{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:34:26Z","timestamp":1793284466213,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-026-04270-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:00:38Z","timestamp":1788429638000},"page":"615-623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Umbilical cord blood-derived CAR-NK cells: an emerging off-the-shelf platform for cancer immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8275-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei-Lian","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4270_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944248","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.944248","volume":"12","author":"DD Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu DD, Hong WC, Qiu KY, et al. Umbilical cord blood: a promising source for allogeneic CAR-T cells. Front Oncol. 2022;12:944248.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4270_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709919","volume":"378","author":"JH Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park JH, Rivi\u00e8re I, Gonen M, et al. Long-term follow-up of CD19 CAR therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(5):449\u201359.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"4270_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707447","volume":"377","author":"SS Neelapu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neelapu SS, Locke FL, Bartlett NL, et al. Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T-cell therapy in refractory large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(26):2531\u201344.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"4270_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1080\/1750743X.2025.2582464","volume":"17","author":"HC Cochran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cochran HC, Ghobadi KA, Ghobadi A. Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cells: from preclinical promise to clinical reality in cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy. 2025;17(15):1115\u201327.","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"4270_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02467-5","volume":"39","author":"N Gagelmann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gagelmann N, Riecken K, Wolschke C, et al. Graft-versus-host disease after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a transplant complications and paediatric diseases working parties joint EBMT study. Leukemia. 2025;39:431\u20137.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"4270_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584099","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.584099","volume":"11","author":"X Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao X, Cai L, Hu Y, Wang H. Cord-blood natural killer cell-based immunotherapy for cancer. Front Immunol. 2020;11:584099.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4270_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2022.04.001","volume":"24","author":"K Chaudhry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaudhry K, Dowlati E, Long MD, et al. Comparable transforming growth factor beta-mediated immune suppression in ex vivo-expanded natural killer cells from cord blood and peripheral blood: implications for adoptive immunotherapy. Cytotherapy. 2022;24(8):802\u201317.","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"4270_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734453","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1734453","volume":"16","author":"MG Kennedy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kennedy MG, Patterson W, Cox ST, et al. Umbilical cord blood natural killer cells for adoptive immunotherapy: identifying optimal starting material and processing parameters. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1734453.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4270_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.06.014","volume":"18","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Y, Badeti S, Tseng HC, et al. Superior expansion and cytotoxicity of human primary NK and CAR-NK cells from various sources via enriched metabolic pathways. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2020;18:428\u201345.","journal-title":"Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"4270_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2022.07.001","volume":"45","author":"VC de Molla","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Molla VC, Barbosa MCR, Junior AM, et al. Natural killer cells 56bright16- have higher counts in the umbilical cord blood than in the adult peripheral blood. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2023;45(4):419\u201327.","journal-title":"Hematol Transfus Cell Ther"},{"key":"4270_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561553","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.561553","volume":"11","author":"BH Goldenson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goldenson BH, Zhu H, Wang YM, et al. Umbilical cord blood and iPSC-derived natural killer cells demonstrate key differences in cytotoxic activity and KIR profiles. Front Immunol. 2020;11:561553.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4270_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00808-3","volume":"19","author":"F Fang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fang F, Xie S, Chen M, et al. Advances in NK cell production. Cell Mol Immunol. 2022;19(4):460\u201381.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4270_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.3390\/v16111746","volume":"16","author":"J Koki\u00e7i","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koki\u00e7i J, Preechanukul A, Arellano-Ballestero H, Gorou F, Peppa D. Emerging insights into memory natural killer cells and clinical applications. Viruses. 2024;16(11):1746.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"4270_CR14","unstructured":"FDA guidance for industry: characterization and qualification of cell substrates. 2023."},{"key":"4270_CR15","unstructured":"EMA guideline on quality, non-clinical and clinical requirements for investigational advanced therapy medicinal products. 2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"4270_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2802","volume":"39","author":"J Tanaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanaka J. Recent advances in chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell therapy for overcoming intractable hematological malignancies. Hematol Oncol. 2021;39(1):11\u20139.","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4270_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.1002\/cpim.108","volume":"131","author":"L Herrera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herrera L, Juan M, Eguizabal C. Purification, culture, and CD19-CAR lentiviral transduction of adult and umbilical cord blood NK cells. Curr Protoc Immunol. 2020;131(1):e108.","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4270_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03871-5","volume":"15","author":"F Ghaedrahmati","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghaedrahmati F, Akbari V, Seyedhosseini-Ghaheh H, Esmaeil N. Strong capacity of differentiated PD-L1 CAR-modified UCB-CD34+ cells and PD-L1 CAR-modified UCB-CD34+-derived NK cells in killing target cells and restoration of the anti-tumor function of PD-1-high exhausted T cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2024;15(1):257.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"4270_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-025-01522-5","volume":"10","author":"F Hu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hu F, Li J, Wang Y, et al. Large-scale generation of iNK and CAR-iNK cells from CD34+ haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Nat Biomed Eng. 2026;10(4):765\u201384.","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"4270_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01376-3","volume":"15","author":"S Caruso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Caruso S, De Angelis B, Del Bufalo F, et al. Safe and effective off-the-shelf immunotherapy based on CAR. CD123-NK cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. J Hematol Oncol. 2022;15(1):163.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4270_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0184-6","volume":"16","author":"NN Shah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shah NN, Fry TJ. Mechanisms of resistance to CAR T cell therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2019;16(6):372\u201385.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4270_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0442","volume":"8","author":"RG Majzner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Majzner RG, Mackall CL. Tumor antigen escape from CAR T-cell therapy. Cancer Discov. 2018;8(10):1219\u201326.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"2","key":"4270_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03923-y","volume":"74","author":"J Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee J, Song J, Yoo W, et al. Therapeutic potential of anti-ErbB3 chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells against breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2025;74(2):73.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"issue":"12","key":"4270_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13729","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13727","volume":"57","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhang M, Shen X, et al. Mesothelin CAR-engineered NK cells derived from human embryonic stem cells suppress the progression of human ovarian cancer in animals. Cell Prolif. 2024;57(12):e13729 (PMID: 39136096).","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"issue":"4","key":"4270_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.03.018","volume":"37","author":"A Karadimitris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karadimitris A. Cord blood CAR-NK cells: favorable initial efficacy and toxicity but durability of clinical responses not yet clear. Cancer Cell. 2020;37(4):426\u20137.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"4270_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0235-4","volume":"20","author":"AM van der Leun","year":"2020","unstructured":"van der Leun AM, Thommen DS, Schumacher TN. CD8+ T cell states in human cancer: insights from single-cell analysis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2020;20(4):218\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"6230","key":"4270_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa6204","volume":"348","author":"JA Joyce","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joyce JA, Fearon DT. T cell exclusion, immune privilege, and the tumor microenvironment. Science. 2015;348(6230):74\u201380.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"4270_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02785-8","volume":"30","author":"D Marin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marin D, Li Y, Basar R, et al. Safety, efficacy and determinants of response of allogeneic CD19-specific CAR-NK cells in CD19+ B cell tumors: a phase 1\/2 trial. Nat Med. 2024;30(3):772\u201384.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"4270_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011719","volume":"138","author":"ME Horwitz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Horwitz ME, Stiff PJ, Cutler C, et al. Omidubicel vs standard myeloablative umbilical cord blood transplantation: results of a phase 3 randomized study. Blood. 2021;138(16):1429\u201340.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"4270_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102079","volume":"28","author":"RM Alves-Paiva","year":"2026","unstructured":"Alves-Paiva RM, Coa LL, Azevedo JT, et al. Umbilical cord blood-derived natural killer cells as a viable and potent source for adoptive cell therapy. Cytotherapy. 2026;28(5):102079.","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12185-026-04270-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12185-026-04270-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12185-026-04270-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T13:53:16Z","timestamp":1793281996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12185-026-04270-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12185-026-04270-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-5710","1865-3774"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-5710","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-3774","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}