{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T04:27:52Z","timestamp":1772944072739,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-025-04131-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T22:14:24Z","timestamp":1765318464000},"page":"459-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Central nervous system involvement in plasma cell neoplasms: a rare presentation illustrated by three cases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8852-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Inoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasunobu","family":"Sekiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4131_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2007.00956.x","volume":"80","author":"L Nieuwenhuizen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nieuwenhuizen L, Biesma DH. Central nervous system myelomatosis: review of the literature. Eur J Haematol. 2008;80(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2007.00956.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4131_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.26","volume":"48","author":"B Wirk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wirk B, Wingard JR, Moreb JS. Extramedullary disease in plasma cell myeloma: the iceberg phenomenon. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;48(1):10\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bmt.2012.26.","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"4131_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24351","volume":"91","author":"A Jurczyszyn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jurczyszyn A, Grzasko N, Gozzetti A, et al. Central nervous system involvement by multiple myeloma: a multi-institutional retrospective study of 172 patients in daily clinical practice. Am J Hematol. 2016;91(6):575\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.24351.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4131_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.1021","volume":"30","author":"SA Gangatharan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gangatharan SA, Carney DA, Prince HM, et al. Emergence of central nervous system myeloma in the era of novel agents. Hematol Oncol. 2012;30(4):170\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hon.1021.","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4131_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190310001597964","volume":"45","author":"AB Fassas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fassas AB, Ward S, Muwalla F, et al. Myeloma of the central nervous system: strong association with unfavorable chromosomal abnormalities and other high-risk disease features. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004;45(2):291\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10428190310001597964.","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"3","key":"4131_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12404","volume":"162","author":"D Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee D, Kalff A, Low M, et al. Central nervous system multiple myeloma\u2014potential roles for intrathecal therapy and measurement of cerebrospinal fluid light chains. Br J Haematol. 2013;162(3):371\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.12404.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4131_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2013.11.004","volume":"14","author":"AO Abdallah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abdallah AO, Atrash S, Shahid Z, et al. Patterns of central nervous system involvement in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2014;14(3):211\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clml.2013.11.004.","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"2","key":"4131_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17717","volume":"195","author":"T Yamashita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yamashita T, Takamatsu H, Kawamura K, et al. A nationwide survey on central nervous system multiple myeloma in Japan: analysis of prognostic and treatment factors that impact survival. Br J Haematol. 2021;195(2):217\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.17717.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4131_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-012-1414-5","volume":"91","author":"L Rasche","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rasche L, Bernard C, Topp MS, et al. Features of extramedullary myeloma relapse: high proliferation, minimal marrow involvement, adverse cytogenetics\u2014a retrospective single-center study of 24 cases. Ann Hematol. 2012;91(7):1031\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-012-1414-5.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4131_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703240","volume":"28","author":"E Katodritou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Katodritou E, Gastari V, Terpos E, et al. Primary plasma cell leukemia: clinical and laboratory features and outcome in 14 cases. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2001;28(9):835\u20139.","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"12","key":"4131_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00587-0","volume":"11","author":"C Fern\u00e1ndez de Larrea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez de Larrea C, Kyle R, Rosi\u00f1ol L, et al. Primary plasma cell leukemia: consensus definition by the International Myeloma Working Group according to peripheral blood plasma cell percentage. Blood Cancer J. 2021;11(12):192.","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"4131_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2012.7","volume":"2","author":"A Gozzetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gozzetti A, Candi V, Papini G, Bocchia M. Extramedullary myeloma: a review of the literature. Blood Cancer J. 2012;2:e61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bcj.2012.7.","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4131_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12397","volume":"162","author":"CI Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen CI, Masih-Khan E, Jiang H, et al. Central nervous system involvement with multiple myeloma: long-term survival can be achieved with radiation, intrathecal chemotherapy, and immunomodulatory agents. Br J Haematol. 2013;162(4):483\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.12397.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4131_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3181f3df8f","volume":"35","author":"S Majumdar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Majumdar S, Chacko AG, Chandy MJ, et al. PET\/CT and MR imaging of central nervous system involvement in multiple myeloma. Clin Nucl Med. 2010;35(12):956\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3181f3df8f.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4131_CR15","first-page":"4746","volume":"138","author":"ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts","year":"2021","unstructured":"ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts. Spinal disease predicts CNS involvement in multiple myeloma. Blood. 2021;138(Suppl 1):4746.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"4131_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2019.100253","volume":"17","author":"TR Ullah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ullah TR. The role of CXCR4 in multiple myeloma: cells\u2019 journey from bone marrow to beyond. J Bone Oncol. 2019;17:100253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbo.2019.100253.","journal-title":"J Bone Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4131_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.248518","volume":"105","author":"PA Egan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Egan PA, Elder PT, Deighan WI, et al. Multiple myeloma with central nervous system relapse. Haematologica. 2020;105(7):1780\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3324\/haematol.2020.248518.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"8","key":"4131_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071754","volume":"8","author":"Z Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li Z, Qiu Y, Personett D, et al. Pomalidomide shows significant therapeutic activity against CNS lymphoma with a major impact on the tumor microenvironment in murine models. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(8):e71754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0071754.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"4131_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-612069","volume":"125","author":"X Leleu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leleu X, Karlin L, Macro M, et al. Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in multiple myeloma with deletion 17p and\/or translocation (4;14): IFM 2010\u201302 trial results. Blood. 2015;125(9):1411\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2014-11-612069.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"4131_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12010062","volume":"12","author":"M Cavaco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cavaco M, Gaspar D, Arb Castanho M, Neves V. Antibodies for the treatment of brain metastases: a dream or a reality? Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(1):62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics12010062.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"4131_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.959949","volume":"12","author":"GY Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song GY, Jung SH, Kim JS, et al. Busulfan and thiotepa as a conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma: a study of the Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMMWP-1801 study). Front Oncol. 2022;12:959949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.959949.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"4131_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/1040-8428(92)90031-7","volume":"13","author":"ML Slevin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Slevin ML, Piall EM, Aherne GW, Harvey VJ, Johnston A, Lister TA. The pharmacokinetics of thiotepa in man and its uptake by the cerebrospinal fluid. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 1992;13:241\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/1040-8428(92)90031-7.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"4131_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276295","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1276295","volume":"14","author":"YG Mutlu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mutlu YG, Y\u0131g\u0131t Kaya S, Maral S, et al. Relapsed refractory multiple myeloma with CNS involvement successfully treated with elranatamab: first reported case. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1276295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1276295.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12185-025-04131-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12185-025-04131-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12185-025-04131-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T13:10:49Z","timestamp":1772889049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12185-025-04131-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12185-025-04131-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-5710","1865-3774"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-5710","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-3774","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patients for the publication of this case report and any accompanying images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient for consent"}}]}}