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Its treatment basically targets underlying hematological malignancies, and the prognosis remains unsatisfactory. Despite several reports of type I cryoglobulinemia treated with bortezomib-based regimens, little is available on the treatment of bortezomib-resistant cases. We report a case of severe type I cryoglobulinemia associated with plasma cell neoplasm, refractory to bortezomib and daratumumab, which was successfully managed with a combination of carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (KCd therapy). No sign of relapse has been seen for more than 3\u00a0years with maintenance therapy with ongoing carfilzomib. This case highlights the potential efficacy of carfilzomib-based regimens in bortezomib-resistant type I cryoglobulinemia, offering a promising option for cases refractory to conventional treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-024-03911-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T12:39:20Z","timestamp":1738672760000},"page":"411-415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Successful treatment of type I cryoglobulinemia with a combination of carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Yohei","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Maki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arika","family":"Shimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Masamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4034-2422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mineo","family":"Kurokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3911_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2019.01.016","volume":"86","author":"AC Desbois","year":"2019","unstructured":"Desbois AC, Cacoub P, Saadoun D. 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Mineo Kurokawa: research funding, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, CHUGAI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.; honoraria, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Amgen Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, CHUGAI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.; Editor of International Journal of Hematology.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}