{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:41:42Z","timestamp":1790797302198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641254400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trends Organ Crim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12117-021-09441-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:03:41Z","timestamp":1641254621000},"page":"235-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cocaine trafficking from non-traditional ports: examining the cases of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4756-2620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Samp\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeska","family":"Troncoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"9441_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anguita Olmedo C (2020) Dynamics of organized crime in the European Union in the context of global insecurity. In: Conde E (Editor in chief), Yaneva Z, Scopelliti M (co-editors) The Routledge Handbook of European Security Law and Policy, Routledge, London, pp 175-197","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429465918-12"},{"key":"9441_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antonelli M (2020a) An exploration of organized crime in Italian ports from an institutional perspective. Presence and activities. Trends Organ Crim. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12117-020-09400-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s12117-020-09400-z"},{"key":"9441_CR3","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Dundovich E, Partecipazione, conflitti e sicurezza","author":"M Antonelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Antonelli M (2020b) I sistemi portuali e gli spazi della criminalit\u00e0 organizzata. In: Dundovich E, Partecipazione, conflitti e sicurezza. Pisa University Press, Pisa, pp 17\u201328"},{"key":"9441_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022216X06000721","volume":"38","author":"E Arias","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arias E (2006) The dynamics of criminal governance: networks and social order in Rio de Janeiro. J Lat Am Stud 38:293\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022216X06000721","journal-title":"J Lat Am Stud"},{"key":"9441_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arias E (2017) Criminal enterprises and governance in Latin America and the Caribbean. Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781316650073","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316650073"},{"key":"9441_CR6","unstructured":"Armada Nacional de Uruguay (2019) Incautaci\u00f3n en el Puerto de Montevideo. Available at: https:\/\/www.armada.mil.uy\/index.php\/noticias\/341-incautacion-en-el-puerto-de-montevideo"},{"key":"9441_CR7","unstructured":"Aug\u00e9 M (1993) Los no lugares. Espacios del anonimato, una antropolog\u00eda de la sobre modernidad. Barcelona, Editorial Gedisa"},{"key":"9441_CR8","unstructured":"Bartolom\u00e9 MC (2016) Drogas y violencia: Colombia, Venezuela, M\u00e9xico y Argentina. ESGlobal, Abril 14. Available at: https:\/\/www.esglobal.org\/drogas-y-violencia-colombia-venezuela-mexico-y-argentina\/"},{"key":"9441_CR9","unstructured":"Bartolom\u00e9 MC (2019) El papel de Bolivia dentro de los esquemas del tr\u00e1fico de coca\u00edna. Real Instituto Elcano, ARI 102\/2019. Available at http:\/\/www.realinstitutoelcano.org\/wps\/portal\/rielcano_es\/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=\/elcano\/elcano_es\/zonas_es\/ari102-2019-bartolome-ventura-papel-de-bolivia-dentro-de-esquemas-del-trafico-de-cocaina"},{"key":"9441_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bartolom\u00e9 MC, Ventura VM (2020) Narcotr\u00e1fico en Am\u00e9rica del Sur m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del bloque andino: los casos de Argentina y Brasil. Revista De Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia Y Seguridad, 14 (1): 205-222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18359\/ries.3760","DOI":"10.18359\/ries.3760"},{"key":"9441_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bueger C, Edmunds T (2020) Blue crime: Conceptualising transnational organised crime at sea Pol\u00edtica Maritime 119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpol.2020.104067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2020.104067"},{"key":"9441_CR12","unstructured":"CEPAL (2019) Informe de la actividad portuaria de Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe 2018. Available at:https:\/\/www.cepal.org\/es\/notas\/informe-la-actividad-portuaria-america-latina-caribe-2018"},{"key":"9441_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CEPAL (2020) Los efectos del COVID-19 en el comercio internacional y la log\u00edstica. Informe especial COVID-19 N\u00b0 6. Naciones Unidas. Available at:https:\/\/www.cepal.org\/es\/publicaciones\/45877-efectos-Covid-19-comercio-internacional-la-logistica","DOI":"10.18356\/16820908-2020-132-7"},{"key":"9441_CR14","volume-title":"Narcotr\u00e1fico mar\u00edtimo: fen\u00f3meno transnacional que afecta la seguridad continental","author":"CIMCOM","year":"2018","unstructured":"CIMCOM (2018) Narcotr\u00e1fico mar\u00edtimo: fen\u00f3meno transnacional que afecta la seguridad continental. Colombia, Armada Nacional Rep\u00fablica de"},{"key":"9441_CR15","unstructured":"CIMCON (2020) Cat\u00e1logo de modalidades de narcotr\u00e1fico mar\u00edtimo. Edici\u00f3n N\u00b01. Available at: http:\/\/www.cicad.oas.org\/main\/aboutcicad\/activities_spa.asp?IE=BS0215"},{"key":"9441_CR16","unstructured":"Delgado J (2020) Uruguay detiene mayor cargamento de coca\u00edna de su historia Di\u00e1logo, Revista Militar Digital. Available at: https:\/\/dialogo-americas.com\/es\/articles\/uruguay-detiene-mayor-cargamento-de-cocaina-de-su-historia\/"},{"key":"9441_CR17","unstructured":"El Observador (2019) Al menos cuatro bandas ingresaron droga en avionetas en los \u00faltimos diez a\u00f1os. Available at: https:\/\/www.elobservador.com.uy\/nota\/al-menos-cuatro-bandas-ingresaron-droga-en-avionetas-en-los-ultimos-diez-anos-201991715553 Recovered 20\/02\/21"},{"key":"9441_CR18","unstructured":"El Pa\u00eds (2020) La coca\u00edna universal, 12\/13\/2020. Available at: https:\/\/elpais.com\/internacional\/2020-12-12\/la-cocaina-universal.html. Recovered 18\/01\/21"},{"key":"9441_CR19","first-page":"342","volume":"43","author":"G Ewig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ewig G (2017) El crimen organizado de las drogas ilegales en el Uruguay del siglo XXI. Una aproximaci\u00f3n normativa y cuantitativa, Revistas de la Facultad de Derecho 43:342\u2013382","journal-title":"Una aproximaci\u00f3n normativa y cuantitativa, Revistas de la Facultad de Derecho"},{"key":"9441_CR20","unstructured":"Fiscal\u00eda de Chile (2020) Observatorio del narcotr\u00e1fico. Informe 2020. Ministerio P\u00fablico, Santiago. Available at:\u00a0http:\/\/www.fiscaliadechile.cl\/Fiscalia\/quienes\/observatorionarcotrafico2020.jsp.\u00a0Recovered 01\/12\/21"},{"key":"9441_CR21","unstructured":"Guterres A (2020) 2020. UN secretary-General's message. United Nations. Available at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/observances\/maritime-day\/messages. Recovered 01\/08\/21"},{"key":"9441_CR22","first-page":"96","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of organized crime","author":"D Hobbs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hobbs D, Antonopoulos G (2014) How to research organized crime. In: Paoli L (ed) The Oxford handbook of organized crime. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 96\u2013117"},{"key":"9441_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190849146.001.0001","volume-title":"Borderland battles: violence, crime, and governance at the edges of Colombia\u2019s war","author":"A Idler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Idler A (2019) Borderland battles: violence, crime, and governance at the edges of Colombia\u2019s war. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"9441_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jenss A (2020) Global flows and everyday violence in urban space: the port-city of Buenaventura, Colombia. Polit Geogr 77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polgeo.2019.102113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polgeo.2019.102113"},{"key":"9441_CR25","unstructured":"JIFE (2020) Informe de la Junta Internacional de Fiscalizaci\u00f3n de Estupefacientes correspondiente a 2019. Naciones Unidas, Viena. Available at: https:\/\/www.incb.org\/documents\/Publications\/AnnualReports\/AR2019\/Annual_Report\/Spanish_ebook_AR2019.pdf. Recovered 01\/18\/21 Available at: https:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/el-mundo\/coronavirus-reino-unido-incautaron-14-kilos-cocaina-nid2354617"},{"key":"9441_CR26","unstructured":"Klipphan A (19 de agosto 2017). La mafia de los narcoaviones por dentro. Infobae. Availability at: https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/sociedad\/2017\/08\/19\/la-mafia-de-los-narcoaviones-por-dentro\/"},{"key":"9441_CR27","volume-title":"Geopol\u00edtica de las drogas","author":"A Labrousse","year":"2012","unstructured":"Labrousse A (2012) Geopol\u00edtica de las drogas. Santiago, LOM Ediciones"},{"key":"9441_CR28","unstructured":"Lantsman L (2017) Seaport vulnerability to criminal networks: a mixed method approach to measuring criminological vulnerability in the top 30 U.S. container ports. CUNY academic works. Availability at: https:\/\/academicworks.cuny.edu\/gc_etds\/2009\/. Recovered 01\/06\/2021"},{"key":"9441_CR29","volume-title":"La producci\u00f3n del espacio","author":"H Lefebvre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lefebvre H (2013) La producci\u00f3n del espacio. Capitan Swing Libros, Madrid"},{"key":"9441_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lessing B (2020) Conceptualizing criminal governance. Perspectives on Politics, First View, pp- 1-20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1537592720001243","DOI":"10.1017\/S1537592720001243"},{"key":"9441_CR31","unstructured":"Madsen C (2018) Pacific gateway: state surveillance and interdiction of criminal activity on Vancouver's waterfront. Salus Journal, 6 (1) 26-43. Availability at: https:\/\/search.informit.org\/doi\/10.3316\/informit.483369298415687. Recovered 01\/12\/2021"},{"key":"9441_CR32","volume-title":"Un sentido global del lugar","author":"D Massey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Massey D (2012) Un sentido global del lugar. Icaria Espacio cr\u00edticos, Barcelona"},{"key":"9441_CR33","unstructured":"McDermott J et al (2021) The cocaine pipeline to Europe. Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime & Insight Crime. Availability at: https:\/\/globalinitiative.net\/analysis\/cocaine-to-europe\/"},{"key":"9441_CR34","unstructured":"Moiseienko A, Reid A, Chase I (2020) Improving governance and tackling crime in free-trade zones. Royal United Services Institutee for Defence and security studies, London. Availability at: https:\/\/rusi.org\/publication\/occasional-papers\/improving-governance-and-tackling-crime-free-trade-zones. Recovered 01\/12\/2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"9441_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427807309630","volume":"45","author":"C Morselli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morselli C, Royer M-N (2008) Criminal mobility and criminal achievement. J Res Crime Delinq 45(1):4\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022427807309630","journal-title":"J Res Crime Delinq"},{"key":"9441_CR36","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez A (2014) Mares de Coca\u00edna. Las rutas n\u00e1uticas del narcotr\u00e1fico. Grijalbo, M\u00e9xico D.F"},{"key":"9441_CR37","unstructured":"Roks R, Bisschop L, Staring R (2020) Getting a foot in the door. Spaces of cocaine trafficking in the Port of Rotterdam Trends Organ Crim. 101007\/s12117-020-09394-8"},{"key":"9441_CR38","unstructured":"Samp\u00f3 C (2017a) Narcotr\u00e1fico y trata de personas, una muestra de c\u00f3mo el crimen organizado avanza en Argentina. Revista Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad 12 (2), pp. 267-286. 10.18359\/ries.2774"},{"key":"9441_CR39","unstructured":"Samp\u00f3 C (2017b) \u201cEl tr\u00e1fico de droga en la Argentina: Estado de la cuesti\u00f3n, cuesti\u00f3n de Estado\u201d Revista Sociales en Debate, 11, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 82-89"},{"key":"9441_CR40","unstructured":"Samp\u00f3 C (2019a) De la reclusi\u00f3n en las prisiones al control del tr\u00e1fico de coca\u00edna: la evoluci\u00f3n de las organizaciones criminales brasile\u00f1as., DT 11\/2019 Real Instituto Elcano. Available at http:\/\/www.realinstitutoelcano.org\/wps\/wcm\/connect\/d7fd07d1-ca0d-45a4-b227-6010c63a6cbb\/DT11-2019-Sampo-reclusion-prisiones-control-trafico-cocaina-evolucion-organizaciones-criminales-brasilenas.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=d7fd07d1-ca0d-45a4-b227-6010c63a6cbb. recovered 22\/01\/21"},{"key":"9441_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Samp\u00f3 C (2019b) El tr\u00e1fico de coca\u00edna entre Am\u00e9rica Latina y \u00c1frica Occidental URVIO, Revista Latinoamericana De Estudios De Seguridad, (24):187-203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17141\/urvio.24.2019.3700","DOI":"10.17141\/urvio.24.2019.3700"},{"key":"9441_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samp\u00f3 C, Ferreira M (2020) De la fragmentaci\u00f3n de las estructuras criminales a una proto-mafia: un an\u00e1lisis del Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) en Sudam\u00e9rica. Revista de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional 6(2):101-115. 10.18847\/1.12.6","DOI":"10.18847\/1.12.6"},{"key":"9441_CR43","unstructured":"Samp\u00f3 C, Quir\u00f3s L (2018) \u201cLas estructuras criminales en Argentina y las iniciativas de cooperaci\u00f3n estatal a fin de combatir su avance\u201d Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de An\u00e1lisis Pol\u00edtico 12(2):337-358"},{"key":"9441_CR44","volume-title":"De la totalidad al lugar","author":"M Santos","year":"1996","unstructured":"Santos M (1996) De la totalidad al lugar. Oikos Tau, Barcelona"},{"key":"9441_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sergi A (2020a): Policing the port, watching the city. Manifestations of organised crime in the port of Genoa Policing and Society. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10439463.2020.1758103","DOI":"10.1080\/10439463.2020.1758103"},{"key":"9441_CR46","volume-title":"The port-crime Interface: a report on organised crime and corruption in seaports","author":"A Sergi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sergi A (2020b) The port-crime Interface: a report on organised crime and corruption in seaports. Kindle Direct Publishing & Amazon Media"},{"key":"9441_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sergi A (2020c) Playing Pac-Man in Portville: policing the dilution and fragmentation of drugs importations through major seaports. Eur J Criminol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1477370820913465","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370820913465"},{"key":"9441_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlcj.2020.100424","volume":"63","author":"A Sergi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sergi A, Storti L (2020) Survive or perish: organised crime in the port of Montreal and the port of New York\/New Jersey. Int J Law, Crime Justice 63:100424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlcj.2020.100424","journal-title":"Int J Law, Crime Justice"},{"key":"9441_CR49","unstructured":"Sergi, A. et al (2020) SECUR.PORT workshop: a conceptual report and summary of activities. Ghent University, University of Essex, RUSI"},{"key":"9441_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souto Zabaleta M, Delfino P, Sarti SS (2019) Consideraciones cr\u00edticas sobre el abordaje del problema del narcotr\u00e1fico en Argentina. Revista IUS 13(44):51-88. 10.35487\/rius.v13i44.2019.466","DOI":"10.35487\/rius.v13i44.2019.466"},{"key":"9441_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swedberg R (2020) Exploratory Research. In: C. Elman C, J. Gerring J, Mahoney J (eds) The Production of Knowledge: Enhancing Progress in Social Science (Strategies for Social Inquiry, p\u00e1gs. 17-41). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, oo, 17 -41","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108762519.002"},{"key":"9441_CR52","unstructured":"Transparency International (2021) Corruption perceptions index. Availability at: https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/en\/cpi\/2020\/index\/ury"},{"key":"9441_CR53","unstructured":"Troncoso V (2016) Una aproximaci\u00f3n al crimen organizado en la Triple Frontera de Bolivia, Chile y Per\u00fa. Debates Latinoamericanos 14 (29), pp 130-149. Availability at: https:\/\/revistas.rlcu.org.ar\/index.php\/Debates\/article\/view\/314"},{"key":"9441_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Troncoso V (2017). Narcotr\u00e1fico y el desaf\u00edo a la seguridad en la triple frontera andina. Rev.relac.int.estrateg.segur 12(1): 103-130. 10.18359\/ries.2466","DOI":"10.18359\/ries.2466"},{"key":"9441_CR55","unstructured":"UNCTAD (2020) Review of maritime transport. United Nations Publications, New York. Available at: https:\/\/unctad.org\/webflyer\/review-maritime-transport-2020"},{"key":"9441_CR56","unstructured":"UNODC (2019) World drug report 2019. United Nations publication, Vienna. Available at: https:\/\/wdr.unodc.org\/wdr2019\/"},{"key":"9441_CR57","unstructured":"UNODC (2020) World drug report 2020, booklet 3: drug supply. United Nations publication, sales no. E.20.XI.6, Vienna. Available at: https:\/\/wdr.unodc.org\/wdr2020\/en\/drug-supply.html"},{"key":"9441_CR58","unstructured":"UNODC (n.d.-a) CCP Glossary of Terms. Available at:https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/ropan\/en\/BorderControl\/container-control\/ccp-glossary-of-terms.html"},{"key":"9441_CR59","unstructured":"UNODC (n.d.-b) UNODC-OMA Programa Global de Control de Contenedores. Available at:https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/ropan\/es\/BorderControl\/container-control\/ccp.html"},{"key":"9441_CR60","unstructured":"Vander Beken T, Drefruytier M (2004) Measure for measure methodological tools for assessing the risk of organised crime. In: van Duyne P et al (eds) Threats and phantoms of organised crime, corruption and terrorism; rhetoric and critical perspectives. Wolf Legal Publishers, pp 51-84"},{"key":"9441_CR61","unstructured":"Von Lampe K (2004) Measuring Organised Crime A Critique of Current Approaches. In: van Duyne P et al (eds) Threats and Phantoms of Organised Crime, Corruption and Terrorism; Rhetoric and critical perspectives. Wolf Legal Publishers, pp 85 -116"},{"key":"9441_CR62","volume-title":"Organized crime: analyzing illegal activities, criminal structures, and extra-legal governance","author":"K Von Lampe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Von Lampe K (2015) Organized crime: analyzing illegal activities, criminal structures, and extra-legal governance. SAGE Publications, London"},{"key":"9441_CR63","unstructured":"World Economic Forum (2019) The Global Competitiveness Report 2019. Available at: https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/reports\/how-to-end-a-decade-of-lost-productivity-growth"},{"key":"9441_CR64","unstructured":"Zaitch D (2001) Traquetos : Colombians involved in the cocaine business in the Netherlands,, PhD Thesis, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam: Bureau Grafische Produkties UvA"},{"key":"9441_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020691532717","volume":"38","author":"D Zaitch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zaitch D (2002) From Cali to Rotterdam: perceptions of Colombian cocaine traffickers on the Dutch port. Crime, Law & Social Change 38:239\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1020691532717","journal-title":"Crime, Law & Social Change"},{"key":"9441_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zaitch D Antonopoulo G (2019) Organised crime in Latin America: an introduction to the special issue trends in organized crime 22:141-147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12117-019-09364-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12117-019-09364-9"}],"container-title":["Trends in Organized Crime"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12117-021-09441-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12117-021-09441-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12117-021-09441-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T11:36:55Z","timestamp":1744112215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12117-021-09441-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12117-021-09441-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1084-4791","1936-4830"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1084-4791","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-4830","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 November 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The manuscript is submitted only to Trends in Organized Crime. It is also an original piece, unpublished in each one of its parts. The authors declare that the data presented in the article are their own. We also have cited appropriately all the relevant literature we have found.Interviews were made off the record and due to the sensitivity of the topic, key informants asked to remain anonymous. We have consent to reproduce their words only if name and title remains confidential. We think it is not proper to publish the interviews since in many of them the informants talk about their positions and sensitive information that may compromise their jobs.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statements"}}]}}