{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T01:31:45Z","timestamp":1771378305156,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol Myers Squibb","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Luspatercept has shown durable clinical efficacy for the treatment of anemia in transfusion-dependent patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (LR-MDS). We report the results of a prespecified primary analysis of a phase 2 trial of luspatercept in non-transfusion-dependent (NTD) Japanese patients with anemia due to LR-MDS. Luspatercept (starting dose 1.0\u00a0mg\/kg) was administered subcutaneously once every 3\u00a0weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved hematological improvement-erythroid (HI-E) response (\u2265\u20091.5\u00a0g\/dL increase in hemoglobin level for 8\u00a0weeks) without transfusions within the first 24\u00a0weeks of treatment. At the primary analysis data cutoff, 21 patients had been enrolled\/treated; 17 and 10 patients had completed 24 and 48\u00a0weeks of treatment, respectively. HI-E response occurred within 24\u00a0weeks in 10 patients (47.6%; 95% confidence interval, 25.7\u201370.2; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), which was significantly higher than the predefined threshold (10%). By week 48, HI-E response occurred in 12 patients (57.1%) and 17 patients (81.0%) remained NTD. Luspatercept was well tolerated. Three patients (14.3%) had grade 3\u20134 treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events. Luspatercept resulted in statistically and clinically significant improvements in hemoglobin levels, and may help delay the need for transfusions in NTD patients with LR-MDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-024-03872-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T17:29:47Z","timestamp":1732210187000},"page":"68-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A phase 2 clinical trial of luspatercept in non-transfusion-dependent patients with myelodysplastic syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3230-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kosugi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Fujisaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Shinagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroatsu","family":"Iida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Kubonishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuyoshi","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Onodera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yotaro","family":"Tamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Usuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Yonaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Midorikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsufumi","family":"Nishio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kosei","family":"Matsue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"3872_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61901-7","volume":"383","author":"L Ad\u00e8s","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ad\u00e8s L, Itzykson R, Fenaux P. Myelodysplastic syndromes. Lancet. 2014;383:2239\u201352.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"3872_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2005.01.004","volume":"19","author":"DV Catenacci","year":"2005","unstructured":"Catenacci DV, Schiller GJ. Myelodysplasic syndromes: a comprehensive review. Blood Rev. 2005;19:301\u201319.","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"3872_CR3","first-page":"19","volume":"8","author":"V Visconte","year":"2014","unstructured":"Visconte V, Selleri C, Maciejewski JP, Tiu RV. Molecular pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes. Transl Med UniSa. 2014;8:19\u201330.","journal-title":"Transl Med UniSa."},{"key":"3872_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2020000127","volume":"2020","author":"HE Carraway","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carraway HE, Saygin C. Therapy for lower-risk MDS. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Prog. 2020;2020:426\u201333.","journal-title":"Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Prog."},{"key":"3872_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-023-01062-7","volume":"24","author":"C Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang C, Sallman DA. Current therapeutic landscape in lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2023;24:387\u2013408.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol."},{"key":"3872_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e314","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000314","volume":"3","author":"U Germing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Germing U, Oliva EN, Hiwase D, Almeida A. Treatment of anemia in transfusion-dependent and non-transfusion-dependent lower-risk MDS: current and emerging strategies. Hemasphere. 2019;3:e314.","journal-title":"Hemasphere."},{"key":"3872_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4280","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-02-453068","volume":"121","author":"P Fenaux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fenaux P, Ad\u00e8s L. How we treat lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2013;121:4280\u20136.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"3872_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.11.002","volume":"32","author":"P Fenaux","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fenaux P, Haase D, Santini V, Sanz GF, Platzbecker U, Mey U. Myelodysplastic syndromes: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2021;32:142\u201356.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"key":"3872_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12579","volume":"281","author":"HK Garelius","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garelius HK, Johnston WT, Smith AG, Park S, de Swart L, Fenaux P, et al. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents significantly delay the onset of a regular transfusion need in nontransfused patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. J Intern Med. 2017;281:284\u201399.","journal-title":"J Intern Med."},{"key":"3872_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2017.07.008","volume":"60","author":"CR Cogle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cogle CR, Reddy SR, Chang E, Papoyan E, Broder MS, McGuire M, et al. Early treatment initiation in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes produces an earlier and higher rate of transfusion independence. Leuk Res. 2017;60:123\u20138.","journal-title":"Leuk Res."},{"key":"3872_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-020-02838-5","volume":"111","author":"Y Miyazaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miyazaki Y. JSH practical guidelines for hematological malignancies, 2018: I. Leukemia-6 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Int J Hematol. 2020;111:481\u201393.","journal-title":"Int J Hematol."},{"key":"3872_CR12","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology (NCCN Guidelines): Myelodysplastic syndromes, version 1.2023. 2022. https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/guidelines\/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1446. Accessed 13 May 2023."},{"key":"3872_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.192","volume":"31","author":"U Platzbecker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Platzbecker U, Symeonidis A, Oliva EN, Goede JS, Delforge M, Mayer J, et al. A phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial of darbepoetin alfa in patients with anemia and lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia. 2017;31:1944\u201350.","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"3872_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0118-9","volume":"32","author":"P Fenaux","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fenaux P, Santini V, Spiriti MAA, Giagounidis A, Schlag R, Radinoff A, et al. A phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled study assessing the efficacy and safety of epoetin-\u03b1 in anemic patients with low-risk MDS. Leukemia. 2018;32:2648\u201358.","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"3872_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-03-211797","volume":"114","author":"PL Greenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greenberg PL, Sun Z, Miller KB, Bennett JM, Tallman MS, Dewald G, et al. Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome patients with erythropoietin with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: results of a prospective randomized phase 3 trial by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E1996). Blood. 2009;114:2393\u2013400.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"3872_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-019-03799-4","volume":"99","author":"S Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park S, Kelaidi C, Meunier M, Casadevall N, Gerds AT, Platzbecker U. The prognostic value of serum erythropoietin in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a review of the literature and expert opinion. Ann Hematol. 2020;99:7\u201319.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol."},{"key":"3872_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-876888","volume":"133","author":"P Fenaux","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fenaux P, Kiladjian JJ, Platzbecker U. Luspatercept for the treatment of anemia in myelodysplastic syndromes and primary myelofibrosis. Blood. 2019;133:790\u20134.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"3872_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002177","volume":"5","author":"AS Kubasch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kubasch AS, Fenaux P, Platzbecker U. Development of luspatercept to treat ineffective erythropoiesis. Blood Adv. 2021;5:1565\u201375.","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"3872_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3512","volume":"20","author":"RN Suragani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suragani RN, Cadena SM, Cawley SM, Sako D, Mitchell D, Li R, et al. Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 superfamily ligand trap ACE-536 corrects anemia by promoting late-stage erythropoiesis. Nat Med. 2014;20:408\u201314.","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"3872_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908892","volume":"382","author":"P Fenaux","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fenaux P, Platzbecker U, Mufti GJ, Garcia-Manero G, Buckstein R, Santini V, et al. Luspatercept in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:140\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"3872_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00874-7","volume":"402","author":"U Platzbecker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Platzbecker U, Della Porta MG, Santini V, Zeidan AM, Komrokji RS, Shortt J, et al. Efficacy and safety of luspatercept versus epoetin alfa in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-naive, transfusion-dependent, lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (COMMANDS): interim analysis of a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402:373\u201385.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"3872_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02476","volume":"40","author":"U Platzbecker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Platzbecker U, G\u00f6tze KS, Kiewe P, Germing U, Mayer K, Radsak M, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of luspatercept for anemia treatment in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: the phase II PACE-MDS study. J Clin Oncol. 2022;40:3800\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"3872_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-643544","volume":"127","author":"DA Arber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, Thiele J, Borowitz MJ, Le Beau MM, et al. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood. 2016;127:2391\u2013405.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"3872_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-420489","volume":"120","author":"PL Greenberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Greenberg PL, Tuechler H, Schanz J, Sanz G, Garcia-Manero G, Sol\u00e9 F, et al. Revised international prognostic scoring system for myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2012;120:2454\u201365.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"3872_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-10-4149","volume":"108","author":"BD Cheson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheson BD, Greenberg PL, Bennett JM, Lowenberg B, Wijermans PW, Nimer SD, et al. Clinical application and proposal for modification of the International Working Group (IWG) response criteria in myelodysplasia. Blood. 2006;108:419\u201325.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"3872_CR26","unstructured":"Bristol-Myers Squibb. REBLOZYL\u00ae (luspatercept-aamt) for injection, for subcutaneous use. 2022. https:\/\/www.reblozylpro.com\/assets\/commercial\/us\/reblozylhcp\/en\/pdf\/pi_reblozyl.pdf. Accessed 15 February 2024."},{"key":"3872_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910182","volume":"382","author":"MD Cappellini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cappellini MD, Viprakasit V, Taher AT, Georgiev P, Kuo KHM, Coates T, et al. A phase 3 trial of luspatercept in patients with transfusion-dependent \u03b2-thalassemia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1219\u201331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"3872_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-10-879247","volume":"133","author":"A Piga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Piga A, Perrotta S, Gamberini MR, Voskaridou E, Melpignano A, Filosa A, et al. Luspatercept improves hemoglobin levels and blood transfusion requirements in a study of patients with \u03b2-thalassemia. Blood. 2019;133:1279\u201389.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"3872_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30615-0","volume":"18","author":"U Platzbecker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Platzbecker U, Germing U, G\u00f6tze KS, Kiewe P, Mayer K, Chromik J, et al. Luspatercept for the treatment of anaemia in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (PACE-MDS): a multicentre, open-label phase 2 dose-finding study with long-term extension study. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:1338\u201347.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"3872_CR30","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. ELEMENT-MDS: A study to compare the efficacy and safety of luspatercept in participants with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and anemia not receiving blood transfusions (ELEMENT-MDS). 2023. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05949684. Accessed 18 September 2023."},{"key":"3872_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15707","volume":"184","author":"S Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park S, Greenberg P, Yucel A, Farmer C, O\u2019Neill F, De Oliveira BC, et al. Clinical effectiveness and safety of erythropoietin-stimulating agents for the treatment of low- and intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: a systematic literature review. Br J Haematol. 2019;184:134\u201360.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"3872_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12521","volume":"9","author":"N Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen N, Kassir N, Laadem A, Maxwell SE, Sriraman P, Giuseppi AC, et al. Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response of luspatercept, an erythroid maturation agent, in anemic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. CPT Pharma Syst Pharmacol. 2020;9:395\u2013404.","journal-title":"CPT Pharma Syst Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12185-024-03872-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12185-024-03872-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12185-024-03872-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T15:52:01Z","timestamp":1737215521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12185-024-03872-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12185-024-03872-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-5710","1865-3774"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-5710","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-3774","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"H.K. received honoraria or lecture fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, AbbVie GK, Asahi Kasei Pharma, AstraZeneca K.K., Beckton Dickinson K.K., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Japan Blood Products Organization, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., Novo Nordisk Pharma Japan, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K, and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. H.Iw. received honoraria or lecture fees from Astra Zeneca, AbbVie, Ono Pharmaceuticals, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Daiichi Sankyo, Chugai Pharmaceuticals, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals; manuscript fees for promotional materials from SymBio Pharmaceuticals; and research funds for medical research from Kyowa Kirin. H.Ii. received honoraria or lecture fees from Novartis, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Chugai Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, and AbbVie; and research funds for medical research from Nippon Kayaku and Chugai Pharmaceuticals. T.J. received honoraria or lecture fees from Eisai; and research funds for medical research from Bristol Myers Squibb. Y.M. received honoraria or lecture fees from Nippon Shinyaku; and a subsidy\/donation from Eisai for presenting academic courses. Y.N. received research funds for medical research from Astellas Pharma, AbbVie, Celgene, Novartis Pharma, and Bristol Myers Squibb. K.O. has received research funds for medical research from Celgene. T.S. received honoraria or lecture fees from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Novartis Pharma, Kyowa Kirin, Chugai Pharmaceuticals, and Bristol Myers Squibb. Y.T. received honoraria or lecture fees from Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, and Chugai Pharmaceuticals. K.U. received honoraria or lecture fees from Novartis Pharma; and research funds for medical research from Astellas Pharma, AbbVie, Ono Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Otsuka Pharmaceuticals. H.Y. owns stock or options in Bristol Myers Squibb and Merck, and is an employee of Bristol Myers Squibb. J.H. is an employee of Bristol Myers Squibb. S.M. owns stock or options in, and is an employee of, Bristol Myers Squibb. M.N. owns stock or options in, and is an employee of, Bristol Myers Squibb. M.S. is an employee of Bristol Myers Squibb. K.M. received research funds for medical research from Janssen Pharmaceutical, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Sanofi. T.F., A.S., S.K., K.S., and A.Y. have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}