{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:54:20Z","timestamp":1790729660143,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]],"date-time":"2019-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]],"date-time":"2019-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-019-03123-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]],"date-time":"2019-12-21T03:02:22Z","timestamp":1576897342000},"page":"125-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Pediatric Blood Cultures and Antibiotic Resistance: An Overview"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Chand","family":"Wattal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeraj","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"3123_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.121004","volume":"20","author":"ME Falagas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Tansarli GS, Karageorgopoulos DE, Vardakas KZ. Deaths attributable to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:1170\u20135.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3123_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-004-1489-7","volume":"163","author":"JW Gray","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gray JW. A 7-year study of bloodstream infections in an English children's hospital. Eur J Pediatr. 2004;163:530\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"3123_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.2.285","volume":"110","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2002;110:285\u201391.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"3123_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70310-9","volume":"8","author":"KM Posfay-Barbe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Posfay-Barbe KM, Zerr DM, Pittet D. Infection control in paediatrics. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8:19\u201331.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3123_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-012-0696-x","volume":"79","author":"C Wattal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wattal C, Oberoi J. Infections in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). Indian J Pediatr. 2012;79:647\u20139.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"3123_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw118","volume":"62","author":"TF Barlam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barlam TF, Cosgrove SE, Abbo LM, et al. Implementing an antibiotic stewardship program: guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62:e51\u201377.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3123_CR7","unstructured":"India clen. The INCLEN India Infectious Disease Initiative (IIDI) USAID\/ INCLEN Final Report, 2014. Available at: http:\/\/www.inclentrust.org\/inclen\/ uploadedbyfck\/file\/publication\/the%20inclen\/USAID%20IIDI-final%20version.pdf. Accessed 26 August 2015."},{"key":"3123_CR8","unstructured":"Indian Network for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (INSAR) group, India. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in India: prevalence & susceptibility pattern. Indian J Med Res. 2013;137:363\u20139."},{"key":"3123_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.164228","volume":"142","author":"K Walia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walia K, Ohri VC, Mathai D. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme of ICMR. Antimicrobial stewardship programme (AMSP) practices in India. Indian J Med Res. 2015;142:130\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"3123_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000652","volume":"34","author":"JA Bielicki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bielicki JA, Lundin R, Sharland M. Antibiotic resistance prevalence in routine bloodstream isolates from children\u2019s hospitals varies substantially from adult surveillance data in Europe. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34:734\u201341.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"3123_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piw092","volume":"6","author":"D Dharmapalan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dharmapalan D, Shet A, Yewale V, Sharland M. High reported rates of antimicrobial resistance in Indian neonatal and pediatric blood stream infections. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2017;6:e62\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"3123_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1086\/313525","volume":"29","author":"B Perl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Perl B, Gottehrer NP, Raveh D, Schlesinger Y, Rudensky B, Yinnon AM. Cost-effectiveness of blood cultures for adult patients with cellulitis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:1483\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3123_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2010.25.7.992","volume":"25","author":"JS Son","year":"2010","unstructured":"Son JS, Song JH, Ko KS, et al. Bloodstream infections and clinical significance of healthcare-associated bacteremia: a multicenter surveillance study in Korean hospitals. J Korean Med Sci. 2010;25:992\u20138.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"3123_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/5.1.35","volume":"5","author":"MP Weinstein","year":"1983","unstructured":"Weinstein MP, Reller LB, Murphy JR, Lichtenstein KA. The clinical significance of positive blood cultures: a comprehensive analysis of 500 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. I. Laboratory and epidemiologic observations. Rev Infect Dis. 1983;5:35\u201353.","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"3123_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01555-07","volume":"45","author":"A Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee A, Mirrett S, Reller LB, Weinstein MP. Detection of bloodstream infections in adults: how many blood cultures are needed? J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:3546\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3123_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1086\/421087","volume":"38","author":"FR Cockerill 3rd","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cockerill FR 3rd, Wilson JW, Vetter EA, et al. Optimal testing parameters for blood cultures. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1724\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3123_CR17","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Bloodstream Infection Event (Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection and Non-central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection). Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/4psc_clabscurrent.pdf. Accessed 15 August 2019"},{"key":"3123_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.3.444","volume":"10","author":"LG Reimer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reimer LG, Wilson ML, Weinstein MP. Update on detection of bacteremia and fungemia. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1997;10:444\u201365.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"3123_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.039818","volume":"86","author":"RL Ochiai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ochiai RL, Acosta CJ, Danovaro-Holliday MC, et al; Domi Typhoid Study Group. A study of typhoid fever in five Asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:260\u20138.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"12","key":"3123_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-3073-x","volume":"36","author":"R. N. Iyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iyer RN, Jangam RR, Jacinth A, Venkatalakshmi A, Nahdi FB. Prevalence and trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi A among children in a pediatric tertiary care hospital in South India over a period of ten years: a retrospective study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017;36:2399\u2013404.","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"3123_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004616","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004616","volume":"10","author":"Jacob John","year":"2016","unstructured":"John J, Van Aart CJ, Grassly NC. The burden of typhoid and paratyphoid in India: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004616.","journal-title":"PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"3123_CR22","unstructured":"Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, July 2019. Microbiology newsletter. Available at: https:\/\/www.sgrh.com\/publications. Accessed 15 August 2019."},{"key":"3123_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.044065-0","volume":"61","author":"D Ahmed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmed D, Hoque A, Mazumder R, et al. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Med Microbiol. 2012;61:1032\u20133.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"3123_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.001","volume":"10","author":"BM Pokharel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pokharel BM, Koirala J, Dahal RK, Mishra SK, Khadga PK, Tuladhar NR. Multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica (serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A) from blood isolates in Nepal: surveillance of resistance and a search for newer alternatives. Int J Infect Dis. 2006;10:434\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3123_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47509-0","volume":"57","author":"VO Rotimi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rotimi VO, Jamal W, Pal T, Sovenned A, Albert MJ. Emergence of CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella spp. in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates. J Med Microbiol. 2008;57:881\u20136.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"3123_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1509.090567","volume":"15","author":"Y Pfeifer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pfeifer Y, Matten J, Rabsch W. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi with CTX-M beta-lactamase, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:1533\u20135.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3123_CR27","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guidelines for the Management of Typhoid Fever. Availaible at: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/medicinedocs\/documents\/s20994en\/s20994en.pdf. Accessed 8 August 2019."},{"key":"3123_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fml073","volume":"53","author":"KS Lakshmi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lakshmi KS, Jayashree M, Singhi S, Ray P. Study of nosocomial primary bloodstream infections in a pediatric intensive care unit. J Trop Pediatr. 2007;53:87\u201392.","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"3123_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2013.07.010","volume":"18","author":"C Wattal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wattal C, Raveendran R, Goel N, Oberoi JK, Rao BK. Ecology of blood stream infection and antibiotic resistance in intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital in North India. Braz J Infect Dis. 2014;18:245\u201351.","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3123_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-014-1631-0","volume":"82","author":"C Agrawal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agrawal C, Biswas D, Gupta A, Chauhan BS. Antibiotic overuse as a risk factor for candidemia in an Indian pediatric ICU. Indian J Pediatr. 2015;82:530\u20136.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"3123_CR31","first-page":"997","volume":"136","author":"JK Oberoi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oberoi JK, Wattal C, Goel N, Raveendran R, Datta S, Prasad K. Non-albicans candida species in blood stream infections in a tertiary care hospital at New Delhi, India. Indian J Med Res. 2012;136:997\u20131003.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"3123_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-008-0002-0","volume":"75","author":"S Singhi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Singhi S, Ray P, Mathew JL, Jayashree M, Dhanalakshmi. Nosocomial bloodstream infection in a pediatric intensive care unit. Indian J Pediatr. 2008;75:25\u201330.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"3123_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509X.175311","volume":"51","author":"N Thacker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thacker N, Pereira N, Banavali SD, et al. Epidemiology of bloodstream infections in pediatric patients at a tertiary care cancer centre. Indian J Cancer. 2014;51:438\u201341.","journal-title":"Indian J Cancer"},{"key":"3123_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.236","volume":"39","author":"JG Lake","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lake JG, Weiner LM, Milstone AM, Saiman L, Magill SS, See I. Pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance among pediatrichealthcare-associated infections reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2011\u20132014. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2018;39:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"3123_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-017-1204-1","volume":"54","author":"R Sekar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sekar R, Mythreyee M, Srivani S, Sivakumaran D, Lallitha S, Saranya S. Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in pediatric bloodstream infections in rural southern India. Indian Pediatr. 2017;54:1021\u20134.","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"3123_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn275","volume":"62","author":"SP Kuster","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuster SP, Ruef C, Bollinger AK, et al. Correlation between case mix index and antibiotic use in hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62:837\u201342.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3123_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001499","volume":"36","author":"LEB Nabarro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nabarro LEB, Shankar C, Pragasam AK, et al. Clinical and bacterial risk factors for mortality in children with carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections in India. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36:e161\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"3123_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00424-7","volume":"16","author":"YY Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu YY, Wang Y, Walsh TR, et al. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16:161\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3123_CR39","unstructured":"Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, November 2018. Microbiology Newsletter. Available at: https:\/\/www.sgrh.com\/publications. Accessed 15 August 2019."},{"key":"3123_CR40","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; Fourth Informational Supplement. CLSI document M27-S4. Wayne, PA: CLSI; 2012."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-020-03257-4","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583971200000}}],"container-title":["The Indian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-019-03123-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12098-019-03123-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-019-03123-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,20]],"date-time":"2020-12-20T00:28:09Z","timestamp":1608424089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12098-019-03123-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-019-03123-y","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s12098-020-03257-4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0019-5456","0973-7693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5456","type":"print"},{"value":"0973-7693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2020","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The article Pediatric Blood Cultures and Antibiotic Resistance: An Overview, written by Chand Wattal and Neeraj Goel, was originally published electronically on the publisher\ufffd\ufffd\ufffds internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 21 December 2019 with open access.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}