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All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was waived by the ethics committees due to the retrospective nature of the study. This study represents a multidisciplinary collaboration that integrates clinical expertise and advanced computational methodologies. Dr. Wang, a clinician specializing in oncology, contributed to the clinical study design, data interpretation, and validation of the clinical relevance of the findings. Prof. Yao, a computer scientist specializing in artificial intelligence and medical imaging, was responsible for the development, optimization, and implementation of the computational models used in this research. Given the complementary expertise and equal intellectual contributions of both authors in their respective fields, they are designated as co-corresponding authors to appropriately reflect their shared leadership in this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}