{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T07:12:42Z","timestamp":1788592362396,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Nucl Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As a pan-tumor tracer, chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-directed [\n                      <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ga]Ga-PentixaFor is frequently utilized in patients with hematological malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the impact of recent surgical and interventional procedures on uptake.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients undergoing [\n                      <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET\/CT after prior surgical or interventional procedures were analyzed. Uptake at the procedural site was assessed visually and quantitatively (by applying maximum standardized uptake values [SUV\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ], target-to-background ratios [TBR]). Quantitative parameters were compared across anatomical region groups (bone, organ, (sub-)cutaneous, muscle). We stratified patients demonstrating uptake in procedural sites into an early (0\u201330 days) and late group (\u2265\u200931 days between intervention and [\n                      <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET). In patients with available [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG PET\/CT, quantitative correlation analyses between both radiotracers were also performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 425 [\n                      <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET\/CT examinations, 87 prior invasive procedures (20.5%) were identified. In 53 patients allocated to the early group, 29 subjects demonstrated uptake (54.7%), while in the late group, 22 out of 34 subjects revealed tracer accumulation at procedural sites (64.7%). Across the predefined temporal intervals, uptake rates varied numerically but did not differ significantly overall (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.071). [\n                      <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ga]Ga-PentixaFor SUV\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\u03c1 = -0.03,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.807) and TBR (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.02,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.876) showed no significant association between time since procedure. On a compartment level, SUV\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.482) and TBR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.696) revealed no significant differences across investigated anatomical regions. In cases with available [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG PET (21\/51 [41.2%]), quantitative uptake in procedural sites correlated significantly between both radiotracers (SUV\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      : \u03c1\u2009=\u20090.55,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016; TBR: \u03c1\u2009=\u20090.68,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), indicating that different inflammatory signatures at procedural sites may be captured by both radiotracers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-procedural CXCR4 uptake occurs frequently, with no statistically significant overall association with time since intervention or involved anatomical compartment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-026-02276-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T06:50:26Z","timestamp":1788591026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Procedure-related uptake on CXCR4 PET\/CT: a frequent pitfall independent of time and anatomical site"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Sebastian E.","family":"Serfling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjun","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp E.","family":"Hartrampf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas K.","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf A.","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2276_CR1","first-page":"1687","volume":"63","author":"AK Buck","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buck AK, Haug A, Dreher N, Lambertini A, Higuchi T, Lapa C, et al. Imaging of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 Expression in 690 Patients with Solid or Hematologic Neoplasms Using (68)Ga-Pentixafor PET. J Nucl Med. 2022;63(11):1687\u201392.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2276_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668758","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.668758","volume":"12","author":"H Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen H, Li G, Liu Y, Ji S, Li Y, Xiang J, et al. Pleiotropic Roles of CXCR4 in Wound Repair and Regeneration. Front Immunol. 2021;12:668758.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2276_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646006","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1646006","volume":"16","author":"L Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang L, Nie F, Lu Z, Chong Y. Correction: Mechanism underlying the involvement of CXCR4\/CXCL12 in diabetic wound healing and prospects for responsive hydrogel-loaded CXCR4 formulations. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1646006.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2276_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15896","volume":"78","author":"CR Bain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bain CR, Myles PS, Corcoran T, Dieleman JM. Postoperative systemic inflammatory dysregulation and corticosteroids: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2023;78(3):356\u201370.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"11","key":"2276_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06733-7","volume":"51","author":"PG Maliha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maliha PG, Hotta M, Farolfi A, Grogan T, Alano R, Limon A, et al. FAPI PET uptake patterns after invasive medical interventions: a single center retrospective analysis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2024;51(11):3373\u201385.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2276_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-022-01376-w","volume":"41","author":"C Okuyama","year":"2023","unstructured":"Okuyama C, Higashi T, Ishizu K, Saga T. FDG-PET findings associated with various medical procedures and treatments. Jpn J Radiol. 2023;41(5):459\u201376.","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2276_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.19050","volume":"7","author":"C Lapa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lapa C, Herrmann K, Schirbel A, Hanscheid H, Luckerath K, Schottelius M, et al. CXCR4-directed endoradiotherapy induces high response rates in extramedullary relapsed Multiple Myeloma. Theranostics. 2017;7(6):1589\u201397.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2276_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frohlich M, Serfling SE, Gernert M, Guggenberger K, Higuchi T, Gerhard-Hartmann E et al. Establishing C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 as a novel imaging target in giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2026;28(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-026-03747-4"},{"issue":"8","key":"2276_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.125.269914","volume":"66","author":"E Novruzov","year":"2025","unstructured":"Novruzov E, Sheikh GT, Mamlins E, Holzgreve A, Mori Y, Ledderose S, et al. Meeting Upcoming Clinical and Diagnostic Needs in Oncologic Imaging: A Structured Reporting System for Fibroblast-Activation-Protein-Targeted Imaging-FAP-RADS Version 1.0. J Nucl Med. 2025;66(8):1245\u201351.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2276_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werner RA, Hartrampf PE, Fendler WP, Serfling SE, Derlin T, Higuchi T, et al. Eur Urol. 2023;84(5):491\u2013502. Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Reporting and Data System Version 2.0.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.06.008"},{"issue":"7","key":"2276_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.206631","volume":"59","author":"RA Werner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Werner RA, Solnes LB, Javadi MS, Weich A, Gorin MA, Pienta KJ, et al. SSTR-RADS Version 1.0 as a Reporting System for SSTR PET Imaging and Selection of Potential PRRT Candidates: A Proposed Standardization Framework. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(7):1085\u201391.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2276_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399411001943","volume":"13","author":"TJ Koh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koh TJ, DiPietro LA. Inflammation and wound healing: the role of the macrophage. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2011;13:e23.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"2276_CR13","first-page":"401","volume":"58","author":"SR Rosenthal","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rosenthal SR. Cancer precursors and their control by BCG. Dev Biol Stand. 1986;58(Pt A):401\u201316.","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand"},{"issue":"44","key":"2276_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2419568122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2419568122","volume":"122","author":"K Schindlmaier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schindlmaier K, Haitzmann T, Bubalo V, Konrad B, Jelwan J, Bluemel G, et al. Metabolic adaptation of glucose-deprived macrophages involves partial gluconeogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025;122(44):e2419568122.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"9","key":"2276_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.06.057","volume":"74","author":"RH Al-Mashhadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Mashhadi RH, Tolbod LP, Bloch LO, Bjorklund MM, Nasr ZP, Al-Mashhadi Z, et al. (18)Fluorodeoxyglucose Accumulation in Arterial Tissues Determined by PET Signal Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(9):1220\u201332.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Nuclear Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12149-026-02276-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12149-026-02276-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12149-026-02276-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T06:50:27Z","timestamp":1788591027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12149-026-02276-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["2276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12149-026-02276-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0914-7187","1864-6433"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0914-7187","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-6433","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"RAW received speaker honoraria from and reports advisory board work for Novartis\/AAA. SES reports advisory board work for Novartis\/AAA.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Participants consented to imaging procedures, as well as to potential scientific analyses.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg (#20210726 02).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA) to assist with language editing, minor structuring of the manuscript, research and statistics. All content was critically reviewed and approved by the authors, who take full responsibility for the integrity of the work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Statement on AI","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}