{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:32:02Z","timestamp":1790688722246,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-015-1816-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]],"date-time":"2015-07-20T00:17:27Z","timestamp":1437351447000},"page":"825-833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Bone and Joint Infections in Children: Septic Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Anil","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya N.","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1816_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(02)00106-7","volume":"17","author":"S Nade","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nade S. Septic arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2003;17:183\u2013200.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1816_CR2","first-page":"23","volume":"79","author":"YS Tanwar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tanwar YS, Jaiswal A, Singh S, Arya RK, Lal H. Acute pediatric septic arthritis: a systematic review of literature and current controversies. Pol Orthop Traumatol. 2014;79:23\u20139.","journal-title":"Pol Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"1816_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2","volume":"1","author":"AM Krieg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Krieg AM. A possible cause of joint destruction in septic arthritis. Arthritis Res. 1999;1:3\u20134.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res"},{"key":"1816_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.02.001","volume":"25","author":"M Garc\u00eda-Arias","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Arias M, Balsa A, Mola EM. Septic arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2011;25:407\u201321.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1816_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318186eb4b","volume":"28","author":"OA Gafur","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gafur OA, Copley LA, Hollmig ST, Browne RH, Thornton LA, Crawford SE. The impact of the current epidemiology of pediatric musculoskeletal infection on evaluation and treatment guidelines. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:777\u201385.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1816_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-005-0643-9","volume":"29","author":"CB Lavy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lavy CB, Peek AC, Manjolo G. The incidence of septic arthritis in Malawian children. Int Orthop. 2005;29:195\u20136.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"1816_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300462","volume":"97","author":"M P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen","year":"2012","unstructured":"P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen M, Peltola H. Management of a child with suspected acute septic arthritis. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97:287\u201392.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"1816_CR8","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Pediatric osteoarticular infections","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Aggarwal AN. Septic arthritis in children. In: Agarwal A, Aggarwal AN, editors. Pediatric osteoarticular infections. Delhi: Jaypee; 2014. p. 60\u201374."},{"key":"1816_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B9.22530","volume":"91","author":"SN Kang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kang SN, Sanghera T, Mangwani J, Paterson JM, Ramachandran M. The management of septic arthritis in children: systematic review of the English language literature. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 2009;91:1127\u201333.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Br)"},{"key":"1816_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carter K, Doern C, Jo CH, Copley LA. The clinical usefulness of polymerase chain reaction as a supplemental diagnostic tool in the evaluation and the treatment of children with septic arthritis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015. doi: 10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000411 .","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000411"},{"key":"1816_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-014-0549-4","volume":"8","author":"N Williams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Williams N, Cooper C, Cundy P. Kingella kingae septic arthritis in children: recognizing an elusive pathogen. J Child Orthop. 2014;8:91\u20135.","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"1816_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318133a85e","volume":"26","author":"B Dohin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dohin B, Gillet Y, Kohler R, et al. Pediatric bone and joint infections caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26:1042\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"1816_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03215.x","volume":"46","author":"PR Cohen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cohen PR. Community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections: a review of epidemiology, clinical features, management and prevention. Int J Dermatol. 2007;46:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"1816_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-20060201-11","volume":"35","author":"MS Kocher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kocher MS, Lee B, Dolan M, Weinberg J, Shulman ST. Pediatric orthopedic infections: early detection and treatment. Pediatr Ann. 2006;35:112\u201322.","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"1816_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2013.33.5.375","volume":"33","author":"M P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen","year":"2013","unstructured":"P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen M, Kallio MJ, Kallio PE, Peltola H. Repeated serum alkaline phosphatase measurements in the treatment of childhood acute bone and joint infections with high doses of antibiotics. Ann Lab Med. 2013;33:375\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Lab Med"},{"key":"1816_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00173","volume":"96","author":"M Omar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Omar M, Ettinger M, Reichling M, et al. Preliminary results of a new test for rapid diagnosis of septic arthritis with use of leukocyte esterase and glucose reagent strips. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96:2032\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1816_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2014.08.032","volume":"21","author":"R Basmaci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Basmaci R, Ilharreborde B, Bonacorsi S, et al. Septic arthritis in children with normal initial C-reactive protein: clinical and biological features. Arch Pediatr. 2014;21:1195\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"key":"1816_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0936-1","volume":"468","author":"M P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen","year":"2010","unstructured":"P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen M, Kallio MJ, Kallio PE, Peltola H. Sensitivity of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in childhood bone and joint infections. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468:861\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"1816_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rosenfeld S, Bernstein D, Daram S, Dawson J, Zhang W. Predicting the presence of adjacent infections in septic arthritis in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015. doi: 10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000389 .","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000389"},{"key":"1816_CR20","first-page":"123","volume":"79","author":"E Rutz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rutz E, Spoerri M. Septic arthritis of the paediatric hip\u2014a review of current diagnostic approaches and therapeutic concepts. Acta Orthop Belg. 2013;79:123\u201334.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"1816_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3340-9","volume":"472","author":"P Yagupsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yagupsky P. Letter to the editor: another look: is there a flaw to current hip septic arthritis diagnostic algorithms? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472:383\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"1816_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2006.037929","volume":"24","author":"SF Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li SF, Cassidy C, Chang C, Gharib S, Torres J. Diagnostic utility of laboratory tests in septic arthritis. Emerg Med J. 2007;24:75\u20137.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"1816_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00028-14","volume":"28","author":"P Yagupsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yagupsky P. Kingella kingae: carriage, transmission, and disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28:54\u201379.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"1816_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.74.1.118","volume":"74","author":"FM Volberg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Volberg FM, Sumner TE, Abramson JS, Winchester PH. Unreliability of radiographic diagnosis of septic hip in children. Pediatrics. 1984;74:118\u201320.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1816_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000332","volume":"31","author":"J Plumb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Plumb J, Mallin M, Bolte RG. The role of ultrasound in the emergency department evaluation of the acutely painful pediatric hip. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2015;31:54\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"1816_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0289-9","volume":"36","author":"WJ Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang WJ, Im SA, Lim GY, et al. MR imaging of transient synovitis: differentiation from septic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. 2006;36:1154\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"1816_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO\/0b013e3181558981","volume":"27","author":"B Afghani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Afghani B, Kong V, Wu FL. What would pediatric infectious disease consultants recommend for management of culture-negative acute hematogenous osteomyelitis? J Pediatr Orthop. 2007;27:805\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1816_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.130","volume":"8","author":"NS Harik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harik NS, Smeltzer MS. Management of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010;8:175\u201381.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"1816_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tetzlaff TR, McCracken GH Jr, Nelson JD. Oral antibiotic therapy for skeletal infections of children. II. Therapy of osteomyelitis and suppurative arthritis. J Pediatr. 1978;92:485\u201390.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80455-7"},{"key":"1816_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1258\/004947507782332775","volume":"37","author":"CB Lavy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lavy CB, Thyoka M. For how long should antibiotics be given in acute paediatric septic arthritis? A prospective audit of 96 cases. Trop Dr. 2007;37:195\u20137.","journal-title":"Trop Dr"},{"key":"1816_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181ab472d","volume":"29","author":"NA Jagodzinski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jagodzinski NA, Kanwar R, Graham K, Bache CE. Prospective evaluation of a shortened regime of treatment for acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29:518\u201325.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1816_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1086\/597582","volume":"48","author":"H Peltola","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peltola H, P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen M, Kallio P, Kallio MJ; Osteomyelitis-Septic Arthritis (OM-SA) Study Group. Prospective, randomized trial of 10\u00a0days versus 30\u00a0days of antimicrobial treatment, including a short-term course of parenteral therapy, for childhood septic arthritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1201\u201310.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1816_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B7.13984","volume":"85","author":"MS Kocher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kocher MS, Mandiga R, Murphy JM, et al. A clinical practice guideline for treatment of septic arthritis in children: efficacy in improving process of care and effect on outcome of septic arthritis of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85:994\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1816_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181b2b860","volume":"29","author":"RT Ballock","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ballock RT, Newton PO, Evans SJ, Estabrook M, Farnsworth CL, Bradley JS. A comparison of early versus late conversion from intravenous to oral therapy in the treatment of septic arthritis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29:636\u201342.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1816_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.6.883","volume":"99","author":"JD Nelson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nelson JD. Towards simple but safe management of osteomyelitis. Pediatrics. 1997;99:883\u20134.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1816_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200404000-00028","volume":"86","author":"JJ McCarthy","year":"2004","unstructured":"McCarthy JJ, Dormans JP, Kozin SH, et al. Musculoskeletal infections in children. J Bone Joint Dis Am. 2004;86:850\u201363.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Dis Am"},{"key":"1816_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2002.00007.x","volume":"38","author":"MB Vinod","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vinod MB, Matussek J, Curtis N, Graham HK, Carapetis JR. Duration of antibiotics in children with osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. J Paediatr Child Health. 2002;38:363\u20137.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"1816_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200405000-00006","volume":"24","author":"U Givon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Givon U, Liberman B, Schindler A, Blankstein A, Ganel A. Treatment of septic arthritis of the hip joint by repeated ultrasound guided aspirations. J Pediatr Orthop. 2004;24:266\u201370.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1816_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-008-0094-0","volume":"2","author":"AM El-Sayed","year":"2008","unstructured":"El-Sayed AM. Treatment of early septic arthritis of the hip in children: comparison of results of open arthrotomy versus arthroscopic drainage. J Child Orthop. 2008;2:229\u201337.","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"1816_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305617","volume":"99","author":"M Macchiaiolo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Macchiaiolo M, Buonuomo PS, Villani A, Bartuli A. Question 2: should steroids be used in the treatment of septic arthritis? Arch Dis Child. 2014;99:785\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"1816_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2005.02.005","volume":"52","author":"K Gutierrez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gutierrez K. Bone and joint infections in children. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2005;52:779\u201394.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"1816_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199211000-00020","volume":"12","author":"W Peters","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peters W, Irving J, Letts M. Long-term effects of neonatal bone and joint infection on adjacent growth plates. J Pediatr Orthop. 1992;12:806\u201310.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"}],"container-title":["The Indian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-015-1816-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12098-015-1816-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-015-1816-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T14:33:22Z","timestamp":1652884402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12098-015-1816-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-015-1816-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5456","0973-7693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5456","type":"print"},{"value":"0973-7693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]}}}