{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T08:05:57Z","timestamp":1781769957743,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,11]],"date-time":"2010-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1292025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-010-0296-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,10]],"date-time":"2010-12-10T10:52:48Z","timestamp":1291978368000},"page":"227-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Vidyut","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Lodha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"296_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-8586(99)70024-7","volume":"8","author":"Z Arain","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arain Z, Rossi TM. Gastrointestinal bleeding in children: an overview of conditions requiring nonoperative management. Semin Pediatr Surg. 1999;8:172\u201380.","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"296_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2008.01860.x","volume":"53","author":"A Reintam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reintam A, Parm P, Kitus R, Kern H, Starkopf J. Gastrointestinal symptoms in intensive care patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009;53:318\u201324.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand."},{"key":"296_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.4.933","volume":"102","author":"M Chaibou","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chaibou M, Tucci M, Dugas MA, Farrell CA, Proulx F, Lacroix J. Clinically significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding acquired in a pediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study. Pediatrics. 1998;102:933\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"296_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199211000-00007","volume":"20","author":"EB Cochran","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cochran EB, Phelps SJ, Tolley EA, Stidham GL. Prevalence of, and risk factors for, upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in critically ill pediatric patients. Crit Care Med. 1992;20:1519\u201323.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"296_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00130478-200110000-00002","volume":"2","author":"F Gauvin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gauvin F, Dugas MA, Chaibou M, Morneau S, Lebel D, Lacroix J. The impact of clinically significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding acquired in a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2001;2:294\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med."},{"key":"296_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-299-6:111","volume-title":"Acute gastrointestinal bleeding: diagnosis and treatment","author":"HK Roy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roy HK, Ozden N. Obscure causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In: Kim KE, editor. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding: diagnosis and treatment. Totowa: Humana Press; 2003. p. 111\u201333."},{"key":"296_CR7","first-page":"1231","volume-title":"Harwood-Nuss\u2019; clinical practice of emergency medicine","author":"M Gayle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gayle M, Kissoon N. Gastrointestinal bleeding. In: Wolfson AB, Harwood-Nuss A, editors. Harwood-Nuss\u2019; clinical practice of emergency medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 1231\u20136.","edition":"4"},{"key":"296_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.5005\/jp\/books\/11073_27","volume-title":"Principles of pediatric & neonatal emergencies","author":"NK Arora","year":"2004","unstructured":"Arora NK, Mathur P, Ahuja A, Patwari A. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In: Sachdev HPS, Choudhury P, Bagga A, Chugh K, Ramji S, Puri RK, editors. Principles of pediatric & neonatal emergencies. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2004. p. 245\u201356.","edition":"2"},{"key":"296_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(55)80118-7","volume":"47","author":"L Apt","year":"1955","unstructured":"Apt L, Downey Jr WS. Melena neonatorum: the swallowed blood syndrome; a simple test for the differentiation of adult and fetal hemoglobin in bloody stools. J Pediatr. 1955;47:6\u201312.","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"296_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02859378","volume":"69","author":"NK Arora","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arora NK, Ganguly S, Mathur P, Ahuja A, Patwari A. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: etiology and management. Indian J Pediatr. 2002;69:155\u201368.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr."},{"key":"296_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02751973","volume":"61","author":"SK Mittal","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mittal SK, Kalra KK, Aggarwal V. Diagnostic upper GI endoscopy for hemetemesis in children: experience from a pediatric gastroenterology centre in north India. Indian J Pediatr. 1994;61:651\u20134.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr."},{"key":"296_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-010-0832-3","volume":"66","author":"L Grimaldi-Bensouda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Abenhaim L, Michaud L, et al. Clinical features and risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children: a case-crossover study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;66:831\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"296_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-009-0092-3","volume":"76","author":"SM Dehghani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dehghani SM, Haghighat M, Imanieh MH, Tabebordbar MR. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children in Southern Iran. Indian J Pediatr. 2009;76:635.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr."},{"key":"296_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-009-0195-x","volume":"76","author":"D Kalyoncu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kalyoncu D, Urganci N, Cetinkaya F. Etiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in young children. Indian J Pediatr. 2009;76:899.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr."},{"key":"296_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02730901","volume":"65","author":"NK Arora","year":"1998","unstructured":"Arora NK, Lodha R, Gulati S, et al. Portal hypertension in north Indian children. Indian J Pediatr. 1998;65:585\u201391.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr."},{"key":"296_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(83)72632-5","volume":"29","author":"JC Prolla","year":"1983","unstructured":"Prolla JC, Diehl AS, Bemvenuti GA, Loguercio SV, Magalhaes DS, Silveira TR. Upper gastrointestinal fiberoptic endoscopy in pediatric patients. Gastrointest Endosc. 1983;29:279\u201381.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc."},{"key":"296_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/604639","volume":"23","author":"N Sarin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sarin N, Monga N, Adams PC. Time to endoscopy and outcomes in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Can J Gastroenterol. 2009;23:489\u201393.","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"296_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47S","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01300807","volume":"26","author":"RM Katon","year":"1981","unstructured":"Katon RM. Complications of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the gastrointestinal bleeder. Dig Dis Sci. 1981;26:47S\u201354S.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"296_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2005.11.001","volume":"36","author":"DM Howarth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Howarth DM. The role of nuclear medicine in the detection of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Semin Nucl Med. 2006;36:133\u201346.","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med."},{"key":"296_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70282-0","volume":"84","author":"MA Fallah","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fallah MA, Prakash C, Edmundowicz S. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Med Clin North Am. 2000;84:1183\u2013208.","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am."},{"key":"296_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2008.02552.x","volume":"50","author":"J Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee J, Lai MW, Chen CC, et al. Red blood cell scintigraphy in children with acute massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Pediatr Int. 2008;50:199\u2013203.","journal-title":"Pediatr Int."},{"key":"296_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.63.3.408","volume":"63","author":"K Cox","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cox K, Ament M. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 1979;63:408.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"296_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.143.4.837","volume":"143","author":"MF Meyerovitz","year":"1984","unstructured":"Meyerovitz MF, Fellows KE. Angiography in gastrointestinal bleeding in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984;143:837\u201340.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol."},{"key":"296_CR24","first-page":"686","volume":"63","author":"JL Ternberg","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ternberg JL, Koehler PR. The use of arteriography in the diagnosis of the origin of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in children. Surgery. 1968;63:686\u20139.","journal-title":"Surgery."},{"key":"296_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198603000-00003","volume":"5","author":"E Afshani","year":"1986","unstructured":"Afshani E, Berger PE. Gastrointestinal tract angiography in infants and children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1986;5:173\u201386.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr."},{"key":"296_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3957","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i31.3957","volume":"16","author":"LM Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu LM, Xu JR, Yin Y, Qu XH. Usefulness of CT angiography in diagnosing acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:3957\u201363.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"296_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199207000-00014","volume":"15","author":"M Urashima","year":"1992","unstructured":"Urashima M, Toyoda S, Nakano T, et al. BUN\/Cr ratio as an index of gastrointestinal bleeding mass in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1992;15:89.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr."},{"key":"296_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.29-2-39","volume":"29","author":"JT Boyle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boyle JT. Gastrointestinal bleeding in infants and children. Pediatr Rev. 2008;29:39\u201352.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev."},{"key":"296_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.08.016","volume":"7","author":"L Laine","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laine L, McQuaid KR. Endoscopic therapy for bleeding ulcers: an evidence-based approach based on meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7:33\u201347.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"296_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ioannou G, Doust J, Rockey DC. Terlipressin for acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003; CD002147.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002147"},{"key":"296_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-4-199508150-00007","volume":"123","author":"L Laine","year":"1995","unstructured":"Laine L, Cook D. Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:280\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"296_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.09.052","volume":"67","author":"W Park","year":"2008","unstructured":"Park W, Yeh R, Triadafilopoulos G. Injection therapies for variceal bleeding disorders of the GI tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;67:313\u201323.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc."},{"key":"296_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(88)80631-6","volume":"23","author":"DW Tuggle","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tuggle DW, Bennett KG, Scott J, Tunell WP. Intravenous vasopressin and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in children. J Pediatr Surg. 1988;23:627\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"296_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198809000-00007","volume":"7","author":"SK Sarin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sarin SK, Misra SP, Singal AK, Thorat V, Broor SL. Endoscopic sclerotherapy for varices in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1988;7:662\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr."},{"key":"296_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02113249","volume":"151","author":"EM Sokal","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sokal EM, Van Hoorebeeck N, Van Obbergh L, Otte JB, Buts JP. Upper gastro-intestinal tract bleeding in cirrhotic children candidates for liver transplantation. Eur J Pediatr. 1992;151:326\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr."},{"key":"296_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1993.tb01174.x","volume":"8","author":"AS Goenka","year":"1993","unstructured":"Goenka AS, Dasilva MS, Cleghorn GJ, Patrick MK, Shepherd RW. Therapeutic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in children: an audit of 443 procedures and literature review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1993;8:44\u201351.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"296_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199803000-00022","volume":"26","author":"C Siafakas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Siafakas C, Fox VL, Nurko S. Use of octreotide for the treatment of severe gastrointestinal bleeding in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1998;26:356\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr."},{"key":"296_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(98)90595-4","volume":"33","author":"T Sasaki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sasaki T, Hasegawa T, Nakajima K, et al. Endoscopic variceal ligation in the management of gastroesophageal varices in postoperative biliary atresia. J Pediatr Surg. 1998;33:1628\u201332.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"296_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/00045391-200111000-00005","volume":"8","author":"JC Lam","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lam JC, Aters S, Tobias JD. Initial experience with octreotide in the pediatric population. Am J Ther. 2001;8:409\u201315.","journal-title":"Am J Ther."},{"key":"296_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200202000-00019","volume":"34","author":"PJ McKiernan","year":"2002","unstructured":"McKiernan PJ, Beath SV, Davison SM. A prospective study of endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation using a multiband ligator. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;34:207\u201311.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr."}],"container-title":["The Indian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-010-0296-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12098-010-0296-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-010-0296-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]],"date-time":"2023-06-04T12:45:12Z","timestamp":1685882712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12098-010-0296-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-010-0296-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5456","0973-7693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5456","type":"print"},{"value":"0973-7693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,11]]}}}