{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T20:11:50Z","timestamp":1788639110867,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"The University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiol Phys Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We evaluated whether, compared with conventional deep learning reconstruction (DLR) and zero-filling interpolation (ZIP), super-resolution DLR (SR-DLR) enhances the visualization of vestibular schwannomas and cranial nerves in three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state (3D-CISS) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This retrospective study analyzed 39 patients with vestibular schwannomas who underwent 3T MR imaging with 3D-CISS. Axial images were reconstructed using SR-DLR, DLR, and ZIP. Three readers independently evaluated tumor depiction, depiction of facial and vestibulocochlear nerves, sharpness, noise, artifacts, and diagnostic acceptability. Quantitative indicators included edge rise distance (ERD) and edge rise slope (ERS) measured along a linear region of interest (ROI) drawn perpendicularly across the tumor\u2013cistern cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) boundary, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and contrast ratio (CR) calculated from circular ROIs (3\u20135\u00a0mm) placed in the tumor and prepontine CSF. SR-DLR significantly improved visualization of vestibular schwannoma and facial and vestibulocochlear nerves compared with ZIP (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Nerve depiction ratings varied between readers when comparing SR-DLR and DLR. SR-DLR yielded significantly better sharpness, lower ERD and higher ERS than both DLR and ZIP (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Artifacts showed no significant differences. No clear deterioration in noise was noted. Objectively, SR-DLR showed significantly higher CR than DLR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.023) and ZIP (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). SNR and CNR were significantly higher with SR-DLR than ZIP, but comparable to DLR. SR-DLR improves sharpness and lesion conspicuity on 3D-CISS imaging without a clear increase in artifacts or noise compared with ZIP.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12194-026-01073-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T09:16:37Z","timestamp":1780305397000},"page":"988-997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of super-resolution deep learning reconstruction on three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state for enhanced visualization of vestibular schwannomas"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9677-1421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Katayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0324-6562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichiro","family":"Yasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miori","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Asari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Kamio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Kanzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Sonoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Kiryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1073_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2012.06.002","volume":"45","author":"JK Chau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chau JK, Cho JJW, Fritz DK. Evidence-based practice: management of adult sensorineural hearing loss. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2012;45(5):941\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2012.06.002.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"18","key":"1073_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii","DOI":"10.3310\/hta13180","volume":"13","author":"H Fortnum","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fortnum H, O\u2019Neill C, Taylor R, et al., et al. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the identification of suspected acoustic neuroma: a systematic review of clinical and cost effectiveness and natural history. Health Technol Assess. 2009;13(18):iii\u2013ivix. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/hta13180.","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"7","key":"1073_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1179-0","volume":"149","author":"E Myrseth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Myrseth E, Pedersen P, M\u00f8ller P, Lund-Johansen M. Treatment of vestibular schwannomas. Why, when and how? Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2007;149(7):647\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-007-1179-0. discussion 660.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1073_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181f22660","volume":"67","author":"SE Stangerup","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stangerup SE, Tos M, Thomsen J, Caye-Thomasen P. True incidence of vestibular schwannoma? Neurosurgery. 2010;67(5):1335\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181f22660. discussion 1340.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"1073_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00852.x","volume":"29","author":"VV Raut","year":"2004","unstructured":"Raut VV, Walsh RM, Bath AP, et al. Conservative management of vestibular schwannomas - second review of a prospective longitudinal study. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2004;29(5):505\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00852.x.","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1073_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26589","volume":"128","author":"DH Coelho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coelho DH, Tang Y, Suddarth B, Mamdani M. MRI surveillance of vestibular schwannomas without contrast enhancement: Clinical and economic evaluation. Laryngoscope. 2018;128(1):202\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.26589.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"1073_CR7","unstructured":"Stuckey SL, Harris AJ, Mannolini SM. Detection of acoustic schwannoma: use of constructive interference in the steady state three-dimensional MR. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1996;17(7):1219\u20131225. Accessed November 6, 2025. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8871702\/"},{"issue":"8","key":"1073_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050474","volume":"39","author":"R Hermans","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hermans R, Van der Goten A, De Foer B, Baert AL. MRI screening for acoustic neuroma without gadolinium: value of 3DFT-CISS sequence. Neuroradiology. 1997;39(8):593\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002340050474.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"1096","key":"1073_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180833","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20180833","volume":"92","author":"S Currie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Currie S, Saunders D, Macmullen-Price J, et al. Should we be moving to a national standardized non-gadolinium MR imaging protocol for the surveillance of vestibular schwannomas? Br J Radiol. 2019;92(1096):20180833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20180833.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1073_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1183","volume":"14","author":"MA Bernstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bernstein MA, Fain SB, Riederer SJ. Effect of windowing and zero-filled reconstruction of MRI data on spatial resolution and acquisition strategy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2001;14(3):270\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.1183.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"1073_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2019.04.005","volume":"56","author":"Y Takato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Takato Y, Hata H, Inoue Y, et al. Evaluation of a novel reconstruction method based on the compressed sensing technique: application to cervical spine MR imaging. Clin Imaging. 2019;56:140\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinimag.2019.04.005.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"1073_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910330203","volume":"33","author":"DL Parker","year":"1995","unstructured":"Parker DL, Du YP, Davis WL. The voxel sensitivity function in Fourier transform imaging: applications to magnetic resonance angiography. Magn Reson Med. 1995;33(2):156\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.1910330203.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"1073_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yasaka K, Katayama A, Sakamoto N, et al. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: evaluation with super resolution deep learning reconstruction. Neuroradiology 2025;21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-025-03819-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-025-03819-3"},{"issue":"12","key":"1073_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2024.06.010","volume":"31","author":"K Yasaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yasaka K, Kanzawa J, Nakaya M, et al. Super-resolution deep learning reconstruction for 3D brain MR imaging: Improvement of cranial nerve depiction and interobserver agreement in evaluations of neurovascular conflict. Acad Radiol. 2024;31(12):5118\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2024.06.010.","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1073_CR15","first-page":"1179","volume":"22","author":"S Naganawa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Naganawa S, Koshikawa T, Fukatsu H, Ishigaki T, Fukuta T. MR cisternography of the cerebellopontine angle: comparison of three-dimensional fast asymmetrical spin-echo and three-dimensional constructive interference in the steady-state sequences. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001;22(6):1179\u201385.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1073_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2024.1059","volume":"26","author":"M Seo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seo M, Ahn KJ, Lee HS, et al. Effects of deep learning-based reconstruction on the quality of accelerated contrast-enhanced neck MRI. Korean J Radiol. 2025;26(5):446\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3348\/kjr.2024.1059.","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"1073_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2021.10.038","volume":"85","author":"KC Zochowski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zochowski KC, Tan ET, Argentieri EC, et al. Improvement of peripheral nerve visualization using a deep learning-based MR reconstruction algorithm. Magn Reson Imaging. 2022;85:186\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mri.2021.10.038.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"1073_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-024-03328-9","volume":"66","author":"M Hokamura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hokamura M, Uetani H, Hamasaki T, et al. Effect of deep learning-based reconstruction on high-resolution three-dimensional T2-weighted fast asymmetric spin-echo imaging in the preoperative evaluation of cerebellopontine angle tumors. Neuroradiology. 2024;66(7):1123\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-024-03328-9.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"1073_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-023-03212-y","volume":"65","author":"K Matsuo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matsuo K, Nakaura T, Morita K, et al. Feasibility study of super-resolution deep learning-based reconstruction using k-space data in brain diffusion-weighted images. Neuroradiology. 2023;65(11):1619\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-023-03212-y.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1073_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-024-01112-y","volume":"37","author":"K Yasaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yasaka K, Uehara S, Kato S, et al. Super-resolution deep learning reconstruction cervical spine 1.5T MRI: Improved interobserver agreement in evaluations of neuroforaminal stenosis compared to conventional deep learning reconstruction. J Imaging Inf Med. 2024;37(5):2466\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10278-024-01112-y.","journal-title":"J Imaging Inf Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1073_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-024-01687-0","volume":"43","author":"M Tanabe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tanabe M, Kawano Y, Inoue A, et al. Image quality in three-dimensional (3D) contrast-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen using deep learning denoising technique: intraindividual comparison between T1-weighted sequences with compressed sensing and with a modified Fast 3D mode wheel. Jpn J Radiol. 2025;43(3):455\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-024-01687-0.","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"1073_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fujiwara T, Fujima N, Hamaguchi H, Ishizaka K, Kudo K. Quality of Head and Neck Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging Using a Combination of the Periodically Rotated Overlapping Parallel Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction (PROPELLER) Sequence and Deep Learning Reconstruction. Magn Reson Med Sci. 2026 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2463\/mrms.mp.2025-0058.","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.mp.2025-0058"}],"container-title":["Radiological Physics and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01073-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01073-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01073-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T20:03:31Z","timestamp":1788638611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01073-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01073-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0333","1865-0341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0333","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"None.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tokyo.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Our Institutional Review Board waived the requirement for obtaining written informed consent from patients.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}