{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:23:18Z","timestamp":1789010598892,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiol Phys Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12194-025-00976-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:00:59Z","timestamp":1760630459000},"page":"68-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of a Monte Carlo-based independent dose calculation system for brain stereotactic radiotherapy using a robotic radiosurgery system"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kaito","family":"Sakai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9317-6299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujiro","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhi","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiya","family":"Tsurumaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohki","family":"Yasui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuto","family":"Takizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko Nemoto","family":"Murofushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Tohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"976_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717x-9-155","volume":"9","author":"C Nieder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nieder C, Grosu AL, Gaspar LE. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases: a systematic review. Radiat Oncol. 2014;9:155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-717x-9-155.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"976_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2914c36","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3579139","volume":"38","author":"S Dieterich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dieterich S, Cavedon C, Chuang CF, et al. Report of AAPM TG 135: quality assurance for robotic radiosurgery. Med Phys. 2011;38:2914c36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.3579139.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"976_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.08.001","volume":"77","author":"EE Wilcox","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wilcox EE, Daskalov GM, Lincoln H, et al. Comparison of planned dose distributions calculated by Monte Carlo and ray-trace algorithms for the treatment of lung tumors with Cyberknife: a preliminary study in 33 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;77:277\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.08.001.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"976_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1515\/cdbme-2017-0136","volume":"3","author":"K Galonske","year":"2017","unstructured":"Galonske K, Thiele M, Ernst I, Lehrke R, Zylka W. Comparison of treatment plans calculated by ray tracing and Monte Carlo algorithms for head and thorax radiotherapy with cyberknife. Curr Dir Biomed Eng. 2017;3:647\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cdbme-2017-0136.","journal-title":"Curr Dir Biomed Eng"},{"key":"976_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012016","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/102\/1\/012016","volume":"102","author":"CM Ma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ma CM, Li JS, Deng J, Fan J. Implementation of Monte Carlo dose calculation for cyberknife treatment planning. J Phys Conf Ser. 2008;102:012016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/102\/1\/012016.","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser"},{"key":"976_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2011.03.001","volume":"1","author":"EE Wilcox","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wilcox EE, Daskalov GM, Lincoln H. Stereotactic radiosurgery-radiotherapy: should Monte Carlo treatment planning be used for all sites? Pract Radiat Oncol. 2011;1:251\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prro.2011.03.001.","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"976_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12146","volume":"18","author":"PH Halvorsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Halvorsen PH, Cirino E, Das IJ, et al. AAPM-RSS medical physics practice guideline 9.a. for SRS-SBRT. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2017;18:10\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.12146.","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"976_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v16i4.5486","volume":"16","author":"MH Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin MH, Veltchev I, Koren S, Ma C, Li J. Robotic radiosurgery system patient-specific QA for extracranial treatments using the planar ion chamber array and the cylindrical diode array. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2015;16:290\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1120\/jacmp.v16i4.5486.","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"976_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2021.106568","volume":"143","author":"MA Al Kafi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al Kafi MA, Al Moussa A, Yousof MFM, Marya\u0144ski MJ, Moftah B. Performance of a new commercial high-definition 3D patient specific quality assurance system for CyberKnife robotic radiotherapy and radiosurgery. Radiat Meas. 2021;143:106568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radmeas.2021.106568.","journal-title":"Radiat Meas"},{"key":"976_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3700","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13638","volume":"46","author":"SF Kry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kry SF, Glenn MC, Peterson CB, et al. Independent recalculation outperforms traditional measurement-based IMRT QA methods in detecting unacceptable plans. Med Phys. 2019;46:3700\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.13638.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"976_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e808","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15069","volume":"48","author":"TC Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu TC, Stathakis S, Clark JR, et al. Report of AAPM task group 219 on independent calculation-based dose\/MU verification for IMRT. Med Phys. 2021;48:e808\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.15069.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"976_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-011-0015-x","volume":"188","author":"N Hodapp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hodapp N. The ICRU report 83: prescribing, recording and reporting photon-beam intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Strahlenther Onkol. 2012;188:97\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00066-011-0015-x.","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"976_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13046","volume":"21","author":"MTW Milder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Milder MTW, Alber M, S\u00f6hn M, Hoogeman MS. Commissioning and clinical implementation of the first commercial independent Monte Carlo 3D dose calculation to replace cyberKnife M6\u2122 patient-specific QA measurements. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2020;21:304\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.13046.","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"976_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598248","volume":"25","author":"DA Low","year":"1998","unstructured":"Low DA, Harms WB, Mutic S, Purdy JA. A technique for the quantitative evaluation of dose distributions. Med Phys. 1998;25:656\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.598248.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"976_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5359","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3238104","volume":"36","author":"GA Ezzell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ezzell GA, Burmeister JW, Dogan N, et al. IMRT commissioning: multiple institution planning and dosimetry comparisons, a report from AAPM task group 119. Med Phys. 2009;36:5359\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.3238104.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"976_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12810","volume":"45","author":"M Miften","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miften M, Olch A, Mihailidis D, et al. Tolerance limits and methodologies for IMRT measurement-based verification QA: recommendations of AAPM task group no. 218. Med Phys. 2018;45:e53-83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.12810.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"976_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131","volume":"34","author":"RA Armstrong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Armstrong RA. When to use the Bonferroni correction. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2014;34:502\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12131.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"3","key":"976_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjem.2018.08.001","volume":"18","author":"H Akoglu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akoglu H. User\u2019s guide to correlation coefficients. Turk J Emerg Med. 2018;18(3):91\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjem.2018.08.001.","journal-title":"Turk J Emerg Med"},{"key":"976_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14290","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14290","volume":"25","author":"B Erickson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Erickson B, Cui Y, Alber M, et al. Independent Monte Carlo dose calculation identifies single isocenter multi-target radiosurgery targets most likely to fail pre-treatment measurement. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2024;25:e14290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.14290.","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"976_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-024-02446-1","volume":"19","author":"P Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou P, Chang Y, Li S, et al. Clinical application of a GPU-accelerated monte carlo dose verification for CyberKnife M6 with Iris collimator. Radiat Oncol. 2024;19:86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13014-024-02446-1.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"976_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1370-5","volume":"14","author":"PH Mackeprang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mackeprang PH, Vuong D, Volken W, et al. Benchmarking Monte-Carlo dose calculation for MLC CyberKnife treatments. Radiat Oncol. 2019;14:172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13014-019-1370-5.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"976_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1624753","volume":"30","author":"J Deng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Deng J, Ma CM, Hai J, Nath R. Commissioning 6 MV photon beams of a stereotactic radiosurgery system for Monte Carlo treatment planning. Med Phys. 2003;30:3124\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.1624753.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"976_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13053","author":"L Hoffmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoffmann L, Alber M, S\u00f6hn M, Elstr\u00f8m UV. Validation of the acuros XB dose calculation algorithm versus Monte Carlo for clinical treatment plans. Med Phys. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.13053.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"976_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2017.01.005","volume":"33","author":"D Dechambre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dechambre D, Baart V, Cucchiaro S, et al. Commissioning monte carlo algorithm for robotic radiosurgery using cylindrical 3D-array with variable density inserts. Phys Med. 2017;33:152\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2017.01.005.","journal-title":"Phys Med"}],"container-title":["Radiological Physics and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12194-025-00976-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12194-025-00976-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12194-025-00976-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T07:11:55Z","timestamp":1772262715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12194-025-00976-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12194-025-00976-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0333","1865-0341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0333","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Department of Radiation Oncology Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital approval number: 2462).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The need for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participation"}}]}}