{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:49:49Z","timestamp":1792144189288,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Transl Oncol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-026-04586-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:33:42Z","timestamp":1792143222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic signatures of lung cancer: association and biomarker potential of EGFR, KRAS, and HER2 polymorphisms"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Timothy C.","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nida","family":"Qasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7598-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kashif","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rimsha","family":"Adnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sadullayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tashbaev","family":"Sherzodbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usamah","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4586_CR1","volume":"76","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2026","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Kratzer TB, Wagle NS, Sung H, Jemal A. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;76(1):e70043.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"4586_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyae238","volume":"30","author":"Y Kwak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kwak Y, Kim TY, Nam SK, Hwang HJ, Han D, Oh HJ, et al. Clinicopathologic and molecular characterization of stages II-IV gastric cancer with Claudin 18.2 expression. Oncologist. 2025;30(2):oyae238.","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"4586_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0175-2024","author":"F Minervini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Minervini F, Lampridis S, Kestenholz P, Pardo E, Crommelinck J, Putora PM, et al. The impact of smoking on lung cancer patients. Eur Respir Rev. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0175-2024.","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4586_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2454319","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.54319","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Angley M, Lu L, Smith BJ, Grobman W, Wylie BJ, et al. Radon exposure and gestational diabetes. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(1):e2454319.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"4586_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2024.108198","volume":"171","author":"H Gong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gong H, Liu Z, Yuan C, Luo Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, et al. Identification of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs with the significance in prognosis and immunotherapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Comput Biol Med. 2024;171:108198.","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4586_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-025-00801-x","volume":"203","author":"H Jeon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jeon H, Wang S, Song J, Gill H, Cheng H. Update 2025: management of non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung. 2025;203(1):53.","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"1","key":"4586_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2026.2635297","volume":"29","author":"M Gambhir","year":"2026","unstructured":"Gambhir M, Subash V, Alexander D, Hughes R, Fox A, Gokhale S. The indirect economic burden caused by premature mortality from lung cancer in Asia-Pacific countries; years of life lost and productivity costs. J Med Econ. 2026;29(1):726\u201339.","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"4586_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2026.2624212","volume":"58","author":"H Wang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wang H, Qin X, Zhang XE, Wang N, Wu Z, Xiao Z. Geographic disparities and health inequality evolution in the disease burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer in Asia: a 33-year longitudinal analysis and future projections. Ann Med. 2026;58(1):2624212.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4586_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2021.3059046","volume":"19","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Xiang J, Wu FX, Li M. A dual ranking algorithm based on the multiplex network for heterogeneous complex disease analysis. IEEE ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform. 2021;19(4):1993\u20132002.","journal-title":"IEEE ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform"},{"issue":"10","key":"4586_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0418","volume":"19","author":"Z Mo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mo Z, Xin J, Chai R, Woo PY, Chan DT, Wang J. Epidemiological characteristics and genetic alterations in adult diffuse glioma in East Asian populations. Cancer Biol Med. 2022;19(10):1440\u201359.","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4586_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16020245","volume":"16","author":"PM Chen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chen PM, Huang YH, Li CY. Lung cancer in never-smokers: risk factors, driver mutations, and therapeutic advances. Diagnostics (Basel). 2026;16(2):245.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"4586_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359241231260","volume":"16","author":"JC Laguna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Laguna JC, Garcia-Pardo M, Alessi J, Barrios C, Singh N, Al-Shamsi HO, et al. Geographic differences in lung cancer: focus on carcinogens, genetic predisposition, and molecular epidemiology. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2024;16:17588359241231260.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4586_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.2174\/1574893615999200505074805","volume":"15","author":"B He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He B, Yang J, Tian G, Bing P, Lang J. Detecting tyms tandem repeat polymorphism by the pssd method based on next-generation sequencing. Curr Bioinform. 2020;15(10):1153\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Bioinform"},{"issue":"4","key":"4586_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-025-10289-9","volume":"44","author":"J Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao J, Li M, Niu L, Zhao Y, Song X. Lung cancer in non-smoking women (LCINSW): from risk factors to precision therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2025;44(4):74.","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4586_CR15","first-page":"33","volume":"30","author":"MW Afzal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Afzal MW, Shehzad M, Riaz MW, Atif M, Muzammil M. Lung luminescence: unravelling the tapestry of cancer cases by Bronchoscopic biopsies in tertiary care hospital. Pak J Chest Med. 2024;30(1):33\u20139.","journal-title":"Pak J Chest Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4586_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.24057\/2071-9388-2025-3568","volume":"18","author":"M Fatima","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fatima M, Butt I, Firouraghi N, Kiani B. Exploring geospatial clusters of five primary respiratory diseases in South Punjab, Pakistan: an epidemiological examination. Geogr, Environ, Sustain. 2025;18(1):14\u201322.","journal-title":"Geogr, Environ, Sustain"},{"issue":"1","key":"4586_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-021-00563-1","volume":"26","author":"B Melosky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Melosky B, Kambartel K, Haentschel M, Bennetts M, Nickens DJ, Brinkmann J, et al. Worldwide prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Diagn Ther. 2022;26(1):7\u201318.","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"key":"4586_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2021.08.001","volume":"198","author":"XY Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li XY, Xiang J, Wu FX, Li M. NetAUC: a network-based multi-biomarker identification method by AUC optimization. Methods. 2022;198:56\u201364.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"4586_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14051321","volume":"14","author":"D Reita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reita D, Pabst L, Pencreach E, Gu\u00e9rin E, Dano L, Rimelen V, et al. Direct targeting KRAS mutation in non-small cell lung cancer: focus on resistance. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(5):1321.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4586_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-1943","volume":"28","author":"Y Jin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jin Y, Chen Y, Tang H, Hu X, Hubert SM, Li Q, et al. Activation of PI3K\/AKT pathway is a potential mechanism of treatment resistance in small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2022;28(3):526\u201339.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4586_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2024.24.e3","volume":"24","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L, Yu Q, Xiao J, Chen Q, Fang M, Zhao H. Cigarette smoke extract-treated mouse airway epithelial cells-derived exosomal LncRNA MEG3 promotes M1 macrophage polarization and pyroptosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by upregulating TREM-1 via m6A methylation. Immune Netw. 2024;24(2):e3.","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"issue":"1","key":"4586_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-026-12952-0","volume":"26","author":"Z Deng","year":"2026","unstructured":"Deng Z, Fu W, Chen F, Jin Y, Shu Q, Zhao X, et al. Association between low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole blood concentration and clinical outcomes in non-HIV patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2026;26(1):725.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"4586_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00798-3","volume":"20","author":"A Leiter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leiter A, Veluswamy RR, Wisnivesky JP. The global burden of lung cancer: current status and future trends. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023;20(9):624\u201339.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4586_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00444-8","volume":"24","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Vaccarella S, Morgan E, Li M, Etxeberria J, Chokunonga E, et al. Global variations in lung cancer incidence by histological subtype in 2020: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2020;24(11):1206\u201318.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4586_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-03323-3","volume":"16","author":"J Zeng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zeng J, Shi D, He D, Dong W, Yang Z, Chen Y. Comorbidity of hypertension and lung cancer: interplay of genetics and environment. Discov Oncol. 2025;16(1):1548.","journal-title":"Discov Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4586_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02324-8","volume":"53","author":"HH Zhuang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhuang HH, Qu Q, Long WM, Hu Q, Wu XL, Chen Y, et al. Ceftazidime\/avibactam versus polymyxin B in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections: a propensity score-matched multicenter real-world study. Infection. 2025;53(1):95\u2013106.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"4586_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh D, Taneja A. Assessment of risk factors of lung cancer in non-smokers in india. In: 2022 7th International Conference on intelligent informatics and biomedical science (ICIIBMS). vol. 7. IEEE.; 2022. p. 7\u201312","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIIBMS55689.2022.10004897"},{"issue":"5","key":"4586_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-022-04266-z","volume":"195","author":"LC Dharshini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dharshini LC, Rasmi RR, Kathirvelan C, Kumar KM, Saradhadevi KM, Sakthivel KM. Regulatory components of oxidative stress and inflammation and their complex interplay in carcinogenesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2023;195(5):2893\u2013916.","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4586_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15102836","volume":"15","author":"M Cani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cani M, Turco F, Buttice S, Vogl UM, Buttigliero C, Novello S, et al. How does environmental and occupational exposure contribute to carcinogenesis in genitourinary and lung cancers? Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(10):2836.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"4586_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108928","volume":"190","author":"W Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma W, Xu L, Wang Y, Chen S, Li D, Huo X, et al. PiR-27222 mediates PM2.5-induced lung cancer by resisting cell PANoptosis through the WTAP\/m6A axis. Environ Int. 2024;190:108928.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"202","key":"4586_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.24976\/Discov.Med.202537202.220","volume":"37","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Xie L. AURKA knockdown induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299 by regulating mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species. Discov Med. 2025;37(202):2624\u201336.","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"4586_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.149128","author":"J Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu J, Wang Y, Huang Q, Liu Z. Pan-cancer analysis identifies adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G6 as a potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker with its functional validation. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.149128.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4586_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu J, Wang Y, Huang Q, Liu Z. Pan-cancer analysis identifies adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G6 as a potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker with its functional validation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2025Nov;19: 149128.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.149128"},{"issue":"10","key":"4586_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2023.05.024","volume":"18","author":"CD Berg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berg CD, Schiller JH, Boffetta P, Cai J, Connolly C, Kerpel-Fronius A, et al. Air pollution and lung cancer: a review by international association for the study of lung cancer early detection and screening committee. J Thorac Oncol. 2023;18(10):1277\u201389.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4586_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052638","volume":"19","author":"ER Carnegie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carnegie ER, Inglis G, Taylor A, Bak-Klimek A, Okoye O. Is population density associated with non-communicable disease in western developed countries? A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(5):2638.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"4586_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320251316731","volume":"39","author":"M Fakhkhari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fakhkhari M, Salih I, Errafii K, Hamdi S, Sadki K. Meta-analysis of EGFR gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2025;39:03946320251316731.","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4586_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.041","volume":"187","author":"A Passaro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Passaro A, Al Bakir M, Hamilton EG, Diehn M, Andr\u00e9 F, Roy-Chowdhuri S, et al. Cancer biomarkers: emerging trends and clinical implications for personalized treatment. Cell. 2024;187(7):1617\u201335.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"4586_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1159\/000545831","volume":"11","author":"N Chaiyagot","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chaiyagot N, Silsirivanit A, Cha\u2019on U, Jusakul A, Techasen A, Nahok K, et al. Exploring kidney injury molecule-1 and HAVCR1 polymorphisms as predictive biomarkers in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Dis. 2025;11(1):342\u201355.","journal-title":"Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"4586_CR39","first-page":"567","volume":"12","author":"LK Rajendran","year":"2026","unstructured":"Rajendran LK. Integrated prognostic modeling of tumor stage, multimodal therapy, and functional status in lung cancer survival: a real-world cohort study. Sci Cult. 2026;12(5):567\u201376.","journal-title":"Sci Cult"},{"key":"4586_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53388\/2025825002","volume":"8","author":"H Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu H, Ren S, Wang Y, Zhang T, Lu J. Abnormal activation of the Ras\/MAPK signaling pathway in oncogenesis and progression. Cancer Adv. 2025;8:e25002.","journal-title":"Cancer Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"4586_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032651","volume":"24","author":"T Zubair","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zubair T, Bandyopadhyay D. Small molecule EGFR inhibitors as anti-cancer agents: discovery, mechanisms of action, and opportunities. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(3):2651.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"23","key":"4586_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315056","volume":"23","author":"J Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu J, Lin Z. Non-small cell lung cancer targeted therapy: drugs and mechanisms of drug resistance. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(23):15056.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"4586_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11142183","volume":"11","author":"A Ferreira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferreira A, Pereira F, Reis C, Oliveira MJ, Sousa MJ, Preto A. Crucial role of oncogenic KRAS mutations in apoptosis and autophagy regulation: therapeutic implications. Cells. 2022;11(14):2183.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"4586_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33003","author":"V Dewarajan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dewarajan V, Elsayed N, Foo JB, Tor YS, Low SS, Chai WS. Immunomodulatory gene polymorphisms in non-small cell lung carcinoma susceptibility and survival. Heliyon. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33003.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"17","key":"4586_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174155","volume":"14","author":"NF Uy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uy NF, Merkhofer CM, Baik CS. HER2 in non-small cell lung cancer: a review of emerging therapies. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(17):4155.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"16","key":"4586_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16162882","volume":"16","author":"A Rina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rina A, Maffeo D, Minnai F, Esposito M, Palmieri M, Serio VB, et al. The genetic analysis and clinical therapy in lung cancer: current advances and future directions. Cancers (Basel). 2024;16(16):2882.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Translational Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04586-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04586-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04586-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:33:44Z","timestamp":1792143224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04586-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["4586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12094-026-04586-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1699-3055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1699-3055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Review Committee (ERC), the Department of Biological Sciences, Superior University, letter no. No. SUS\/BIO-SGD\/319 dated 14 March 2024. The approval from ERC included gathering of biological specimens, the extraction and storage of genomic DNA, and the genetic analysis of the study participants. Before the collection of blood samples, the consent form was signed by each patient.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"AI-assisted technology  for language and grammar editing\u00a0was used.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technology","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No third-party services or persons\u00a0were involved in the research or manuscript preparation.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Third-party involvement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}