{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T23:53:46Z","timestamp":1768002826937,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Nat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-019-09351-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T07:24:13Z","timestamp":1564039453000},"page":"272-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Near the Knuckle"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0252-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caoilfhionn","family":"O\u2019Riordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"9351_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcr140","volume":"42","author":"M Allen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Allen, M. (2012). Domestic violence within the Irish Travelling community: the challenge for social work. British Journal of Social Work, 42(5), 870\u2013886.","journal-title":"British Journal of Social Work"},{"key":"9351_CR2","volume-title":"Practical statistics for medical research","author":"DG Altman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Altman, D. G. (1991). Practical statistics for medical research. London: Chapman and Hall."},{"key":"9351_CR3","unstructured":"Asch, T., & Chagnon, N. (1975). The ax fight (film). Documentary Educational Resources (DER)."},{"key":"9351_CR4","first-page":"60","volume":"2","author":"M Bagli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bagli, M., & Sev'er, A. (2003). Female and male suicides in Batman, Turkey: poverty, social change, patriarchal oppression and gender links. Women's Health and Urban Life, 2, 60\u201384.","journal-title":"Women's Health and Urban Life"},{"issue":"1","key":"9351_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550611410440","volume":"3","author":"CD Barnes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barnes, C. D., Brown, R. P., & Tamborski, M. (2012). Living dangerously: culture of honor, risk-taking and the nonrandomness of \u201caccidental\u201d deaths. Social Psychology and Personality Science, 3(1), 100\u2013107.","journal-title":"Social Psychology and Personality Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"9351_CR6","first-page":"76","volume":"179","author":"C Beckwith","year":"1991","unstructured":"Beckwith, C., & Fisher, A. (1991). The eloquent Surma of Ethiopia. National Geographic, 179(2), 76\u201399.","journal-title":"National Geographic"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9351_CR7","first-page":"79","volume":"7","author":"C Boehm","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boehm, C. (2000). Conflict and the evolution of social control. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 7(1\u20132), 79\u2013101.","journal-title":"Journal of Consciousness Studies"},{"key":"9351_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167208331161","volume":"35","author":"JK Bosson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bosson, J. K., Vandello, J. A., Burnaford, R. M., Weaver, J. R., & Wasti, S. A. (2009). Precarious manhood and displays of physical aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 623\u2013634.","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"9351_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00023992","volume":"12","author":"DM Buss","year":"1989","unstructured":"Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 12(1), 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Behavioural and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"9351_CR10","volume-title":"The fierce people","author":"NA Chagnon","year":"1968","unstructured":"Chagnon, N. A. (1968). The fierce people. New York: Holt McDougal."},{"issue":"5","key":"9351_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.70.5.945","volume":"70","author":"D Cohen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cohen, D., Bowdle, B. F., & Schwarz, N. (1996). Insult, aggression and the southern culture of honor: An \u201cexperimental ethnography\u201d. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 945\u2013960.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"9351_CR12","volume-title":"On the origin of species by means of natural selection","author":"C Darwin","year":"1861","unstructured":"Darwin, C. (1861). On the origin of species by means of natural selection. London: Murray."},{"key":"9351_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801886560","volume-title":"Chimpanzee politics: Power and sex among apes","author":"F De Waal","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Waal, F. (2007). Chimpanzee politics: Power and sex among apes. New York: JHU Press."},{"key":"9351_CR14","volume-title":"Gypsy empire","author":"E Dillon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dillon, E. (2013). Gypsy empire. London: Transworld Ireland."},{"key":"9351_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10022-000","volume-title":"Frustration and aggression","author":"J Dollard","year":"1939","unstructured":"Dollard, J., Doob, L., Miller, N., Mowrer, O., & Sears, R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven: Yale University Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"9351_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2307\/1571456","volume":"105","author":"T Gallant","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gallant, T. (2000). Honor, masculinity, and ritual knife fighting in nineteenth-century Greece. American Historical Review, 105(2), 359\u2013382.","journal-title":"American Historical Review"},{"key":"9351_CR17","volume-title":"King of the Gypsies: Memoirs of the undefeated bareknuckle champion of Great Britain and Ireland","author":"B Gorman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gorman, B., & Walsh, P. (2002). King of the Gypsies: Memoirs of the undefeated bareknuckle champion of Great Britain and Ireland. Bury: Milo Books."},{"key":"9351_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffin, C. M. (2002). The religion and social organisation of Irish Travellers on a London caravan site (Part 1). Nomadic Peoples, 1, 45\u201368.","DOI":"10.3167\/082279402782311095"},{"key":"9351_CR19","volume-title":"Cultural anthropology: The human challenge","author":"W Haviland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haviland, W., Prins, H., McBride, B., & Walrath, D. (2013). Cultural anthropology: The human challenge. Perth: Cengage Learning Australia."},{"key":"9351_CR20","volume-title":"Social psychology","author":"MA Hogg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hogg, M. A., & Vaughan, G. M. (2011). Social psychology. London: Pearson Education."},{"issue":"9","key":"9351_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687","volume":"15","author":"H-F Hsieh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277\u20131288.","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"9351_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.806","volume":"41","author":"H IJzerman","year":"2011","unstructured":"IJzerman, H., & Cohen, D. (2011). Grounding cultural syndromes: body comportment and values in honor and dignity cultures. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41(4), 456\u2013467.","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"9351_CR23","volume-title":"The dynamics of honor killings in Turkey","author":"F Kardam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kardam, F. (2005). The dynamics of honor killings in Turkey. Ankara: UNDP."},{"key":"9351_CR24","volume-title":"Xhosa: The heritage library of African peoples","author":"R Kaschula","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kaschula, R. (1996). Xhosa: The heritage library of African peoples. London: The Rosen Publishing Group."},{"issue":"5","key":"9351_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2337(1997)23:5<359::AID-AB5>3.0.CO;2-D","volume":"23","author":"D Keltner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Keltner, D., Young, R. C., & Buswell, B. N. (1997). Appeasement in human emotion, social practice, and personality. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 23(5), 359\u2013374.","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression"},{"issue":"12","key":"9351_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.085597","volume":"216","author":"R King","year":"2013","unstructured":"King, R. (2013). Fists of furry: At what point did human fists part company with the rest of the hominid lineage? Journal of Experimental Biology, 216(12), 2361.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9351_CR27","first-page":"507","volume":"50","author":"LL Latham","year":"1997","unstructured":"Latham, L. L. (1997). Review of Culture of honor: The psychology of violence in the South. Personnel Psychology, 50(2), 507\u2013511.","journal-title":"Personnel Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9351_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022151","volume":"100","author":"AK Leung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leung, A. K., & Cohen, D. (2011). Within- and between-culture variation: Individual differences and the cultural logics of honour, face, and dignity cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(3), 507\u2013526.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9351_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/147470491201000101","volume":"10","author":"MP Lombardo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lombardo, M. P. (2012). On the evolution of sport. Evolutionary Psychology, 10(1), 1\u201328.","journal-title":"Evolutionary Psychology"},{"key":"9351_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/246015a0","volume":"24","author":"J Maynard Smith","year":"1973","unstructured":"Maynard Smith, J., & Price, G. R. (1973). The logic of animal conflict. Nature, 24, 15\u201318.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9351_CR31","volume-title":"A Pavee perspective: Travellers\u2019 attitudes to sexual relations and sex education","author":"F McGaughey","year":"2011","unstructured":"McGaughey, F. (2011). A Pavee perspective: Travellers\u2019 attitudes to sexual relations and sex education. Dublin: Pavee Point Traveller and Roma Centre."},{"key":"9351_CR32","unstructured":"Murphy, C. (2012). TD calls for garda probe into bareknuckle boxing. The Irish Herald. https:\/\/www.herald.ie\/news\/td-calls-for-garda-probe-into-bareknuckle-boxing-28001147.html . Accessed 9 Jan 2015."},{"key":"9351_CR33","volume-title":"Culture of honor: The psychology of violence in the South","author":"RE Nisbett","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nisbett, R. E., & Cohen, D. (1996). Culture of honor: The psychology of violence in the South. Boulder: Westview Press."},{"key":"9351_CR34","unstructured":"Pavee Point Traveller and Roma Centre. (2013). Who are the Travellers? https:\/\/www.paveepoint.ie\/irish-travellers-and-roma\/ . Accessed 9 Jan 2015."},{"issue":"3","key":"9351_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2010.02.005","volume":"31","author":"DA Puts","year":"2010","unstructured":"Puts, D. A. (2010). Beauty and the beast: Mechanisms of sexual selection in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31(3), 157\u2013175.","journal-title":"Evolution and Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1566","key":"9351_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2954","volume":"272","author":"D Reby","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reby, D., McComb, K., Cargnelutti, B., Darwin, C., Fitch, W. T., & Clutton-Brock, T. (2005). Red deer stags use formants as assessment cues during intrasexual agonistic interactions. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 272(1566), 941\u2013947.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"9351_CR37","volume-title":"The last of the Nuba","author":"L Riefenstahl","year":"1995","unstructured":"Riefenstahl, L. (1995). The last of the Nuba. New York: St. Martin's Press."},{"key":"9351_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2307\/1537420","volume":"69","author":"KD Roeder","year":"1935","unstructured":"Roeder, K. D. (1935). An experimental analysis of the sexual behavior of the praying mantis (Mantis religiosa). Biological Bulletin, 69, 203\u2013220.","journal-title":"Biological Bulletin"},{"key":"9351_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-014-9214-3","volume":"25","author":"GA Romero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Romero, G. A., Pham, M. N., & Goetz, A. T. (2014). The implicit rules of combat. Human Nature, 25, 496\u2013516.","journal-title":"Human Nature"},{"key":"9351_CR40","volume-title":"Assessment of children","author":"JM Sattler","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sattler, J. M. (1988). Assessment of children. San Diego: Self-published."},{"issue":"1","key":"9351_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610393528","volume":"6","author":"T Scott-Phillips","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scott-Phillips, T., & Dickens, T. E. (2011). Evolutionary theory and the ultimate-proximate distinction in the behavioural human sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 38\u201347.","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"9351_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00348113","volume":"33","author":"R Shine","year":"1979","unstructured":"Shine, R. (1979). Sexual dimorphism and male combat in snakes. Oecolgica, 33(3), 269\u2013277.","journal-title":"Oecolgica"},{"issue":"5","key":"9351_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1086\/285955","volume":"148","author":"RE Simmons","year":"1996","unstructured":"Simmons, R. E., & Scheepers, L. (1996). Winning by a neck: Sexual selection in the evolution of giraffe. American Naturalist, 148(5), 771\u2013786.","journal-title":"American Naturalist"},{"issue":"3","key":"9351_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2013.804899","volume":"24","author":"S Stewart-Williams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stewart-Williams, S., & Thomas, A. G. (2013). The ape that thought it was a peacock: Does evolutionary psychology exaggerate human sex differences? Psychological Inquiry, 24(3), 137\u2013168.","journal-title":"Psychological Inquiry"},{"key":"9351_CR45","unstructured":"Traveller Interagency Programme (2011). Working towards peace: a report on the midlands traveller conflict and mediation initiative. Dublin: Pobal. http:\/\/travellermediation.ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Traveller-Interagency-Programme.pdf . Accessed 19 July 2019."},{"key":"9351_CR46","volume-title":"Duelling in the Old south: Vignettes of social history","author":"JK Williams","year":"1920","unstructured":"Williams, J. K. (1920). Duelling in the Old south: Vignettes of social history. Austin: Texas A&M University Press."},{"key":"9351_CR47","volume-title":"The bite fight: Tyson, Holyfield and the night that changed boxing forever","author":"G Willis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Willis, G. (2013). The bite fight: Tyson, Holyfield and the night that changed boxing forever. Chicago: Triumph Books."},{"key":"9351_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(71)90075-8","volume":"7","author":"D Zillmann","year":"1971","unstructured":"Zillmann, D. (1971). Excitation transfer in communication-mediated aggressive behaviour. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 7, 419\u2013434.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"9351_CR49","volume-title":"Hostility and aggression","author":"D Zillmann","year":"1979","unstructured":"Zillmann, D. (1979). Hostility and aggression. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."}],"container-title":["Human Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12110-019-09351-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12110-019-09351-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12110-019-09351-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T14:37:07Z","timestamp":1695047827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12110-019-09351-7"}},"subtitle":["How Evolutionary Logic Helps Explain Irish Traveller Bare-Knuckle Contests"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12110-019-09351-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-6767","1936-4776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-6767","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-4776","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 July 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}