{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T23:02:08Z","timestamp":1781478128353,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jinan Health Commission's Big Data Technology Plan","award":["Grant number [2023-BD-1-09]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant number [2023-BD-1-09]"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To evaluate the diagnostic value of luteinizing hormone (LH) and LH\/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio at 60 min after gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) stimulation test for central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Two hundred and fifty-seven girls, aged 3 to 7.5 y, suspected of precocious puberty at authors\u2019 hospital from April 2020 through November 2023 were enrolled in the study. The blood was taken at 0, 30, 60 min after GnRHa stimulation test, and LH and LH\/FSH were detected by chemiluminescence assay. The diagnostic efficacy was analysed by Mann\u2013Whitney U test, spearman\u2019s correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The proportion of obesity was analysed by Chi-square test.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>LH and LH\/FSH at different times were statistically significantly different (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;0.05) between the CPP and non-CPP groups. Spearman\u2019s correlation analysis showed that the level of LH and LH\/FSH at 60 min had the strongest consistency with the peak of LH (r\u2009=\u20090.9988, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;0.001) and LH\/FSH (r\u2009=\u20090.9981, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curves at 60 min of LH and LH\/FSH were 0.975 and 0.997 with a cut-off value of 5.70 IU\/L and 0.609, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The peak of LH and LH\/FSH in the diagnosis of CPP can be determined by LH and LH\/FSH at 60 min after the triptorelin acetate is injected. This will reduce the number of blood draws required compared with the traditional stimulation test, which is more effective and acceptable for children.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-024-05137-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T02:02:46Z","timestamp":1715565766000},"page":"853-859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Diagnostic Value of Single LH and LH\/FSH Ratio at 60-minute after GnRHa Stimulation Test for Central Precocious Puberty"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Qingling","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanwei","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4630-9305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"5137_CR1","first-page":"102","volume":"18","author":"YF Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin YF, Zhang YX, Fu DX, Yuan SX, Hou YW, Wei HY. Diagnostic accuracy of luteinizing hormone value recommened by the international consensus updated in 2019 on the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in children in Chinese girls with central precocious puberty. Chin J Evid Based Pediatr. 2023;18:102\u20135.","journal-title":"Chin J Evid Based Pediatr"},{"key":"5137_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02630-3","volume":"72","author":"Y Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Y, Yu T, Li X, et al. Prevalence of precocious puberty among Chinese children: a school population-based study. Endocrine. 2021;72:573\u201381.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"5137_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-4667.2012.00094.x","volume":"14","author":"SS Triumuru","year":"2012","unstructured":"Triumuru SS, Arya P, Latthe P, Kirk JMW. Understanding precocious pubety in girls. Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;14:121\u20139.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"5137_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e195881","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.5881","volume":"174","author":"C Eckert-Lind","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eckert-Lind C, Busch AS, Petersen JH, et al. Worldwide secular trends in age at pubertal onset assessed by breast development among girls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174:e195881.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"5137_CR5","first-page":"1065","volume":"59","author":"JQ Pu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pu JQ, Zhang JW, Chen RM, et al. [Survey of height and weight of children and adolescents at different Tanner stages in urban China] [Article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2021;59:1065\u201373.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"5137_CR6","first-page":"16","volume":"61","author":"JF Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu JF, Luo XP. Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of central precocious puberty. Chin J Pediatr. 2023;61:16\u201322.","journal-title":"Chin J Pediatr"},{"key":"5137_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e752","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1783","volume":"123","author":"JC Carel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carel JC, Eugster EA, Rogol A, et al. Consensus statement on the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in children. Pediatrics. 2009;123:e752\u201362.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5137_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04517.x","volume":"78","author":"AV Freire","year":"2013","unstructured":"Freire AV, Escobar ME, Gryngarten MG, et al. High diagnostic accuracy of subcutaneous triptorelin test compared with GnRH test for diagnosing central precocious puberty in girls. Clin Endocrinol. 2013;78:398\u2013404.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"5137_CR9","unstructured":"Subspecialty Group of Endocrinology Hereditary and\u00a0Metabolic Diseases\u00a0Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of central (true) precocious puberty in China.\u00a0Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2007;45:426\u20137."},{"key":"5137_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12507","volume":"33","author":"N Brix","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brix N, Ernst A, Lauridsen LLB, et al. Timing of puberty in boys and girls: a population-based study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018;33:70\u20138.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"5137_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283510","volume":"18","author":"J Mori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mori J, Kang S, Park MJ, et al. Ongoing increasing trends in central precocious puberty incidence among Korean boys and girls from 2008 to 2020. PLoS ONE. 2023;18:e0283510.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5137_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1159\/000501336","volume":"91","author":"KB Krishna","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krishna KB, Fuqua JS, Rogol AD, et al. Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in children: update by an international consortium. Horm Res Paediatr. 2019;91:357\u201372.","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"5137_CR13","unstructured":"Subspecialty Group of Endocrinologic, Hereditary and Metabolic Diseases, the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association; Editorial Board, Chinese Journal of Pediatrics. [Consensus statement for the diagnosis and treatment of central precocious puberty (2015)] [Article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2015;53:412\u20138."},{"key":"5137_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1321905","volume":"44","author":"HS Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee HS, Park HK, Ko JH, Kim YJ, Hwang JS. Utility of basal luteinizing hormone levels for detecting central precocious puberty in girls. Horm Metab Res. 2012;44:851\u20134.","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"5137_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00380-0","volume":"4","author":"AC Latronico","year":"2016","unstructured":"Latronico AC, Brito VN, Carel JC. Causes, diagnosis, and treatment of central precocious puberty. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;4:265\u201374.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"5137_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70255-5","volume":"127","author":"EK Neely","year":"1995","unstructured":"Neely EK, Wilson DM, Lee PA, Stene M, Hintz RL. Spontaneous serum gonadotropin concentrations in the evaluation of precocious puberty. J Pediatr. 1995;127:47\u201352.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"5137_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11061678","volume":"11","author":"C Cipolla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cipolla C, Sodero G, Pane LC, et al. Auxological and metabolic parameters of children undergoing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test: correlations with the final diagnosis of central precocious puberty in a single-center study. Biomedicines. 2023;11:1678.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"5137_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1159\/000232164","volume":"72","author":"P Poomthavorn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Poomthavorn P, Khlairit P, Mahachoklertwattana P. Subcutaneous gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (triptorelin) test for diagnosing precocious puberty. Hormone Res. 2009;72:114\u20139.","journal-title":"Hormone Res"},{"key":"5137_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03796.x","volume":"73","author":"A Sathasivam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sathasivam A, Garibaldi L, Shapiro S, Godbold J, Rapaport R. Leuprolide stimulation testing for the evaluation of early female sexual maturation. Clin Endocrinol. 2010;73:375\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"5137_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.713880","volume":"12","author":"R Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao R, Liu J, Fu P, Zhou Y, Li Z, Liu P. The diagnostic utility of the basal luteinizing hormone level and single 60-minute post GnRH agonist stimulation test for idiopathic central precocious puberty in girls. Front Endocrinol. 2021;12:713880.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"5137_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(23)00237-7","volume":"7","author":"EL Zevin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zevin EL, Eugster EA. Central precocious puberty: a review of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2023;7:886\u201396.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"5137_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1056871","volume":"13","author":"L Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi L, Jiang Z, Zhang L. Childhood obesity and central precocious puberty. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:1056871.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"5137_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children10020241","volume":"10","author":"V Calcaterra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calcaterra V, Magenes VC, Hruby C, et al. Links between childhood obesity, high-fat diet, and central precocious puberty. Children. 2023;10:241.","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"5137_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02936-1","volume":"21","author":"G Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu G, Guo J, Zhang X, Lu Y, Miao J, Xue H. Obesity is a risk factor for central precocious puberty: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr. 2021;21:509.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"5137_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2018.23.4.215","volume":"23","author":"HY Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee HY, Lee YJ, Ahn MB, Cho WK, Suh BK. The effect of overweight on the luteinizing hormone level after gonadorelin stimulation test in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2018;23:215\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5137_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30306-7","volume":"3","author":"T Reinehr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reinehr T, Roth CL. Is there a causal relationship between obesity and puberty? Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019;3:44\u201354.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"5137_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1376-4","volume":"19","author":"Q Lian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lian Q, Mao Y, Luo S, et al. Puberty timing associated with obesity and central obesity in Chinese Han girls. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19:1.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-024-05137-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12098-024-05137-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-024-05137-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T19:46:56Z","timestamp":1757101616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12098-024-05137-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["5137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-024-05137-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5456","0973-7693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5456","type":"print"},{"value":"0973-7693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}