{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:42:21Z","timestamp":1790214141811,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-008-0119-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,30]],"date-time":"2008-08-30T14:35:33Z","timestamp":1220106933000},"page":"621-627","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Probiotic use in the critically ILL"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Sunit C.","family":"Singhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Baranwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"119_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1126\/science.147.3659.747","volume":"147","author":"D.M. Lilly","year":"1965","unstructured":"Lilly DM, Stillwell RH. Probiotics: growth promoting factors produced by micro-organisms. Science 1965; 147: 747\u2013748.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"119_CR2","unstructured":"Joint FAO\/WHO Working Group. Guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food. London, Ontario, Canada. 2002."},{"key":"119_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12489-0","volume":"361","author":"F. Guarner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Guarner F, Malagelada JR. Gut Flora in health and disease. Lancet 2003; 361: 512\u2013519.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"119_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02379.x","volume":"35","author":"M.C. Noverr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Noverr MC, Huffnagle GB. The \u2018microflora hypothesis\u2019 of allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35: 1511\u20131520.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"119_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2001.01656.x","volume":"88","author":"G.C. O\u2019sullivan","year":"2001","unstructured":"O\u2019sullivan GC. Probiotics. Br J Surg 2001; 88: 161\u2013162.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"119_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90595-9","volume":"106","author":"W.L. Frankel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Frankel WL, Zhang W, Singh A et al. Mediation of the trophic effects of short-chain fatty acids on the rat jejunum and colon. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 375\u2013380.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"119_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1995.tb01535.x","volume":"53","author":"M.B. Roberfroid","year":"1995","unstructured":"Roberfroid MB, Bornet F, Bouley C, Cummings JH. Colonic microflora: nutrition and health: summary and conclusions of an International Life Sciences Institute (Europe) workshop held in Barcelona, Spain. Nutr Rev 1995; 53: 127\u2013130.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"119_CR8","first-page":"915","volume":"89","author":"J.M. Conly","year":"1994","unstructured":"Conly JM, Stein K, Worobetz L, Rutledge-Harding S. The contribution of vitamin K2 (metaquinones) produced by the intestinal microflora to human nutritional requirements for vitamin K. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 915\u2013923.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"119_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001430","volume":"86","author":"H. Younes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Younes H, Coudray C, Bellanger J et al. Effects of two fermentable carbohydrates (inulin and resistant starch) and their combination on calcium and magnesium balance in rats. Br J Nutr 2001; 86: 479\u2013485.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"119_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13449.x","volume":"172","author":"P.P. Freestone","year":"1991","unstructured":"Freestone PP, Haigh RD, Williams PH et al. Stimulation of bacterial growth by heat-stable, norepinephrine-induced autoinducers. FEMS Micobiol Lett 1991; 172: 53\u201360.","journal-title":"FEMS Micobiol Lett"},{"key":"119_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000045576.55937.67","volume":"31","author":"J.C. Alverdy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alverdy JC, Laughlin RS, Wu L. Influence of the critically ill state on host-pathogen interactions within the intestine: Gutderived sepsis redefined. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 598\u2013607.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"119_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900048","volume":"20","author":"X. Wang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wang X, Andersson R, Soltesz V et al. Gut origin sepsis, macrophage function, and oxygen extraction associated with acute pancreatitis in the rat. World J Surg 1996; 20: 299\u2013307.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"119_CR13","first-page":"307","volume":"92","author":"D.J.W. Knight","year":"2004","unstructured":"Knight DJW, Ala\u2019 Aldeen D, Bengmark S, Girling KJ. The effect of synbiotics on gastrointestinal flora in the critically ill. (abstract). Br J Anaesth 2004; 92: 307\u2013308.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"119_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(00)00891-2","volume":"67","author":"K.S. Kinney","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kinney KS, Austin CE, Morton DS et al. Nor-epinephrine as a growth-stimulating factor in bacteria: Mechanistic studies. Life Sci 2000; 67: 3075\u20133085.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"119_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02825510","volume":"20","author":"P. Leveau","year":"1996","unstructured":"Leveau P, Wang X Soltesz V, Ihse I, Andersson R. Alterations in intestinal permeability and micro flora in experimental acute pancreatitis. Int J Pancreat 1996; 20: 119\u2013125.","journal-title":"Int J Pancreat"},{"key":"119_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199511000-00008","volume":"11","author":"R. Andersson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Andersson R, Wang X, Ihse I, Leveau P. The influence of abdominal sepsis on acute pancreatitis in rats: a study on mortality, permeability, arterial blood pressure and intestinal blood flow. Pancreas 1995; 11: 365\u2013373.","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"119_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.2.223","volume":"45","author":"J. MacFie","year":"1999","unstructured":"MacFie J, O\u2019Boyle C, Mitchell CJ, Buckley PM, Johnstone D, Sudworth P. Gut origin of sepsis: a prospective study investigating associations between bacterial translocation, gastric microflora, and septic morbidity. Gut 1999; 45: 223\u2013228.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"119_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2005.05.002","volume":"34","author":"S. Bengmark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bengmark S. Bio-ecology control of the gastrointestinal tract: The role of flora and supplemented probiotics and synbiotics. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2005; 34: 13\u201336, viii.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"119_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.816","volume":"85","author":"C. Alberda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alberda C, Gramlich L, Meddings J et al. Effects of probiotics therapy in critically ill patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85: 816\u2013823.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"119_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccx.0000166396.42894.60","volume":"11","author":"R. Meie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meie R, Steuerwals M. Place of probiotics. Curr Opin Crit Care 2005; 11: 318\u2013325.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"119_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2244(99)00033-3","volume":"10","author":"A.M.P. Gomes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gomes AMP, Malcata FK. Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus acidophilus: biological, biochemical, technological and therapeutic properties relevant for use as probiotics. Trends Food Sci Technol 1999; 10: 139\u2013157.","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"119_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000189335.62397.cf","volume":"42","author":"R. Srinivasan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Srinivasan R, Meyer R, Padmnabhan R, Britto J. Clinical safety of Lactobacillus casei shirota as a probiotic in critical ill children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006; 42: 171\u2013173.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"119_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00767-06","volume":"44","author":"R. Mohan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mohan R, Koebnick C, Schildt J et al. Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb 12 supplementation on intestinal microbiota of preterm infants: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Clin Microbial 2006; 44: 4025\u20134031.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbial"},{"key":"119_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R285","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3522","volume":"9","author":"B. Klarin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Klarin B, Johansson ML, Molin G, Larsson A, Jeppsson B. Adhesion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum 299v onto the gut mucosa in critically ill patients: a randomized open trial. Crit Care 2005; 9: R285\u2013293.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"119_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1086\/504324","volume":"42","author":"P. Manzoni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Manzoni P, Mostert M, Leonessa ML et al. Oral supplementation with Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus prevents enteric clononization by Candida species in preterm neonates: a randomized study. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42: 1735\u20131742.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"119_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2003.12.002","volume":"23","author":"P.K. Jain","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jain PK, McNaught CE, Anderson AD, MacFie J, Mitchell CJ. Influence of synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and oligofructose on gut barrier function and sepsis in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2004; 23: 467\u2013475.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"119_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_369.x","volume":"114","author":"P. Mangell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mangell P, Lennernas P, Wang M et al. Adhesive capability of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v is important for preventing bacterial translocation in endotoxemic rats. APMIS 2006; 114: 611\u2013618.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"119_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000063096","volume":"82","author":"C. Dani","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dani C, Biadaioli R, Bertini G, Martelli E, Rubaltelli FF. Probiotics feeding in prevention of urinary tract infection, bacterial sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. A prospective double-blind study. Biol Neonate 2002; 82: 103\u2013108.","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"119_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.08.008","volume":"24","author":"C.E. McNaught","year":"2005","unstructured":"McNaught CE, Woodcock NP, Anderson AD, MacFie J. A prospective randomized trial of probiotics in critically ill patients. Clin Nutr 2005; 24: 211\u2013219.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"119_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000282176.41134.E6","volume":"8","author":"T.C. Honeycutt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Honeycutt TC, El Khashab M, Wardrop RM 3rd et al. Probiotic administration and the incidence of nosocomial infection in pediatric intensive care: A randomized placebocontrolled trial. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2007; 8: 452\u2013458.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"119_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2006.07.010","volume":"26","author":"P.J. Watkinson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Watkinson PJ, Barber VS, Dark P, Young JD. The use of pre-pro-and synbiotics in adult intensive care unit patients: systematic review. Clin Nutr 2007; 26: 182\u2013192.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"119_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-005-0653-1","volume":"30","author":"K. Kotzampassi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kotzampassi K. Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Voudouris A, Kazamias P, Eleftheriadis E. Benefits of a symbiotic formula (Synbiotic 2000Forte) in critically ill trauma patients: early results of a randomized controlled trial. World J Surg 2006; 30: 1848\u20131855.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"119_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20030251","volume":"106","author":"I.S. Falcao de Arruda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Falcao de Arruda IS, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Benefits of early enteral nutrition with glutamine and probiotics in brain injury patients. Clin Sci (Lond) 2004; 106: 287\u2013292.","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"119_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.03.054","volume":"147","author":"A. Bin-Nun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bin-Nun A, Bromiker R, Wilschanski M et al. Oral probiotics prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates. J Pediatr 2005; 147: 192\u2013196.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"119_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmm022","volume":"53","author":"A.K. Baranwal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baranwal AK, Singhi SC, Jayashree M. A 5-year PICU experience of Disseminated Staphylococcal Disease, Part 1: Clinical and Microbial Profile. J Trop Pediatr 2007; 53: 245\u201351.","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"119_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607103027005355","volume":"27","author":"D.K. Heyland","year":"2003","unstructured":"Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Drover JW, Gramlich L, Dodek P; Canadian Critical Care Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003; 27: 355\u2013373.","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"119_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000148222.09869.92","volume":"32","author":"A.B. Nathens","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nathens AB, Curtis JR, Beale RJ et al. Management of the critically ill patient with severe acute pancreatitis. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 2524\u20132536.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"119_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2003.10.002","volume":"18","author":"L. Beaugerie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beaugerie L, Petit JC. Microbial-gut interactions in health and disease: Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2004; 18: 337\u2013352.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"119_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7350.1361","volume":"324","author":"A. D\u2019souza","year":"2002","unstructured":"D\u2019souza Al, Rajkumar C, Cooke J, Bulpitt CJ. Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: meta-analysis. BMJ 2002; 324: 1361.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"119_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.04.053","volume":"149","author":"H. Szajewska","year":"2006","unstructured":"Szajewska H, Ruszczynski M, Radzikowski A. Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2006; 149: 367\u2013372.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"119_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01318.x","volume":"16","author":"F. Cremonini","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cremonini F, Di Caro S, Nista EC et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1461\u20131467.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"119_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051603","volume":"175","author":"B.C. Johnston","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnston BC, Supina AL, Vohra S. Probiotics for pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. CMAJ 2006; 175: 377\u2013383.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"119_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccx.0000216583.64804.46","volume":"12","author":"P. Wiesen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wiesen P, Van Gossum A, Preiser JC. Diarrhoea in the critically ill. Curr Opin Crit Care 2006; 12: 149\u2013154.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"119_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39010.630799.BE","volume":"333","author":"C. Hammerman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hammerman C, Bin-Nun A, Kaplan M. Safety of probiotics: comparison of two popular strains. BMJ 2006; 333: 1006\u20131008.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"119_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000219039.20924.88","volume":"244","author":"G. Sugawara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sugawara G, Nagino M, Nishio H et al. Perioperative synbiotic treatment to prevent postoperative infectious complications in biliary cancer surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 2006; 244: 706\u2013714.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"119_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-44948","volume":"128","author":"F. Lestin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lestin F, Persehy A, Rimek D. Fungemia after oral treatment with Saccharomyes boulardii in a patient with multiple Comorbidities. Dtsch Med Wochensehr 2003; 128: 2531\u20132533.","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochensehr"},{"key":"119_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1086\/429916","volume":"40","author":"P. Munoz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Munoz P, Bouza E, Cuenca-Estrella M et al. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: an emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 1625\u20131634.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"119_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050003","volume":"19","author":"C. Hennequin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hennequin C, Kauffman Lacroix C, Jobert A et al. Possible role of catheters in Saccharomyces boullardii fungemia. Eur J Clin Micribiol Infect Dis 2000; 19: 16\u201320.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Micribiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"119_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200404000-00001","volume":"38","author":"ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition.","year":"2004","unstructured":"ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Probiotic bacteria in dietetic products for infants: a commentary by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004; 38: 365\u2013374.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"}],"container-title":["The Indian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-008-0119-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12098-008-0119-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-008-0119-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T20:30:49Z","timestamp":1631737849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12098-008-0119-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-008-0119-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5456","0973-7693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5456","type":"print"},{"value":"0973-7693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}}}