{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:55:11Z","timestamp":1791266111273,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiol Phys Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12194-026-01071-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T08:52:28Z","timestamp":1781081548000},"page":"1009-1016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photon beam energy selection for scalp dose reduction in whole-brain radiotherapy: a benchmark phantom study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8343-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Senzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaomi","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"1071_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10541","volume":"94","author":"LJ Schouten","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schouten LJ, Rutten J, Huveneers HA, Twijnstra A. Incidence of brain metastases in a cohort of patients with carcinoma of the breast, colon, kidney, and lung and melanoma. Cancer. 2002;94(10):2698\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.10541.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"1071_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2022.02.003","volume":"12","author":"V Gondi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gondi V, Bauman G, Bradfield L, et al. Radiation therapy for brain metastases: an ASTRO clinical practice guideline. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2022;12(4):265\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prro.2022.02.003.","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1071_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/s0936-6555(03)00148-1","volume":"15","author":"GE Gerrard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gerrard GE, Prestwich RJ, Edwards A, et al. Investigating the palliative efficacy of whole-brain radiotherapy for patients with multiple-brain metastases and poor prognostic features. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2003;15(7):422\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0936-6555(03)00148-1.","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-283","volume":"12","author":"D Steinmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Steinmann D, Paelecke-Habermann Y, Geinitz H, et al. Prospective evaluation of quality of life effects in patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases. BMC Cancer. 2012;12(1):283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2407-12-283.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"1071_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.04.031","volume":"60","author":"BD Lawenda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lawenda BD, Gagne HM, Gierga DP, et al. Permanent alopecia after cranial irradiation: dose-response relationship. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;60(3):879\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.04.031.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1114","key":"1071_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200159","volume":"93","author":"M Sawada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sawada M, Kunieda E, Akiba T, et al. Dosimetric study of whole-brain irradiation with high-energy photon beams for dose reduction to the scalp. Br J Radiol. 2020;93(1114):20200159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20200159.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"1071_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-9-170","volume":"9","author":"A De Puysseleyr","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Puysseleyr A, Van De Velde J, Speleers B, et al. Hair-sparing whole brain radiotherapy with volumetric arc therapy in patients treated for brain metastases: dosimetric and clinical results of a phase II trial. Radiat Oncol. 2014;9:170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-717X-9-170.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1071_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2017.07.005","volume":"42","author":"S Sood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sood S, Pokhrel D, McClinton C, et al. Volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for whole brain radiotherapy: not only for hippocampal sparing, but also for reduction of dose to organs at risk. Med Dosim. 2017;42(4):375\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meddos.2017.07.005.","journal-title":"Med Dosim"},{"issue":"2","key":"1071_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.12.004","volume":"68","author":"JB Yu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yu JB, Shiao SL, Knisely JP. A dosimetric evaluation of conventional helmet field irradiation versus two-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68(2):621\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.12.004.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"1071_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2008.03.001","volume":"88","author":"S Goyal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goyal S, Yue NJ, Millevoi R, Kagan E, Haffty B, Narra V. Improvement in dose homogeneity with electronic tissue compensation over IMRT and conventional RT in whole brain radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol. 2008;88(2):196\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2008.03.001.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1071_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2010.09014","volume":"14","author":"H Al-Mohanna","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al-Mohanna H, Al-Khenaizan S. Permanent alopecia following cranial irradiation in a child. J Cutan Med Surg. 2010;14(3):141\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2310\/7750.2010.09014.","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"974","key":"1071_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/37984200","volume":"82","author":"F Andic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Andic F, Ors Y, Niang U, Kuzhan A, Dirier A. Dosimetric comparison of conventional helmet-field whole-brain irradiation with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy: dose homogeneity and retro-orbital area coverage. Br J Radiol. 2009;82(974):118\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr\/37984200.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1071_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3567146","volume":"38","author":"K Bush","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bush K, Gagne IM, Zavgorodni S, Ansbacher W, Beckham W. Dosimetric validation of Acuros XB with Monte Carlo methods for photon dose calculations. Med Phys. 2011;38(4):2208\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.3567146.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"8","key":"1071_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14416","volume":"25","author":"A Malhotra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malhotra A, Carpentier EE, Duzenli C. Recommendations for using analytical anisotropic algorithm and AcurosXB for epidermal dose calculations in breast radiotherapy from an in vivo Gafchromic film study. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2024;25(8):e14416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.14416.","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"1071_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2022.02.009","volume":"47","author":"T Kato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kato T, Ono T, Narita Y, Komori S, Murakami M. Dose-volume comparison of intensity modulated proton therapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy for cervical esophageal cancer. Med Dosim. 2022;47(3):216\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meddos.2022.02.009.","journal-title":"Med Dosim"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598063","volume":"24","author":"A Niemierko","year":"1997","unstructured":"Niemierko A. Reporting and analyzing dose distributions: A concept of equivalent uniform dose. Med Phys. 1997;24(1):103\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.598063.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-014-0220-8","volume":"9","author":"CH Min","year":"2014","unstructured":"Min CH, Paganetti H, Winey BA, et al. Evaluation of permanent alopecia in pediatric medulloblastoma patients treated with proton radiation. Radiat Oncol. 2014;9(1):220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13014-014-0220-8.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1071_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/s0360-3016(00)01548-0","volume":"49","author":"E Weiss","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weiss E, Krebeck M, K\u00f6hler B, Pradier O, Hess CF. Does the standardized helmet technique lead to adequate coverage of the cribriform plate? An analysis of current practice with respect to the ICRU 50 report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001;49(5):1475\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0360-3016(00)01548-0.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s12194-026-01137-8","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000}}],"container-title":["Radiological Physics and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01071-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01071-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01071-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:34:19Z","timestamp":1791264859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01071-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01071-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0333","1865-0341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0333","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2026","order":6,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":7,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this article was revised to amend the incorrect data in table 1.","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2026","order":9,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":10,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":11,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01137-8","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01137-8","order":12,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article did not contain any studies involving human participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}