{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:30:42Z","timestamp":1770287442068,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"None"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-015-2001-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]],"date-time":"2016-01-27T19:45:57Z","timestamp":1453923957000},"page":"634-639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["CNS Manifestations in Orientia tsutsugamushi Disease (Scrub Typhus) in North India"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Ashwani Kumar","family":"Sood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lokesh","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hemant","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2001_CR1","first-page":"2056","volume-title":"Principles and practice of infectious disease","author":"AJ Saah","year":"2000","unstructured":"Saah AJ. Orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and practice of infectious disease. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2000. p. 2056\u20137.","edition":"5th"},{"key":"2001_CR2","first-page":"639","volume":"30","author":"EB Settle","year":"1945","unstructured":"Settle EB, Pinkerton H, Corbett AJ. A pathologic study of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) with notes on clinicopathologic correlation. J Lab Clin Med. 1945;30:639\u201361.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"2001_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(46)90313-4","volume":"31","author":"HD Levine","year":"1946","unstructured":"Levine HD. Pathologic study of thirty-one cases of scrub typhus fever with especial reference to the cardiovascular system. Am Heart J. 1946;31:314\u201328.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2001_CR4","first-page":"557","volume":"33","author":"ST Tay","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tay ST, Rohani MY, Ho TM, Devi S. Antigenic types of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2002;33:557\u201364.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"2001_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1086\/424748","volume":"39","author":"R Isaac","year":"2004","unstructured":"Isaac R, Varghese GM, Mathai E, Manjula J, Joseph I. Scrub typhus: prevalence and diagnostic issues in rural southern India. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1395\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2001_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200310000-00009","volume":"16","author":"G Watt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Watt G, Parola P. Scrub typhus and tropical rickettsioses. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2003;16:429\u201336.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2001_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-008-0226-z","volume":"178","author":"MS Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee MS, Lee JH, Lee HS, et al. Scrub typhus as a possible aetiology of Guillain-Barre syndrome: two cases. Ir J Med Sci. 2009;178:347\u201350.","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"2001_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.09.015","volume":"60","author":"KL Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee KL, Lee JK, Yim YM, Lim OK, Bae KH. Acute transverse myelitis associated with scrub typhus: case report and a review of literatures. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;60:237\u20139.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2001_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2011.10.003","volume":"27","author":"WR Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin WR, Chen TC, Lin CY, Lu PL, Chen YH. Bilateral simultaneous facial palsy following scrub typhus meningitis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2011;27:573\u20136.","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"2001_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066595","volume":"8","author":"S Viswanathan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Viswanathan S, Muthu V, Iqbal N, Remalayam B, George T. Scrub typhus meningitis in South India \u2014 a retrospective study. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e66595.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2001_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.81.484","volume":"81","author":"CS Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee CS, Hwang JH, Lee HB, Kwon KS. Risk factors leading to fatal outcome in scrub typhus patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;81:484\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2001_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400090051010","volume":"151","author":"K Silpapojakul","year":"1991","unstructured":"Silpapojakul K, Ukkachoke C, Krisanapan S. Rickettsial meningitis and encephalitis. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1753\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2001_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2008.40.1.40","volume":"40","author":"SH Wie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wie SH, Chang UI, Kim HW, et al. Clinical features of 212 cases of scrub typhus in southern region of Gyeonggido and the significance of initial simple chest x-ray. Infect Chemother. 2008;40:40\u20135.","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2001_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.107919","volume":"61","author":"GM Varghese","year":"2013","unstructured":"Varghese GM, Mathew A, Kumar S, Abraham OC, Trowbridge P, Mathai E. Differential diagnosis of scrub typhus meningitis from bacterial meningitis using clinical and laboratory features. Neurol India. 2013;61:17\u201320.","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"2001_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.3.436","volume":"24","author":"H Pai","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pai H, Sohn S, Seong Y, Kee S, Chang WH, Choe KW. Central nervous system involvement in patients with scrub typhus. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:436\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2001_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215111000107","volume":"125","author":"JS Thakur","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thakur JS, Mohindroo NK, Sharma DR, Soni K, Kaushal SS. Evoked response audiometry in scrub typhus: prospective, randomised, case\u2013control study. J Laryngol Otol. 2011;125:567\u201371.","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"2001_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.323-347.2004","volume":"17","author":"DA Drevets","year":"2004","unstructured":"Drevets DA, Leenen PJ, Greenfield RA. Invasion of the central nervous system by intracellular bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004;17:323\u201347.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2001_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.12.1770","volume":"57","author":"DE Kim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kim DE, Lee SH, Park KI, Chang KH, Roh JK. Scrub typhus encephalomyelitis with prominent focal neurologic signs. Arch Neurol. 2000;57:1770\u20132.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2001_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2010.090452","volume":"40","author":"A Chrispal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chrispal A, Boorugu H, Gopinath KG, et al. Scrub typhus: an unrecognized threat in South India \u2013 clinical profile and predictors of mortality. Trop Dr. 2010;40:129\u201333.","journal-title":"Trop Dr"},{"key":"2001_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.10.005","volume":"69","author":"DM Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim DM, Kim YS, Cho HY, Lee YB. Scrub typhus meningoencephalitis occurring during doxycycline therapy for Orientia tsutsugamushi. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;69:271\u20134.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2001_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.271065074","volume":"27","author":"YJ Jeong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jeong YJ, Kim S, Wook YD, et al. Scrub typhus: clinical, pathologic, and imaging findings. Radiographics. 2007;27:161\u201372.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2001_CR22","first-page":"603","volume":"21","author":"AC Allen","year":"1945","unstructured":"Allen AC, Spitz S. A comparative study of the pathology of scrub typhus (Tsutsugamushi disease) and other rickettsial diseases. Am J Pathol. 1945;21:603\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2001_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.02.016","volume":"16","author":"SA Kularatne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kularatne SA, Weerakoon KG, Rajapakse RP, et al. A case series of spotted fever rickettsiosis with neurological manifestations in Sri Lanka. Int J Infect Dis. 2012;16:e514\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2001_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1949.02310110080004","volume":"61","author":"JW Papez","year":"1949","unstructured":"Papez JW, Bateman JF. Destruction of nerve cells by rickettsial organisms of tsutsugamushi fever. Arch Neurol Psychiatr. 1949;61:545\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"2001_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.02.001","volume":"52","author":"GM Varghese","year":"2006","unstructured":"Varghese GM, Abraham OC, Mathai D, et al. Scrub typhus among hospitalised patients with febrile illness in South India: magnitude and clinical predictors. J Infect. 2006;52:56\u201360.","journal-title":"J Infect."},{"key":"2001_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0233","volume":"82","author":"GC Koh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koh GC, Maude RJ, Paris DH, Newton PN, Blacksell SD. Diagnosis of scrub typhus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;82:368\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2001_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-108","volume":"10","author":"DM Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim DM, Kim SW, Choi SH, et al. Clinical and laboratory findings associated with severe scrub typhus. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:108.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2001_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.02.009","volume":"23","author":"GM Varghese","year":"2014","unstructured":"Varghese GM, Trowbridge P, Janardhanan J, et al. Clinical profile and improving mortality trend of scrub typhus in South India. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;23:39\u201343.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2001_CR29","first-page":"24","volume":"58","author":"M Vivekanandan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vivekanandan M, Mani A, Priya YS, Singh AP, Jayakumar S, Purty S. Outbreak of scrub typhus in Pondicherry. J Assoc Physicians India. 2010;58:24\u20138.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"2001_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475513512646","volume":"44","author":"H Boorugu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boorugu H, Chrispal A, Gopinath KG, et al. CNS involvement in Scrub typhus. Trop Dr. 2014;44:36\u20137.","journal-title":"Trop Dr"},{"key":"2001_CR31","first-page":"5","volume":"5","author":"P Nigwekar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nigwekar P, Kavar Y, Shrikhande DY, Ashok Kumar C. Clinico-pathological profile of Rickettsial Fever in a rural area of western Maharashtra, India. Pravara Med Rev. 2013;5:5\u20139.","journal-title":"Pravara Med Rev"},{"key":"2001_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.95002","volume":"15","author":"K Saifudheen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saifudheen K, Kumar KG, Jose J, Veena V, Gafoor VA. First case of scrub typhus with meningoencephalitis from Kerala: an emerging infectious threat. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2012;15:141\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"2001_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2605","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002605","volume":"8","author":"V Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar V, Kumar V, Yadav AK, et al. Scrub typhus is an under-recognized cause of acute febrile illness with acute kidney injury in India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8:e2605.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2001_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.271065074","volume":"27","author":"YJ Jeong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jeong YJ, Kim S, Wook YD, Lee JW, Kim KI, Lee SH. Scrub typhus: clinical, pathologic and imaging findings. Radiographics. 2007;27:161\u201372.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2001_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2010.11.007","volume":"113","author":"KS Yum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yum KS, Na SJ, Lee KO, Ko JH. Scrub typhus meningo-encephalitis with focal neurologic signs and associated brain MRI abnormal findings: literature review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2011;113:250\u20133.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"2001_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.136074","volume":"18","author":"A Kar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kar A, Dhanaraj M, Dedeepiya D, Harikrishna K. Acute encephalitis syndrome following scrub typhus infection. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2014;18:453\u20135.","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2001_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.7.1078","volume":"33","author":"L Dotevall","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dotevall L, Hagberg L. Penetration of doxycycline into cerebrospinal fluid in patients treated for suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989;33:1078\u201380.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2001_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.12.2457","volume":"35","author":"D Raoult","year":"1991","unstructured":"Raoult D, Drancourt M. Antimicrobial therapy of rickettsial iseases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991;35:2457\u201362.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2001_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.28.2.347","volume":"28","author":"CW Yim","year":"1985","unstructured":"Yim CW, Flynn NM, Fitzgerald FT. Penetration of oral doxycycline into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with latent or neurosyphilis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985;28:347\u20138.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2001_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.10.2626","volume":"42","author":"T Mindermann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mindermann T, Zimmerli W, Gratzl O. Rifampin concentrations in various compartments of the human brain: a novel method for determining drug levels in the cerebral extracellular space. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998;42:2626\u20139.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2001_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.3.825","volume":"40","author":"S Jaruratanasirikul","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jaruratanasirikul S, Hortiwakul R, Tantisarasart T, Phuenpathom N, Tussanasunthornwong S. Distribution of azithromycin into brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and aqueous humor of the eye. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996;40:825\u20136.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2001_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01996-13","volume":"58","author":"MO Jang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jang MO, Jang HC, Kim UJ, et al. Outcome of intravenous azithromycin therapy in patients with complicated scrub typhus compared with that of doxycycline therapy using propensity-matched analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58:1488\u201393.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2001_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1789","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001789","volume":"6","author":"BA Cho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cho BA, Ko Y, Kim YS, et al. Phenotypic characterization of peripheral T cells and their dynamics in scrub typhus patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6:e1789.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2001_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.12.2457","volume":"35","author":"D Raoult","year":"1991","unstructured":"Raoult D, Drancourt M. Antimicrobial therapy of rickettsial diseases. Antimicrob Agent Chemother. 1991;35:2457\u201362.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agent Chemother."}],"container-title":["The Indian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-015-2001-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12098-015-2001-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-015-2001-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T22:14:31Z","timestamp":1567548871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12098-015-2001-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-015-2001-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5456","0973-7693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5456","type":"print"},{"value":"0973-7693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]}}}