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We aimed to prospectively compare these two innovative biotechnologies in the characterization of coronary artery inflammation, which has never been attempted before.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>OCT and FDG PET\/CT were performed in 18 patients with single vessel coronary artery disease, treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation, divided into 2 groups: NSTEMI\/UA (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) and stable angina (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Plaque rupture\/erosion recurred more frequently [100% vs 25%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001] and FDG uptake was greater [TBR median 1.50 vs 0.87, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004] in NSTEMI\/UA than stable angina patients. FDG uptake resulted greater in patients with than without plaque rupture\/erosion [1.2 (0.86\u20131.96) vs 0.87 (0.66\u20131.07), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013]. Among NSTEMI\/UA patients, no significant difference in FDG uptake was found between ruptured and eroded plaques. The highest FDG uptake values were found in ruptured plaques, belonging to patients with NSTEMI\/UA. OCT and PET\/CT agreed in 72% of patients [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018]: 100% of patients with plaque rupture\/erosion and increased FDG uptake had NSTEMI\/UA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For the first time, we demonstrated that the correspondence between increased FDG uptake with PET\/CT and morphology of coronary plaque instability at OCT is high.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-021-01651-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T13:02:32Z","timestamp":1626526952000},"page":"1136-1146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Coronary plaque instability assessed by positron emission tomography and optical coherence tomography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Galiuto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Leccisotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8589-7328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Locorotondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Burzotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Trani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Niccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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