{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:59:17Z","timestamp":1790823557349,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-026-06360-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:23:06Z","timestamp":1784784186000},"page":"1073-1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Airway and Endotracheal Tubes: Role of POCUS"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9295-5933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajathadri Hosur","family":"Ravikumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9800-1367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vimi","family":"Rewari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"6360_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1727","volume":"325","author":"V Russotto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Russotto V, Myatra SN, Laffey JG, et al. Intubation practices and adverse peri-intubation events in critically ill patients from 29 countries. JAMA. 2021;325:1164\u201372.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6360_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-016-0647-5","volume":"63","author":"KN Hiller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hiller KN, Karni RJ, Cai C, Holcomb JB, Hagberg CA. Comparing success rates of anesthesia providers versus trauma surgeons in their use of palpation to identify the cricothyroid membrane in female subjects: a prospective observational study. Can J Anaesth. 2016;63:807\u201317.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"6360_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-015-0326-y","volume":"62","author":"A Lamb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lamb A, Zhang J, Hung O, et al. Accuracy of identifying the cricothyroid membrane by anesthesia trainees and staff in a Canadian institution. Can J Anaesth. 2015;62:495\u2013503.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"6360_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer058","volume":"106","author":"TM Cook","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cook TM, Woodall N, Frerk C; Fourth National Audit Project. Major complications of airway management in the UK: results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Societ. Part 1: Anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106:617\u201331.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"6360_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2019.04.002","volume":"19","author":"TM Price","year":"2019","unstructured":"Price TM, McCoy EP. Emergency front of neck access in airway management. BJA Educ. 2019;19:246\u201353.","journal-title":"BJA Educ"},{"key":"6360_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev123","volume":"114","author":"MS Kristensen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kristensen MS, Teoh WH, Rudolph SS, et al. Structured approach to ultrasound-guided identification of the cricothyroid membrane: a randomized comparison with the palpation method in the morbidly obese. Br J Anaesth. 2015;114:1003\u20134.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"6360_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13465","volume":"71","author":"MS Kristensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kristensen MS, Teoh WH, Rudolph SS, Hesselfeldt R, B\u00f8rglum J, Tvede MF. A randomized cross-over comparison of the transverse and longitudinal techniques for ultrasound-guided identification of the cricothyroid membrane in morbidly obese subjects. Anaesthesia. 2016;71:675\u201383.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"6360_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.10.021","volume":"120","author":"A Higgs","year":"2018","unstructured":"Higgs A, McGrath BA, Goddard C, et al. Guidelines for the management of tracheal intubation in critically ill adults. Br J Anaesth. 2018;120:323\u201352.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"6360_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer059","volume":"106","author":"TM Cook","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cook TM, Woodall N, Harper J, Benger J; Fourth National Audit Project. Major complications of airway management in the UK: results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. Part 2: intensive care and emergency departments. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106:632\u201342.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"6360_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16059","volume":"78","author":"J Hansel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hansel J, Law JA, Chrimes N, Higgs A, Cook TM. Clinical tests for confirming tracheal intubation or excluding oesophageal intubation: a diagnostic test accuracy systematic review and meta-analysis. Anaesthesia. 2023;78:1020\u201330.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"6360_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.16.02010","volume":"36","author":"T Lonchena","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lonchena T, So S, Ibinson J, Roolf P, Orebaugh SL. Optimization of ultrasound transducer positioning for endotracheal tube placement confirmation in cadaveric model. J Ultrasound Med. 2017;36:279\u201384.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"6360_CR12","first-page":"545","volume":"37","author":"MJ Romano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Romano MJ, Lee JS, Chenkin J. Comparison of techniques for visualisation of the airway anatomy for ultrasound-assisted intubation: A prospective study of emergency department patients. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2018;37:545\u201349.","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"key":"6360_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13091541","volume":"13","author":"J Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin J, Bellinger R, Shedd A, et al. Point-of-care ultrasound in airway evaluation and management: A comprehensive review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13:1541.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"6360_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.06.024","volume":"72","author":"M Gottlieb","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gottlieb M, Holladay D, Peksa GD. Ultrasonography for the confirmation of endotracheal tube intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med. 2018;72:627\u201336.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"6360_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-023-00315-8","volume":"15","author":"PG Reuter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reuter PG, Ballouz C, Loeb T, et al. Detecting cervical esophagus with ultrasound on healthy volunteers: learning curve. Ultrasound J. 2023;15:20.","journal-title":"Ultrasound J"},{"key":"6360_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-015-0031-7","volume":"7","author":"J Chenkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chenkin J, McCartney CJ, Jelic T, et al. Defining the learning curve of point-of-care ultrasound for confirming endotracheal tube placement by emergency physicians. Crit Ultrasound J. 2015;7:14.","journal-title":"Crit Ultrasound J"},{"key":"6360_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2017.12.36714","volume":"19","author":"M Gottlieb","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gottlieb M, Nakitende D, Sundaram T, Serici A, Shah S, Bailitz J. Comparison of static versus dynamic ultrasound for the detection of endotracheal intubation. West J Emerg Med. 2018;19:412\u201316.","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"6360_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.019","volume":"38","author":"M Gottlieb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gottlieb M, Holladay D, Burns KM, Nakitende D, Bailitz J. Ultrasound for airway management: An evidence-based review for the emergency clinician. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38:1007\u201313.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"6360_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.4274\/TJAR.2024.241720","volume":"52","author":"SGR Neethirajan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neethirajan SGR, Baskar G, Parameswari A. Focus on POCUS: Identification of early successful intubation by point-of-care ultrasound versus end-tidal carbon dioxide: a prospective comparative study. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2024;52:240\u201346.","journal-title":"Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim"},{"key":"6360_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.05.053","volume":"58","author":"M Gottlieb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gottlieb M, Patel D, Jung C, et al. Comparison of saline versus air for identifying endotracheal intubation with ultrasound. Am J Emerg Med. 2022;58:131\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"6360_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2007.11.002","volume":"20","author":"A Susti\u0107","year":"2008","unstructured":"Susti\u0107 A, Mileti\u0107 D, Proti\u0107 A, Ivanci\u0107 A, Cicvari\u0107 T. Can ultrasound be useful for predicting the size of a left double-lumen bronchial tube? Tracheal width as measured by ultrasonography versus computed tomography. J Clin Anesth. 2008;20:247\u201352.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"6360_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000260136.53694.fe","volume":"104","author":"K Lakhal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lakhal K, Delplace X, Cottier JP, et al. The feasibility of ultrasound to assess subglottic diameter. Anesth Analg. 2007;104:611\u20134.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"6360_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181ef6757","volume":"113","author":"M Shibasaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shibasaki M, Nakajima Y, Ishii S, Shimizu F, Shime N, Sessler DI. Prediction of paediatric endotracheal tube size by ultrasonography. Anesthesiology. 2010;113:819\u201324.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"6360_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06900.x","volume":"66","author":"JY Bae","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bae JY, Byon HJ, Han SS, Kim HS, Kim JT. Usefulness of ultrasound for selecting a correctly sized uncuffed tracheal tube for paediatric patients. Anaesthesia. 2011;66:994\u20138.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"6360_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i5","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew055","volume":"117","author":"A Higgs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Higgs A, Cook TM, McGrath BA. Airway management in the critically ill: the same, but different. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117:i5\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"6360_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201210-1851OC","volume":"187","author":"A De Jong","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Jong A, Molinari N, Terzi N, et al. Early identification of patients at risk for difficult intubation in the intensive care unit: development and validation of the MACOCHA score in a multicenter cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187:832\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"6360_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0703500104","volume":"35","author":"R Komatsu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Komatsu R, Sengupta P, Wadhwa A, et al. Ultrasound quantification of anterior soft tissue thickness fails to predict difficult laryngoscopy in obese patients. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2007;35:32\u20137.","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"6360_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16751","volume":"80","author":"VM Soni","year":"2025","unstructured":"Soni VM, Pappu A, Zarabi S, et al. Point-of-care ultrasound of the upper airway in difficult airway management: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anaesthesia. 2025;80:1556\u201367.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"6360_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005839","volume":"134","author":"A Carsetti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carsetti A, Sorbello M, Adrario E, Donati A, Falcetta S. Airway ultrasound as predictor of difficult direct laryngoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2022;134:740\u201350.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"6360_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09757-z","volume":"33","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Wang X, Du R, Wu Q, Chen L, Ma W. Effectiveness of ultrasonic measurement for the hyomental distance and distance from skin to epiglottis in predicting difficult laryngoscopy in children. Eur Radiol. 2023;33:7849\u201356.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6360_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.5603\/AIT.2018.0017","volume":"50","author":"C Petrisor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petrisor C, Szabo R, Constantinescu C, Prie A, Hagau N. Ultrasound-based assessment of hyomental distances in neutral, ramped, and maximum hyperextended positions, and derived ratios, for the prediction of difficult airway in the obese population: A pilot diagnostic accuracy study. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2018;50:110\u20136.","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther"},{"key":"6360_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_1066_24","volume":"69","author":"R Phulli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Phulli R, Dey S, Maurya I, Neema PK, Karim HMR, Kumar HNL. Can point-of-care ultrasound predict the difficulty in intubation? A prospective observational study. Indian J Anaesth. 2025;69:372\u20139.","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"6360_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-021-04064-1","volume":"90","author":"S Kahlon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kahlon S, Jain D, Bhardwaj N, Gandhi K, Jafra A. Ultrasound evaluation to predict difficult laryngoscopy in children below 2 years. Indian J Pediatr. 2023;90:56\u201360.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"6360_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2024.09.002","volume":"25","author":"R Lohse","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lohse R, Teoh WH, Kristensen MS. Airway ultrasound. BJA Educ. 2025;25:1\u20139.","journal-title":"BJA Educ"},{"key":"6360_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005711","volume":"51","author":"V Bhargava","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhargava V, Rockwell NA, Tawfik D, Haileselassie B, Petrisor C, Su E. Prediction of difficult laryngoscopy using ultrasound: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2023;51:117\u201326.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"6360_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109681","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1109681","volume":"10","author":"WW Tsai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsai WW, Hung KC, Huang YT, et al. Diagnostic efficacy of sonographic measurement of laryngeal air column width difference for predicting the risk of post-extubation stridor: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Med. 2023;10:1109681.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"6360_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2024.111856","volume":"177","author":"A Namavarian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Namavarian A, Levy BB, Tepsich M, et al. Percutaneous tracheostomy in the paediatric population: A systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2024;177:111856.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"6360_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-009-9259-z","volume":"11","author":"AC Flint","year":"2009","unstructured":"Flint AC, Midde R, Rao VA, Lasman TE, Ho PT. Bedside ultrasound screening for pretracheal vascular structures may minimize the risks of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. Neurocrit Care. 2009;11:372\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"6360_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.1999.430207.x","volume":"43","author":"J Bonde","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bonde J, N\u00f8rgaard N, Antonsen K, Faber T. Implementation of percutaneous dilation tracheotomy \u2013 value of preincisional ultrasonic examination? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1999;43:163\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"6360_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4218-6","volume":"42","author":"ALN Gobatto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gobatto ALN, Besen BAMP, Tierno PFGMM, et al. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous dilational tracheostomy versus bronchoscopy-guided percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in critically ill patients (TRACHUS): A randomized noninferiority controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:342\u201351.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"6360_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050422","volume":"23","author":"PM Reilly","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reilly PM, Sing RF, Giberson A, et al. Hypercarbia during tracheostomy: A comparison of percutaneous endoscopic, percutaneous Doppler, and standard surgical tracheostomy. Intensive Care Med. 1997;23:859\u201364.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"6360_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0514-0","volume":"18","author":"M Rudas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rudas M, Seppelt I, Herkes R, Hislop R, Rajbhandari D, Weisbrodt L. Traditional landmark versus ultrasound guided tracheal puncture during percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in adult intensive care patients: a randomised controlled trial. Crit Care. 2014;18:514.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"6360_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-018-1064-8","volume":"65","author":"KE You-Ten","year":"2018","unstructured":"You-Ten KE, Siddiqui N, Teoh WH, et al. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) of the upper airway. Can J Anesth. 2018;65:473\u201384.","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"6360_CR44","first-page":"279","volume":"36","author":"S Petiot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petiot S, Guinot PG, Diouf M, Zogheib E, Dupont H. Learning curve for real-time ultrasound-guided percutaneous tracheostomy. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2017;36:279\u201383.","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-026-06360-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12098-026-06360-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12098-026-06360-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:42:58Z","timestamp":1790822578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12098-026-06360-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-026-06360-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5456","0973-7693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5456","type":"print"},{"value":"0973-7693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"None.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}