{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T20:11:50Z","timestamp":1788639110776,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiol Phys Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12194-026-01101-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T05:03:44Z","timestamp":1784005424000},"page":"1188-1198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of out-of-field doses in pediatric radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3492-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvana Oliveira","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armanda","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Farinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00edgia","family":"Os\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Cravo","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1101_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Denunzio NJ, Yock TI. Modern radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors. Vol. 12, Cancers. MDPI AG; 2020. pp. 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers12061533","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061533"},{"key":"1101_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Saint-Hubert M, Verbeek N, B\u00e4umer C, Esser J, Wulff J, Nabha R, et al. Validation of a Monte Carlo framework for out-of-field dose calculations in proton therapy. Front Oncol. 2022;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.882489.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.882489"},{"key":"1101_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2021.05.006","volume":"19","author":"L Garrett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garrett L, Hardcastle N, Yeo A, Lonski P, Franich R, Kron T. Out-of-field dose in stereotactic radiotherapy for paediatric patients. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2021;19:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2021.05.006.","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1101_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncx015","volume":"176","author":"M Majer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Majer M, Stolarczyk L, De Saint-Hubert M, Kabat D, Kne\u017eevi\u0107 \u017d, Miljani\u0107 S, et al. Out-of-field dose measurements for 3D conformal and intensity modulated radiotherapy of a paediatric brain tumor. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017;176(3):331\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rpd\/ncx015.","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1101_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13182","volume":"22","author":"J Colnot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Colnot J, Zefkili S, Gschwind R, Huet C. Out-of-field doses from radiotherapy using photon beams: A comparative study for a pediatric renal treatment. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2021;22(3):94\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.13182.","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"1101_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Auerbach H, Dzierma Y, Sch\u00fcrmann M, R\u00fcbe C, R\u00fcbe CE. Measuring out-of-field dose to the hippocampus in common radiotherapy indications. Radiat Oncol. 2023;18(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13014-023-02242-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-023-02242-3"},{"key":"1101_CR7","unstructured":"Definitivo D, Morais AM, De S\u00e1 C, Dinis De Almeida PM, Jos\u00e9 D, Miragaia P et al. Out-of-field doses in radiotherapy treatments of paediatric patients."},{"issue":"3","key":"1101_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.04.064","volume":"79","author":"ML Taylor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Taylor ML, Kron T, Franich RD. Assessment of out-of-field doses in radiotherapy of brain lesions in children. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;79(3):927\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.04.064.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"1101_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2017.02.001","volume":"42","author":"R Harrison","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harrison R. Out-of-field doses in radiotherapy: Input to epidemiological studies and dose-risk models. Physica Med. 2017;42:239\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2017.02.001.","journal-title":"Physica Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1101_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/12\/2883","volume":"59","author":"M Moteabbed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moteabbed M, Yock TI, Paganetti H. The risk of radiation-induced second cancers in the high to medium dose region: A comparison between passive and scanned proton therapy, IMRT and VMAT for pediatric patients with brain tumors. Phys Med Biol. 2014;59(12):2883\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/12\/2883.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"1101_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miljani\u0107 S, bordy jean marc, Harrison R, Olko P. Radiation protection in medicine. Radiat Meas [Internet]. 2014;71:270-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radmeas.2014.04.026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2014.04.026"},{"issue":"3","key":"1101_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1390-4","volume":"27","author":"M Vinchon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vinchon M, Leblond P, Caron S, Delestret I, Baroncini M, Coche B. Radiation-induced tumors in children irradiated for brain tumor: A longitudinal study. Child\u2019s Nerv Syst. 2011;27(3):445\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-011-1390-4.","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"1101_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2010.11.003","volume":"98","author":"BS Athar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Athar BS, Paganetti H. Comparison of second cancer risk due to out-of-field doses from 6-MV IMRT and proton therapy based on 6 pediatric patient treatment plans. Radiother Oncol. 2011;98(1):87\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2010.11.003.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"1101_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Saint-Hubert M, Suesselbeck F, Vasi F, Stuckmann F, Rodriguez M, Dabin J, et al. Experimental Validation of an Analytical Program and a Monte Carlo Simulation for the Computation of the Far Out-of-Field Dose in External Beam Photon Therapy Applied to Pediatric Patients. Front Oncol. 2022;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.882506.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.882506"},{"issue":"2","key":"1101_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/2\/499","volume":"57","author":"M Moteabbed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moteabbed M, Geyer A, Drenkhahn R, Bolch WE, Paganetti H. Comparison of whole-body phantom designs to estimate organ equivalent neutron doses for secondary cancer risk assessment in proton therapy. Phys Med Biol. 2012;57(2):499\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/2\/499.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"1101_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gallagher KJ, Tannous J, Nabha R, Feghali JA, Ayoub Z, Jalbout W, et al. Supplemental computational phantoms to estimate out-of-field absorbed dose in photon radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol. 2018;63(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa9838.","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa9838"},{"issue":"13","key":"1101_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5293","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa6c9e","volume":"62","author":"M De Saint-Hubert","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Saint-Hubert M, Verellen D, Poels K, Crijns W, Magliona F, Depuydt T, et al. Out-of-field doses from pediatric craniospinal irradiations using 3D-CRT, IMRT, helical tomotherapy and electron-based therapy. Phys Med Biol. 2017;62(13):5293\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa6c9e.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1101_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/1\/12","volume":"61","author":"C Geng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Geng C, Moteabbed M, Xie Y, Schuemann J, Yock T, Paganetti H. Assessing the radiation-induced second cancer risk in proton therapy for pediatric brain tumors: The impact of employing a patient-specific aperture in pencil beam scanning. Phys Med Biol. 2015;61(1):12\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/1\/12.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"1101_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncy013","volume":"180","author":"O Ardenfors","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ardenfors O, Gudowska I, Flejmer AM, Dasu A. Impact of irradiation setup in proton spot scanning brain therapy on organ doses from secondary radiation. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2018;180(1\u20134):261\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rpd\/ncy013.","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"key":"1101_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2019.03.008","volume":"60","author":"AR Beierholm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beierholm AR, Nygaard DE, Juhl EL, Hansen R, Hansen J. Evaluating out-of-field doses during radiotherapy of paediatric brain tumors using lead shielding and flattening-filter free beams. Physica Med. 2019;60:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2019.03.008.","journal-title":"Physica Med"},{"key":"1101_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kne\u017eevi\u0107 \u017d, Stolarczyk L, Ambro\u017eov\u00e1 I, Caballero-Pacheco M, Dav\u00eddkov\u00e1 M, De Saint-Hubert M, et al. Out-of-Field Doses Produced by a Proton Scanning Beam Inside Pediatric Anthropomorphic Phantoms and Their Comparison With Different Photon Modalities. Front Oncol. 2022;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.904563.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.904563"},{"issue":"10","key":"1101_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/10\/006","volume":"55","author":"BS Athar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Athar BS, Bednarz B, Seco J, Hancox C, Paganetti H. Comparison of out-of-field photon doses in 6 MV IMRT and neutron doses in proton therapy for adult and pediatric patients. Phys Med Biol. 2010;55(10):2879\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/10\/006.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"1101_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2020.02.008","volume":"71","author":"A Cravo S\u00e1","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cravo S\u00e1 A, Barateiro A, Bednarz B, Borges C, Pereira J, Baptista M, et al. Assessment of out-of-field doses in radiotherapy treatments of paediatric patients using Monte Carlo methods and measurements. Physica Med. 2020;71:53\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2020.02.008.","journal-title":"Physica Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1101_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6203.79686","volume":"36","author":"M Taylor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Taylor M, Kron T. Consideration of the radiation dose delivered away from the treatment field to patients in radiotherapy. J Med Phys. 2011;36(2):59\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0971-6203.79686.","journal-title":"J Med Phys"},{"key":"1101_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peet SC. Out-of-Field Dosimetry in Contemporary Radiation Therapy. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5204\/thesis.eprints.234916","DOI":"10.5204\/thesis.eprints.234916"},{"issue":"1","key":"1101_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2024.03.007","volume":"120","author":"N Benzazon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benzazon N, Carr\u00e9 A, de Kermenguy F, Niyoteka S, Maury P, Colnot J, et al. Deep-Learning for Rapid Estimation of the Out-of-Field Dose in External Beam Photon Radiation Therapy - A Proof of Concept. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2024;120(1):253\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2024.03.007.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"23","key":"1101_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6999","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/23\/S03","volume":"55","author":"RM Howell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Howell RM, Scarboro SB, Kry SF, Yaldo DZ. Accuracy of out-of-field dose calculations by a commercial treatment planning system. Phys Med Biol. 2010;55(23):6999\u20137008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/23\/S03.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1101_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/3\/021","volume":"55","author":"ML Taylor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Taylor ML, McDermott LN, Johnston PN, Haynes M, Ackerly T, Kron T, et al. Stereotactic fields shaped with a micro-multileaf collimator: Systematic characterization of peripheral dose. Phys Med Biol. 2010;55(3):873\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/3\/021.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"1101_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cravo S\u00e1 A, Barateiro A, Bednarz BP, Almeida P, Vaz P, Madaleno T. Comparison of 3DCRT and IMRT out-of-field doses in pediatric patients using Monte Carlo simulations with treatment planning system calculations and measurements. Front Oncol. 2022;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.879167.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.879167"},{"key":"1101_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Attalla EM, Sinousy DM, Ibrahim HF, Elhussiny FA, Elmekawy AF. The accuracy of out of field dose calculations in commercial treatment planning system using GATE\/GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation (Attalla et al). Radiat Phys Chem. 2023;206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2023.110772.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2023.110772"},{"key":"1101_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2017.09.097","volume":"42","author":"E Alessandro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alessandro E, Firass G, Santos J, Abstract ID. 185 Monte Carlo simulation of \u2018\u2019Out-of-Field dose distributions in a pediatric phantom in external radiotherapy - Comparison with Gafchromic film measurements. Physica Med. 2017;42:39\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2017.09.097.","journal-title":"Physica Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1101_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.18502\/fbt.v9i1.8145","volume":"9","author":"S Elmtalab","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elmtalab S, Karimi AH, Mehr FSK, Zamani H, Abedi I, Pashaei F. Estimating Radiotherapy-Induced Secondary Cancer Risk Arising from Brain Irradiation at High Energy: A Monte Carlo Study. Front Biomedical Technol. 2022;9(1):53\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/fbt.v9i1.8145.","journal-title":"Front Biomedical Technol"},{"key":"1101_CR33","unstructured":"Cristina V, Pita I. Monte Carlo LINAC Simulations using PRIMO for IMRT Treatment Verification. 2016."},{"issue":"9","key":"1101_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4616","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14356","volume":"47","author":"B S\u00e1nchez-Nieto","year":"2020","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Nieto B, Medina-Ascanio KN, Rodr\u00edguez-Mongua JL, Doerner E, Espinoza I. Study of out-of-field dose in photon radiotherapy: A commercial treatment planning system versus measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Med Phys. 2020;47(9):4616\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.14356.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"1101_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4103\/jmp.JMP_82_18","volume":"44","author":"NS Shine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shine NS, Paramu R, Gopinath M, Jaon Bos RC, Jayadevan PM. Out-of-field dose calculation by a commercial treatment planning system and comparison by monte carlo simulation for varian TrueBeam\u00ae. J Med Phys. 2019;44(3):156\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jmp.JMP_82_18.","journal-title":"J Med Phys"},{"issue":"11","key":"1101_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4405","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2360013","volume":"33","author":"SF Kry","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kry SF, Titt U, P\u00f6nisch F, Followill D, Vassiliev ON, Allen White R, et al. A Monte Carlo model for calculating out-of-field dose from a Varian 6 MV beam. Med Phys. 2006;33(11):4405\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.2360013.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"1101_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meffe G, Votta C, Turco G, Chill\u00e8 E, Nardini M, Romano A, et al. Impact of data transfer between treatment planning systems on dosimetric parameters. Physica Med. 2024;121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2024.103369.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2024.103369"},{"issue":"2","key":"1101_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.14407\/jrpr.2018.43.2.59","volume":"43","author":"Jin Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim Jin, Han JH, Choi CH, An HJ, Wu HG, Park JM. Discrepancies in Dose-volume Histograms Generated from Different Treatment Planning Systems. J Radiation Prot Res. 2018;43(2):59\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14407\/jrpr.2018.43.2.59.","journal-title":"J Radiation Prot Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1101_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v14i2.4139","volume":"14","author":"JY Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang JY, Followill DS, Wang XA, Kry SF. Accuracy and sources of error of out-of field dose calculations by a commercial treatment planning system for intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatments. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2013;14(2):186\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1120\/jacmp.v14i2.4139.","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"}],"container-title":["Radiological Physics and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01101-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01101-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01101-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T20:03:24Z","timestamp":1788638604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01101-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12194-026-01101-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0333","1865-0341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0333","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}