{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:47:51Z","timestamp":1790246871166,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488240000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head and Neck Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-017-0787-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T06:53:32Z","timestamp":1488264812000},"page":"16-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Update From The 4th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: Nasopharynx"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Edward B.","family":"Stelow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce M.","family":"Wenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"787_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2015.02.021","volume":"32","author":"F Petersson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petersson F. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A review. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2015;32:54\u201373.","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711650105","volume":"165","author":"G Niedobitek","year":"1991","unstructured":"Niedobitek G, Hansmann ML, Herbst H, Young LS, Dienemann D, Hartmann CA, Finn T, Pitteroff S, Welt A, Anagnostopoulos I, Friedrich R, Lobeck H, Sam CK, Araujo I, Rickinson AB, Stein H. Epstein\u2013Barr-Virus and Carcinomas\u2014undifferentiated carcinomas but not squamous-cell carcinomas of the nasopharynx are regularly associated with the virus. J Pathol. 1991;165:17\u201324.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0307-7772.2001.00529.x","volume":"27","author":"DB Goldsmith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goldsmith DB, West TM, Morton R. HLA associations with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in southern Chinese: a meta-analysis. Clin Otolaryngol. 2002;27:61\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"787_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1985.52","volume":"51","author":"SH Chan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chan SH, Chew CT, Prasad U, Wee GB, Srinivasan N, Kunaratnam N. Hla and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malays. Brit J Cancer. 1985;51:389\u201392.","journal-title":"Brit J Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR5","first-page":"607","volume":"4","author":"A Hildesheim","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hildesheim A, Chen CJ, Caporaso NE, Cheng YJ, Hoover RN, Hsu MM, Levine PH, Chen IH, Chen JY, Yang CS, Daly AK, Idle JR. Cytochrome P4502e1 genetic polymorphisms and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma\u2014results from a case-control study conducted in Taiwan. Cancer Epidemiol Biomar. 1995;4:607\u201310.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomar"},{"key":"787_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910590202","volume":"59","author":"XN Zou","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zou XN, Lu SH, Liu B. Volatile N-nitrosamines and their precursors in Chinese salted fish\u2014a possible etiologic factor for NPC in China. Int J Cancer. 1994;59:155\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25696","volume":"129","author":"XM Ji","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ji XM, Zhang WD, Xie CH, Wang BC, Zhang G, Zhou FX. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk by histologic type in central China: impact of smoking, alcohol and family history. Int J Cancer. 2011;129:724\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(95)90040-3","volume":"16","author":"SP Reddy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Reddy SP, Raslan WF, Gooneratne S, Kathuria S, Marks JE. Prognostic-significance of keratinization in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol. 1995;16:103\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"787_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197909)44:3<1029::AID-CNCR2820440335>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"44","author":"K Shanmugaratnam","year":"1979","unstructured":"Shanmugaratnam K, Chan SH, Dethe G, Goh JEH, Khor TH, Simons MJ, Tye CY. Histo-pathology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma\u2014correlations with epidemiology, survival rates and other biological characteristics. Cancer 1979;44:1029\u201344.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.10.020","volume":"110","author":"XM Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun XM, Su SF, Chen CY, Han F, Zhao C, Xiao WW, Deng XW, Huang SM, Lin CG, Lu TX. Long-term outcomes of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for 868 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an analysis of survival and treatment toxicities. Radiother Oncol. 2014;110:398\u2013403.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"787_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-8-30","volume":"8","author":"M Robinson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robinson M, Suh YE, Paleri V, Devlin D, Ayaz B, Pertl L, Thavaraj S. Oncogenic human papillomavirus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an observational study of correlation with ethnicity, histological subtype and outcome in a UK population. Infect Agents Cancer 2013;8:30.","journal-title":"Infect Agents Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198812000-00005","volume":"12","author":"BM Wenig","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wenig BM, Hyams VJ, Heffner DK. Nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma. a clinicopathologic study of a low-grade carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1988;12:946\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2005.11.002","volume":"10","author":"K Pineda-Daboin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pineda-Daboin K, Neto A, Ochoa-Perez V, Luna MA. Nasopharyngeal adenocarcinomas: a clinicopathologic study of 44 cases including immunohistochemical features of 18 papillary phenotypes. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2006;10:215\u201321.","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199401000-00003","volume":"18","author":"LP Dehner","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dehner LP, Valbuena L, Perezatayde A, Reddick RL, Askin FB, Rosai J. Salivary-gland anlage tumor (congenital pleomorphic adenoma)\u2014a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural-study of 9 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18:25\u201336.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2004.08.014","volume":"69","author":"BW Herrmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Herrmann BW, Dehner LP, Lieu JEC. Congenital salivary gland anlage tumor: a case series and review of the literature. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005;69:149\u201356.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"787_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949610501010","volume":"105","author":"DK Heffner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Heffner DK, Thompson LD, Schall DG, Anderson V. Pharyngeal dermoids (\u201chairy polyps\u201d) as accessory auricles. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1996;105:819\u201324.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"787_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(96)90170-7","volume":"27","author":"IS Luk","year":"1996","unstructured":"Luk IS, Chan JK, Chow SM, Leung S. Pituitary adenoma presenting as sinonasal tumor: pitfalls in diagnosis. Hum Pathol. 1996;27:605\u20139.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949009900809","volume":"99","author":"MN Byrne","year":"1990","unstructured":"Byrne MN, Sessions DG. Nasopharyngeal craniopharyngioma. Case report and literature review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1990;99:633\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"787_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196507)18:7<869::AID-CNCR2820180715>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"18","author":"JV Apostol","year":"1965","unstructured":"Apostol JV, Frazell EL. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. A clinical study. Cancer. 1965;18:869\u201378.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR20","first-page":"192","volume":"65","author":"EM Hubbard","year":"1958","unstructured":"Hubbard EM. Nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. AMA Arch Pathol. 1958;65:192\u2013204.","journal-title":"AMA Arch Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(73)80048-0","volume":"126","author":"HB Neel III","year":"1973","unstructured":"Neel HB III, Whicker JH, Devine KD, Weiland LH. Juvenile angiofibroma. review of 120 cases. Am J Surg. 1973;126:547\u201356.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"787_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195401)7:1<15::AID-CNCR2820070104>3.0.CO;2-I","volume":"7","author":"SS Sternberg","year":"1954","unstructured":"Sternberg SS. Pathology of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma; a lesion of adolescent males. Cancer. 1954;7:15\u201328.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90164-8","volume":"105","author":"FM Giardiello","year":"1993","unstructured":"Giardiello FM, Hamilton SR, Krush AJ, Offerhaus JA, Booker SV, Petersen GM. Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:1550\u20132.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"787_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(00)80012-X","volume":"31","author":"B Guertl","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guertl B, Beham A, Zechner R, Stammberger H, Hoefler G. Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: an APC-gene-associated tumor? Hum Pathol. 2000;31:1411\u20133.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820115)49:2<369::AID-CNCR2820490226>3.0.CO;2-Y","volume":"49","author":"KT Chen","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chen KT, Bauer FW. Sarcomatous transformation of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Cancer. 1982;49:369\u201371.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1984.tb02346.x","volume":"8","author":"DV Spagnolo","year":"1984","unstructured":"Spagnolo DV, Papadimitriou JM, Archer M. Postirradiation malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and producing alpha-1-antitrypsin. Histopathology. 1984;8:339\u201352.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"787_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01606891","volume":"423","author":"A Beham","year":"1993","unstructured":"Beham A, Fletcher CD, Kainz J, Schmid C, Humer U. Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: an immunohistochemical study of 32 cases. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1993;423:281\u20135.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol"},{"key":"787_CR28","first-page":"1122","volume":"11","author":"HC Hwang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hwang HC, Mills SE, Patterson K, Gown AM. Expression of androgen receptors in nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: an immunohistochemical study of 24 cases. Mod Pathol. 1998;11:1122\u20136.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64054-0","volume":"158","author":"SC Abraham","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abraham SC, Montgomery EA, Giardiello FM, Wu TT. Frequent beta-catenin mutations in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. Am J Pathol. 2001;158:1073\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195211)5:6<1170::AID-CNCR2820050613>3.0.CO;2-C","volume":"5","author":"DC Dahlin","year":"1952","unstructured":"Dahlin DC, Maccarty CS. Chordoma. Cancer. 1952;5:1170\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197308)32:2<410::AID-CNCR2820320219>3.0.CO;2-S","volume":"32","author":"MJ Heffelfinger","year":"1973","unstructured":"Heffelfinger MJ, Dahlin DC, MacCarty CS, Beabout JW. Chordomas and cartilaginous tumors at the skull base. Cancer. 1973;32:410\u201320.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000209828.39477.ab","volume":"30","author":"BL Hoch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hoch BL, Nielsen GP, Liebsch NJ, Rosenberg AE. Base of skull chordomas in children and adolescents: a clinicopathologic study of 73 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30:811\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19931115)72:10<2943::AID-CNCR2820721014>3.0.CO;2-6","volume":"72","author":"A Mitchell","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mitchell A, Scheithauer BW, Unni KK, Forsyth PJ, Wold LE, McGivney DJ. Chordoma and chondroid neoplasms of the spheno-occiput. An immunohistochemical study of 41 cases with prognostic and nosologic implications. Cancer. 1993;72:2943\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19941015)74:8<2261::AID-CNCR2820740809>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"74","author":"JX O\u2019Connell","year":"1994","unstructured":"O\u2019Connell JX, Renard LG, Liebsch NJ, Efird JT, Munzenrider JE, Rosenberg AE. Base of skull chordoma. A correlative study of histologic and clinical features of 62 cases. Cancer. 1994;74:2261\u20137.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860215)57:4<784::AID-CNCR2820570418>3.0.CO;2-N","volume":"57","author":"KH Perzin","year":"1986","unstructured":"Perzin KH, Pushparaj N. Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. A clinicopathologic study. XIV: Chordomas. Cancer. 1986;57:784\u201396.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"787_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198707000-00003","volume":"11","author":"JM Meis","year":"1987","unstructured":"Meis JM, Raymond AK, Evans HL, Charles RE, Giraldo AA. \u201cDedifferentiated\u201d chordoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of three cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1987;11:516\u201325.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20144","volume":"27","author":"WM Mendenhall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mendenhall WM, Mendenhall CM, Lewis SB, Villaret DB, Mendenhall NP. Skull base chordoma. Head Neck. 2005;27:159\u201365.","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"787_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199212000-00002","volume":"16","author":"KJ Wojno","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wojno KJ, Hruban RH, Garin-Chesa P, Huvos AG. Chondroid chordomas and low-grade chondrosarcomas of the craniospinal axis. An immunohistochemical analysis of 17 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16:1144\u201352.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.196","volume":"24","author":"AR Sangoi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sangoi AR, Karamchandani J, Lane B, Higgins JP, Rouse RV, Brooks JD, McKenney JK. Specificity of brachyury in the distinction of chordoma from clear cell renal cell carcinoma and germ cell tumors: a study of 305 cases. Mod Pathol. 2011;24:425\u20139.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"787_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900120068011","volume":"123","author":"E Hanna","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hanna E, Wanamaker J, Adelstein D, Tubbs R, Lavertu P. Extranodal lymphomas of the head and neck\u2014a 20-year experience. Arch Otolaryngol. 1997;123:1318\u201323.","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"787_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880521","volume":"15","author":"ES Jaffe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jaffe ES. Lymphoid lesions of the head and neck: A model of lymphocyte homing and lymphomagenesis. Modern Pathol. 2002;15:255\u201363.","journal-title":"Modern Pathol"}],"container-title":["Head and Neck Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12105-017-0787-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12105-017-0787-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12105-017-0787-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,25]],"date-time":"2017-06-25T07:33:01Z","timestamp":1498375981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12105-017-0787-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12105-017-0787-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-055X","1936-0568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-055X","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-0568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]}}}