},{"key":"4536_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00136","volume":"9","author":"MEM Saeed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saeed MEM, Mahmoud N, Sugimoto Y, et al. Molecular determinants of sensitivity or resistance of cancer cells toward sanguinarine. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:136.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4536_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135583","volume":"478","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Gao H, Chen X, et al. Identification of sanguinarine as a novel antagonist for perfluorooctanoate\/perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced senescence of hepatocytes: an integrated computational and experimental analysis. J Hazard Mater. 2024;478:135583.","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"2","key":"4536_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00751-y","volume":"23","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Simon M, Seluanov A, et al. DNA damage and repair in age-related inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2023;23(2):75\u201389.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"4536_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05846.x","volume":"1215","author":"HY Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin HY, Tang HY, Davis FB, et al. Resveratrol and apoptosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1215:79\u201388.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"4536_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557520666200331072122","volume":"20","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wu M, Xu Y, et al. Secretory clusterin: a promising target for chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2020;20(12):1153\u201365.","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4536_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-0860","volume":"7","author":"JS Brown","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brown JS, O\u2019carrigan B, Jackson SP, et al. Targeting DNA repair in cancer: beyond PARP inhibitors. Cancer Discov. 2017;7(1):20\u201337.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"12","key":"4536_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-12-04727.1999","volume":"19","author":"DA Shackelford","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shackelford DA, Tobaru T, Zhang S, et al. Changes in expression of the DNA repair protein complex DNA-dependent protein kinase after ischemia and reperfusion. J Neurosci. 1999;19(12):4727\u201338.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4536_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2025.111750","author":"S Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu S, Fu S, Wu X, et al. TAK-901, a novel EPHA2 inhibitor as a therapeutic strategy against prostate cancer. Cell Signal. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellsig.2025.111750.","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"issue":"5","key":"4536_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.89","volume":"12","author":"S Koochekpour","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koochekpour S. Androgen receptor signaling and mutations in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl. 2010;12(5):639\u201357.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"7","key":"4536_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05084-1","volume":"13","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zhou Q, Hankey W, et al. Second generation androgen receptor antagonists and challenges in prostate cancer treatment. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13(7):632.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"4536_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-016-0759-3","volume":"33","author":"L Graham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Graham L, Schweizer MT. Targeting persistent androgen receptor signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Med Oncol. 2016;33(5):44.","journal-title":"Med Oncol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Translational Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04536-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04536-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04536-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T01:03:05Z","timestamp":1788138185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04536-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["4536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04536-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1699-3055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1699-3055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Animal handling and treatment strategies including experiments were carried out according to the standard guidelines of the Ethics Committee of Lanzhou University Second Hospital. Animal usage protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of Lanzhou University Second Hospital (D2023-452).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}