{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:46:03Z","timestamp":1791841563696,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Nucl Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pre-therapy blood\u2013marrow dosimetry for \u00b9\u00b3\u00b9I treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) requires serial imaging and blood sampling, limiting clinical adoption. When blood data are unavailable, operators fall back to fixed or imaging-only prescribing, usually without an explicit uncertainty bound. We characterise the cohort electron blood self-dose fraction (\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>frac<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in a single-centre \u00b9\u00b2\u2074I PET cohort and quantify the uncertainty incurred by substituting that reference for patient-specific blood data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Retrospective single-centre analysis of 18 pre-therapy \u00b9\u00b2\u2074I PET courses in 15 DTC patients with paired serial venous blood-counting, all prepared by thyroid-hormone withdrawal. Time\u2013activity curves were fitted in the \u00b9\u00b3\u00b9I therapy frame following the EANM Standard Operational Procedure, separating D\n                      <jats:sub>blood<\/jats:sub>\n                      into its electron (\u03b2, blood self-dose) and photon (\u03b3, body cross-fire) components. The substitution uncertainty was propagated analytically, then validated against patient-level errors by leave-one-patient-out cross-validation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cohort \u03b2 fraction was 84.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8% across 18 courses (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD; median 85.4%; 95% CI 82.0\u201386.7%), and 84.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6% over the 15 patients. The \u03b2 fraction decreased with body weight (\u2212\u20090.113 pp\/kg,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019), although not significantly when reduced to one value per patient (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.118); the association is therefore exploratory. Substitution gave a per-patient 1-\u03c3 uncertainty on the imaging-only D\n                      <jats:sub>blood<\/jats:sub>\n                      estimate of \u2248\u200930%. Under leave-one-patient-out cross-validation the mean absolute percentage error was 26.3% and the RMSE 32.7%, with 12 of 18 courses within \u00b1\u200930% of their reference.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort \u03b2 fraction of 84.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8% is proposed as a fall-back reference for blood-free prescribing in DTC radioiodine therapy. Because the estimator\u2019s error is multiplicative on the estimate, a prescribing cap must come from the lower tail of that error, giving approximately 1.0\u20131.2\u00a0Gy in this cohort. No 95% coverage is demonstrated at this sample size, and the cap is offered as an exploratory observation requiring local confirmation rather than a validated threshold. The decomposition is imaging-modality agnostic for \u00b9\u00b3\u00b9I clearance studies and therefore potentially applicable to low-dose \u00b9\u00b3\u00b9I SPECT, although no SPECT data were analysed here.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-026-02297-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:33:07Z","timestamp":1791826387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A cohort electron blood self-dose fraction and its propagated uncertainty for \u00b9\u00b2\u2074I PET pre-therapy dosimetry in radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8029-9951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Badawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3543-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lachlan","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7164-1054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Price","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6482-5326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2297_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-008-0761-x","volume":"35","author":"M Lassmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lassmann M, H\u00e4nscheid H, Chiesa C, Hindorf C, Flux G, Luster M. EANM Dosimetry Committee series on standard operational procedures for pre-therapeutic dosimetry I: blood and bone marrow dosimetry in differentiated thyroid cancer therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35:1405\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-008-0761-x.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2297_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4274\/2017.26.suppl.07","volume":"26","author":"R Kuker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuker R, Sztejnberg M, Gulec S. I-124 imaging and dosimetry. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther. 2017;26(Suppl 1):66\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/2017.26.suppl.07.","journal-title":"Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther"},{"key":"2297_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-021-01655-y","volume":"36","author":"D Plyku","year":"2022","unstructured":"Plyku D, Hobbs RF, Wu D, Garcia C, Sgouros G, Van Nostrand D. I-124 PET\/CT image-based dosimetry in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with I-131: correlation of patient-specific lesional dosimetry to treatment response. Ann Nucl Med. 2022;36:213\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12149-021-01655-y.","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"2297_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502753522356","volume":"12","author":"D Van Nostrand","year":"2002","unstructured":"Van Nostrand D, Atkins F, Yeganeh F, Acio E, Bursaw R, Wartofsky L. Dosimetrically determined doses of radioiodine for the treatment of metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2002;12:121\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/105072502753522356.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2297_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.116.186643","volume":"58","author":"GD Flux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flux GD, Verburg FA, Chiesa C, Bardi\u00e8s M, Gleisner KS, Hertz B, et al. Comparison of empiric versus dosimetry-guided radioiodine therapy: the devil is in the details. J Nucl Med. 2017;58:862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.116.186643.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2297_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2020.11.010","volume":"33","author":"M Beasley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beasley M, Garcez K. Prospects for personalised treatment of patients with radioiodine-avid locally recurrent or metastatic thyroid cancer. Clin Oncol. 2021;33:75\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2020.11.010.","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2297_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4136-7","volume":"45","author":"JI Gear","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gear JI, Cox MG, Gustafsson J, Gleisner KS, Murray I, Glatting G, et al. EANM practical guidance on uncertainty analysis for molecular radiotherapy absorbed dose calculations. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018;45:2456\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-018-4136-7.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2297_CR8","first-page":"648","volume":"47","author":"H H\u00e4nscheid","year":"2006","unstructured":"H\u00e4nscheid H, Lassmann M, Luster M, Thomas SR, Pacini F, Ceccarelli C, et al. Iodine biokinetics and dosimetry in radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer: procedures and results of a prospective international controlled study of ablation after rhTSH or hormone withdrawal. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:648\u201354.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2297_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.047159","volume":"49","author":"W Jentzen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jentzen W, Freudenberg L, Eising EG, Sonnenschein W, Knust J, Bockisch A. Optimized 124I PET dosimetry protocol for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:1017\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.107.047159.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2297_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.114.153031","volume":"56","author":"W Jentzen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jentzen W, Bockisch A, Ruhlmann M. Assessment of simplified blood dose protocols for the estimation of the maximum tolerable activity in thyroid cancer patients undergoing radioiodine therapy using 124I. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:832\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.114.153031.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2297_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.4236\/jamp.2023.118158","volume":"11","author":"A Abualnaja","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abualnaja A, Alsheikh H, Soliman K, Alnefaie M, Alsheri A. Relationship between whole body iodine-131 effective half-life and estimated glomerular filtration rate for papillary thyroid cancer patients undergoing radioactive iodine therapy. J Appl Math Phys. 2023;11:2472\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/jamp.2023.118158.","journal-title":"J Appl Math Phys"},{"key":"2297_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/ac149a","volume":"41","author":"J Taprogge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taprogge J, Carnegie-Peake L, Murray I, Gear JI, Flux GD. Adjustment of the iodine ICRP population pharmacokinetic model for the use in thyroid cancer patients after thyroidectomy. J Radiol Prot. 2021;41:1034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ac149a.","journal-title":"J Radiol Prot"}],"container-title":["Annals of Nuclear Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12149-026-02297-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12149-026-02297-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12149-026-02297-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:02:07Z","timestamp":1791838927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12149-026-02297-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["2297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12149-026-02297-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0914-7187","1864-6433"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0914-7187","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-6433","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}