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There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of infection, osteomyelitis, or amputation. Moreover, the majority of reconstructions occurred within the subacute period underscoring the feasibility of a delayed approach to reconstructing blast-related soft tissue wounds."},{"issue":"1","key":"9275_CR9","first-page":"29","volume":"19","author":"SM Tintle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tintle SM, Gwinn DE, Andersen RC, Kumar AR. Soft tissue coverage of combat wounds. J Surg Orthop Adv Spring. 2010;19(1):29\u201334. This report provides a quality synopsis of results of 75 extremity reconstructions performed on combat-related injuries. Moreover, the authors present a succinct algorithm for the type of soft tissue coverage of upper and lower extremities based upon the zone of injuries.","journal-title":"J Surg Orthop Adv Spring"},{"issue":"1","key":"9275_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198707000-00001","volume":"80","author":"MJ Yaremchuk","year":"1987","unstructured":"Yaremchuk MJ, Brumback RJ, Manson PN, Burgess AR, Poka A, Weiland AJ. Acute and definitive management of traumatic osteocutaneous defects of the lower extremity. Plast Reconstruc Surg. 1987;80(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstruc Surg"},{"key":"9275_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray CK, Obremskey WT, Hsu JR, Andersen RC, Calhoun JH, Clasper JC, Whitman TJ, Curry TK, Fleming ME, Wenke JC, Ficke JR; Prevention of Combat-Related Infections Guidelines Panel. Prevention of infections associated with combat-related extremity injuries. J Trauma. Aug. 7 (2 Suppl): S235-57. This report provides an exhaustive, evidence-based review of civilian and military data to offer recommendations for management strategies to mitigate infection in the setting of combat-related extremity injuries. The authors describe the incidence of novel pathogen colonization and provide guidance for antibiosis, the role of negative pressure dressing therapy, oxygen supplementation, and wound effluent characterization.","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318227ac5f"},{"issue":"30","key":"9275_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31820930e5","volume":"70","author":"WS Hoff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hoff WS, Bonadies JA, Cachecho R, Dorlac WC. East practice management guidelines work group: update to practice management guidelines for prophylactic antibiotic use in open fractures. 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Age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, injury severity score, and type IIIA versus IIIB\/C were not associated with increased rates of deep infection within 90\u00a0days of injury.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"9275_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201001000-00003","volume":"18","author":"S Melvin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Melvin S, Dombroski D, Torbert J, Kovach SJ, Esterhai JL, Mehta S. Open tibia shaft fractures I: evaluation and initial wound management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010;18(1):10\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"9275_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200011000-00002","volume":"14","author":"MJ Patzakis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Patzakis MJ, Bains RS, Lee J, Shepherd L, Singer G, REssler R, et al. 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The authors outline common factors amongst those subjects with IFI\u2014blast injury mechanism (100\u00a0%), injury occurring while subject on foot patrol (92\u00a0%), association with traumatic amputation (80\u00a0%), and large volume blood product transfusion (97.2)\u2014and describe an 8.1\u00a0% mortality rate.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9275_CR21","unstructured":"Treatment of suspected invasive fungal infection in war wounds. Joint Theater Trauma System Clinical Practice Guideline. 2012 Nov. This resource provides a concise description of injury characteristics commonly associated with IFI and clinical practice guidelines for the initial management of these injuries."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"9275_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000225450.12593.12","volume":"117","author":"MJ Morykwas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morykwas MJ, Simpson J, Punger K, Argenta A, Kremers L, Argenta J. 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Of note, the authors also report that soft tissue reconstructions occurring beyond 72\u00a0h from the initial injury were associated with significantly higher rates of complications.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Br)"},{"issue":"12","key":"9275_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2013.07.007","volume":"66","author":"DP Foong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Foong DP, Evriviades D, Jeffery SL. Integra permits early durable coverage of improvised amputation device (IED) amputation stumps. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2013;66(12):1717\u201324.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 2","key":"9275_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182615703","volume":"130","author":"ML Iorio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iorio ML, Shuck J, Attinger CE. Wound healing in the upper and lower extremities: a systematic review on the use of acellular dermal matrices. 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J Orthop Trauma. 2010;24(11):697\u2013703. These authors present retrospective data on 67 type IIIB open tibia fractures that underwent either rotational or free flap coverage. Contrary to prior reports, the rotational coverage group demonstrated significantly lower rates of reoperation and amputation (30 versus 9\u00a0%) compared to the free flap group (64 versus 36\u00a0%). Additionally, the rate of flap failure was lower in the rotational coverage group (7 versus 27\u00a0%) than in the free coverage group. 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