{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:51:49Z","timestamp":1791453109960,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000180","name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMW-2024-GR-05138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMW-2024-GR-05138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Crim Just"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mass public shooting research has been hindered by inconsistencies in case definitions, limited behavioral data, and variation in methodological transparency across existing datasets. This short report introduces Sharing Information to Stop Mass Shootings (SISMS), a behavioral and event-level dataset designed to support research on mass public shootings in the United States. SISMS currently includes 171 incidents and 175 perpetrators occurring between 1999 and 2024 for which pre-attack warning behaviors or leakage were confirmed through available source materials and incorporates data derived from public records, official documents, and triangulated open-source reporting. In addition to demographic and incident characteristics, the dataset includes information related to grievances, concerning behaviors, planning and preparation, leakage, and other pre-attack indicators associated with pathways to intended violence. This report describes the dataset structure, inclusion criteria, source collection procedures, and presence-based coding methodology. Potential applications for research and violence prevention also are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-026-09921-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T07:14:19Z","timestamp":1782717259000},"page":"1177-1183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Introducing Sharing Information to Stop Mass Shootings (SISMS): A Short Report on a Behavioral and Event-Level Dataset for the Study of Mass Public Shootings"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-8994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaclyn","family":"Schildkraut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Greene-Colozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Hunter","family":"Martaindale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"9921_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-019-0226-7","volume":"6","author":"M Booty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Booty, M., O\u2019Dwyer, J., Webster, D., McCourt, A., & Crifasi, C. (2019). Describing a mass shooting: The role of databases in understanding burden. Injury Epidemiology, 6, 47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40621-019-0226-7","journal-title":"Injury Epidemiology"},{"key":"9921_CR2","unstructured":"Calhoun, F. S., & Weston, S. W. (2003). Contemporary threat management: A practical guide for identifying, assessing, and managing individuals of violent intent. Specialized Training Services."},{"key":"9921_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-criminol-022422-013842","volume":"8","author":"SM Chermak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chermak, S. M., Freilich, J. D., Greene-Colozzi, E., & Klein, B. R. (2025). Open-source research in criminology and criminal justice. Annual Review of Criminology, 8, 141\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-criminol-022422-013842","journal-title":"Annual Review of Criminology"},{"key":"9921_CR4","unstructured":"Greene-Colozzi, E. (2022). Mitigating the harm of public mass shooting incidents through situational crime prevention (Doctoral dissertation, The Graduate Center, City University of New York). https:\/\/academicworks.cuny.edu\/gc_etds\/4949\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"9921_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/1088767913512205","volume":"18","author":"L Huff-Corzine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huff-Corzine, L., McCutcheon, J. C., Corzine, J., Jarvis, J. P., Tetzlaff-Bemiller, M. J., Weller, M., & Landon, M. (2014). Shooting for accuracy: Comparing data sources on mass murder. Homicide Studies, 18(1), 105\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1088767913512205","journal-title":"Homicide Studies"},{"key":"9921_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2021.101584","volume":"58","author":"C Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, C., Capellan, J. A., & Adler, A. (2021). Exploring the empirical literature on mass shooting: A mixed-method systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 58, 101584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2021.101584","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"9921_CR7","unstructured":"Schildkraut, J. (2021). Can mass shootings be stopped? To address the problem, we must better understand the phenomenon (Policy brief). https:\/\/rockinst.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Public-Mass-Shootings-Brief.pdf"},{"key":"9921_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schildkraut, J., & Elsass, H. J. (2016). Mass shootings: Media, myths, and realities. Praeger.","DOI":"10.5040\/9798400683428"},{"key":"9921_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schildkraut, J., & Lankford, A. (2024). Mass shootings in the United States and beyond: Definitions, contexts, and controversies. In K. A. Burgason, & M. DeLisi (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of homicide studies (pp. 140\u2013166). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003399476-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"9921_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/0735648X.2017.1284689","volume":"41","author":"J Schildkraut","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schildkraut, J., Elsass, H. J., & Meredith, K. (2018). 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Regional Gun Violence Research Consortium. https:\/\/rockinst.org\/gun-violence\/mass-shooting-factsheet\/ Rockefeller Institute of Government."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Criminal Justice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12103-026-09921-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12103-026-09921-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12103-026-09921-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:14:53Z","timestamp":1791450893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12103-026-09921-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["9921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12103-026-09921-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-2316","1936-1351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-2316","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-1351","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}