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This study assessed the registration accuracy of MRI and amyloid\/tau-PET images using SPM\u2019s default settings and a modified approach (Modified SPM) incorporating a repeated optimization process. Registration accuracy was also examined in PET images without scatter\/attenuation correction (uncorrected PET), mimicking PET-only systems lacking structural imaging for attenuation correction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four PET tracers were analyzed: two amyloid tracers ([\n                      <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                      C]PiB, [\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2078F]florbetapir) and two tau tracers ([\n                      <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                      C]PBB3, [\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2078F]THK5351). The MR images were manually registered on the PET scans, then misaligned with known perturbations, and re-registered using the default SPM and the Modified SPM. The registration error was defined as the difference between the applied perturbations and re-registration parameters. A voxel size of 2.0\u2009\u00d7\u20092.0\u2009\u00d7\u20093.27 mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      was used; errors less than one voxel were considered acceptable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average errors were less than one voxel overall; however, when stratified by PET-negative and PET-positive cases, rotational displacements were observed in tau-PET images with the default SPM only. The Modified SPM reduced these errors and improved the accuracy of uncorrected PET images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Registration accuracy between amyloid\/tau-PET and MR images using default SPM was generally acceptable, although larger errors were observed in tau and uncorrected PET images. Incorporating a repeated optimization process (Modified SPM) improved registration robustness, particularly in these challenging cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-026-02159-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T13:04:27Z","timestamp":1770210267000},"page":"584-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Registration accuracy of amyloid\/tau-PET to brain MRI using modified SPM method"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Yuma","family":"Iwao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Akamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneyuki","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Wagatsuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiga","family":"Yamaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1953-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miwako","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598130","volume":"24","author":"C Studholme","year":"1997","unstructured":"Studholme C, Hill DL, Hawkes DJ. 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