{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:29:13Z","timestamp":1790386153998,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,23]],"date-time":"2016-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,23]],"date-time":"2016-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AI118805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI118805"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Folia Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-016-0445-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,23]],"date-time":"2016-01-23T05:54:16Z","timestamp":1453528456000},"page":"375-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Pneumolysin plays a key role at the initial step of establishing pneumococcal nasal colonization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Muneki","family":"Hotomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yuasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Briles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Yamanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"445_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.1.133-140.2000","volume":"68","author":"AM Berry","year":"2000","unstructured":"Berry AM, Paton JC (2000) Additive attenuation of virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae by mutation of the genes encoding pneumolysin and other putative pneumococcal virulence proteins. Infect Immun 68:133\u2013140","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.7.2037-2042.1989","volume":"57","author":"AM Berry","year":"1989","unstructured":"Berry AM, Yother J, Briles DE, Hansman D, Paton JC (1989) Reduced virulence of a defined pneumolysin-negative mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 57:2037\u20132042","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01969.x","volume":"5","author":"GJ Boulnois","year":"1991","unstructured":"Boulnois GJ, Paton JC, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW (1991) Structure and function of pneumolysin, the multifunctional, thiol-activated toxin of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol Microbiol 5:2611\u20132616","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"445_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.153.3.694","volume":"153","author":"DE Briles","year":"1981","unstructured":"Briles DE, Nahm M, Schroer K, Davie J, Baker P, Kearney J, Barletta R (1981) Antiphosphocholine antibodies found in normal mouse serum are protective against intravenous infection with type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Exp Med 153:694\u2013705","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"445_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00285-1","volume":"19","author":"DE Briles","year":"2000","unstructured":"Briles DE, Hollingshead SK, Nabors GS, Paton JC, Brooks-Walter A (2000) The potential for using protein vaccines to protect against otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vaccine 19(1):S87\u2013S95","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"445_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6945","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6945-6951.2005","volume":"73","author":"DE Briles","year":"2005","unstructured":"Briles DE, Novak L, Hotomi M, van Ginkel FW, King J (2005) Nasal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae includes subpopulations of surface and invasive pneumococci. Infect Immun 73:6945\u20136951","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"445_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S797","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/5.Supplement_4.S797","volume":"5","author":"EJ Brown","year":"1983","unstructured":"Brown EJ, Hosea SW, Frank MM (1983) The role of antibody and complement in the reticuloendothelial clearance of pneumococci from the bloodstream. Rev Infect Dis 5(4):S797\u2013S805","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"445_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.5.3.293-296.1977","volume":"5","author":"GM Converse III","year":"1977","unstructured":"Converse GM III, Dillon HC Jr (1977) Epidemiological studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants: methods of isolating pneumococci. J Clin Microbiol 5:293\u2013296","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"445_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.471","volume":"173","author":"S Dave","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dave S, Carmicle S, Hammerschmidt S, Pangburn MK, McDaniel LS (2004) Dual roles of PspC, a surface protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, in binding human secretory IgA and factor H. J Immunol 173:471\u2013477","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"445_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1086\/516477","volume":"175","author":"H Faden","year":"1997","unstructured":"Faden H, Duffy L, Wasielewski R, Wolf J, Krystofik D, Tung Y (1997) Relationship between nasopharyngeal colonization and the development of otitis media in children. J Infect Dis 175:1440\u20131445","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"445_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/5.5.416","volume":"5","author":"C Feldman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Feldman C, Munro NC, Jeffery PK, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW, Boulnois GJ, Guerreiro D, Rohde JAL, Todd HC, Cole PJ, Wilson R (1991) Pneumolysin induces the salient histologic features of pneumococcal infection in the rat lung in vivo. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 5:416\u2013423","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"445_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00163","volume":"4","author":"RP Gilley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gilley RP, Orihuela CJ (2014) Pneumococci in biofilms are non-invasive: implications on nasopharyngeal colonization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 4:163","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"445_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/142.6.923","volume":"142","author":"BM Gray","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gray BM, Converse GM III, Dillon HC Jr (1980) Epidemiologic studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants: acquisition, carriage, and infection during the first 24 months of life. J Infect Dis 142:923\u2013933","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"445_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/132.1.62","volume":"132","author":"JM Gwaltney Jr","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gwaltney JM Jr, Sande MA, Austrian R, Hendley JO (1975) Spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae in families. II. Relation of transfer of S. pneumoniae to incidence of colds and serum antibody. J Infect Dis 132:62\u201368","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"445_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.24.11140","volume":"92","author":"LS Havarstein","year":"1995","unstructured":"Havarstein LS, Coomaraswamy G, Morrison DA (1995) An unmodified heptadecapeptide pheromone induces competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:11140\u201311144","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"445_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.4.1501-1503.1994","volume":"62","author":"S Houldsworth","year":"1994","unstructured":"Houldsworth S, Andrew PW, Mitchell TJ (1994) Pneumolysin stimulates production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1\/3 by human mononuclear phagocytes. Infect Immun 62:1501\u20131503","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.4.1886","volume":"168","author":"H Jarva","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jarva H, Janulczyk R, Hellwage J, Zipfel PF, Bjorck L, Meri S (2002) Streptococcus pneumoniae evades complement attack and opsonophagocytosis by expressing the pspC locus-encoded Hic protein that binds to short consensus repeats 8-11 of factor H. J Immunol 168:1886\u20131894","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"445_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.65.2.187-207.2001","volume":"65","author":"MJ Jedrzejas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jedrzejas MJ (2001) Pneumococcal virulence factors: structure and function. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 65:187\u2013207","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"445_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.492-501.2000","volume":"68","author":"A Kadioglu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kadioglu A, Gingles NA, Grattan K, Kerr A, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW (2000) Host cellular immune response to pneumococcal lung infection in mice. Infect Immun 68:492\u2013501","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.2886-2890.2002","volume":"70","author":"A Kadioglu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kadioglu A, Taylor S, Iannelli F, Pozzi G, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW (2002) Upper and lower respiratory tract infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae is affected by pneumolysin deficiency and differences in capsule type. Infect Immun 70:2886\u20132890","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1086\/514205","volume":"177","author":"JO Kim","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kim JO, Weiser JN (1998) Association of intrastrain phase variation in quantity of capsular polysaccharide and teichoic acid with the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 177:368\u2013377","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"445_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.3755-3761.2001","volume":"69","author":"AD Magee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Magee AD, Yother J (2001) Requirement for capsule in colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 69:3755\u20133761","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu058","volume":"210","author":"LR Marks","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marks LR, Mashburn-Warren L, Federle MJ, Hakansson AP (2014) Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm growth in vitro and in vivo and its role in colonization, virulence, and genetic exchange. J Infect Dis 210:25\u201334","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"445_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2011.12.001","volume":"13","author":"S Mehr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mehr S, Wood N (2012) Streptococcus pneumoniae\u2014a review of carriage, infection, serotype replacement and vaccination. Paediatr Respir Rev 13:258\u2013264","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"445_CR25","first-page":"515","volume":"59","author":"M Nandoskar","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nandoskar M, Ferrante A, Bates EJ, Hurst N, Paton JC (1986) Inhibition of human monocyte respiratory burst, degranulation, phospholipid methylation and bactericidal activity by pneumolysin. Immunology 59:515\u2013520","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"445_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00566.x","volume":"7","author":"AL Nelson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nelson AL, Barasch JM, Bunte RM, Weiser JN (2005) Bacterial colonization of nasal mucosa induces local expression of siderocalin, aniron-sequestering component of innate immunity. Cell Microbiol 7:1404\u20131417","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"445_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01384-06","volume":"75","author":"AD Ogunniyi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ogunniyi AD, LeMessurier KS, Graham RM, Watt JM, Briles DE, Stroeher UH, Paton JC (2007) Contributions of pneumolysin, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), and PspC to pathogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 in a mouse model. Infect Immun 75:1843\u20131851","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1086\/424596","volume":"190","author":"CJ Orihuela","year":"2004","unstructured":"Orihuela CJ, Gao G, Francis KP, Yu J, Tuomanen EI (2004) Tissue-specific contributions of pneumococcal virulence factors to pathogenesis. J Infect Dis 190:1661\u20131669","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"445_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842X(96)81526-5","volume":"4","author":"JC Paton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Paton JC (1996) The contribution of pneumolysin to the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Trends Microbiol 4:103\u2013106","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"445_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.41.3.1212-1216.1983","volume":"41","author":"JC Paton","year":"1983","unstructured":"Paton JC, Ferrante A (1983) Inhibition of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte respiratory burst, bactericidal activity, and migration by pneumolysin. Infect Immun 41:1212\u20131216","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.43.3.1085-1087.1984","volume":"43","author":"JC Paton","year":"1984","unstructured":"Paton JC, Rowan-Kelly B, Ferrante A (1984) Activation of human complement by the pneumococcal toxin pneumolysin. Infect Immun 43:1085\u20131087","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12129","volume":"70","author":"AC Perez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perez AC, Pang B, King LB, Tan L, Murrah KA, Reimche JL, Wren JT, Richardson SH, Ghandi U, Swords WE (2014) Residence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis within polymicrobial biofilm promotes antibiotic resistance and bacterial persistence in vivo. Pathog Dis 70:280\u2013288","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"key":"445_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500599102","volume":"102","author":"AJ Ratner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ratner AJ, Lysenko ES, Paul MN, Weiser JN (2005) Synergistic proinflammatory responses induced by polymicrobial colonization of epithelial surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:3429\u20133434","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"445_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.2.442-447.1995","volume":"63","author":"CF Rayner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rayner CF, Jackson AD, Rutman A, Dewar A, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW, Cole PJ, Wilson R (1995) Interaction of pneumolysin-sufficient and -deficient isogenic variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae with human respiratory mucosa. Infect Immun 63:442\u2013447","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.114-122.2004","volume":"72","author":"B Ren","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ren B, Szalai AJ, Hollingshead SK, Briles DE (2004) Effects of PspA and antibodies to PspA on activation and deposition of complement on the pneumococcal surface. Infect Immun 72:114\u2013122","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.5.1740-1746.1992","volume":"60","author":"JB Rubins","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rubins JB, Duane PG, Charboneau D, Janoff EN (1992) Toxicity of pneumolysin to pulmonary endothelial cells in vitro. Infect Immun 60:1740\u20131746","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.4.1352-1358.1993","volume":"61","author":"JB Rubins","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rubins JB, Duane PG, Clawson D, Charboneau D, Young J, Niewoehner DE (1993) Toxicity of pneumolysin to pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. Infect Immun 61:1352\u20131358","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117631","volume":"95","author":"JB Rubins","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rubins JB, Charboneau D, Paton JC, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW, Janoff EN (1995) Dual function of pneumolysin in the early pathogenesis of murine pneumococcal pneumonia. J Clin Invest 95:142\u2013150","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"445_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.4.8616564","volume":"153","author":"JB Rubins","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rubins JB, Charboneau D, Fasching C, Berry AM, Paton JC, Alexander JE, Andrew PW, Mitchell TJ, Janoff EN (1996) Distinct roles for pneumolysin\u2019s cytotoxic and complement activities in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153:1339\u20131346","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"445_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1998.0239","volume":"25","author":"JB Rubins","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rubins JB, Paddock AH, Charboneau D, Berry AM, Paton JC, Janoff EN (1998) Pneumolysin in pneumococcal adherence and colonization. Microb Pathog 25:337\u2013342","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"445_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028738","volume":"6","author":"CJ Sanchez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sanchez CJ, Kumar N, Lizcano A, Shivshankar P, Dunning Hotopp JC, Jorgensen JH, Tettelin H, Orihuela CJ (2011) Streptococcus pneumoniae in biofilms are unable to cause invasive disease due to altered virulence determinant production. PLoS One 6, e28738","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"445_CR42","first-page":"e00655","volume":"10","author":"JR Shak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shak JR, Ludewick HP, Howery KE, Sakai F, Harvey RM, Paton JC, Klugman KP, Vidal JE (2013) Novel role for the Streptococcus pneumoniae toxin pneumolysin in the assembly of biofilms. MBio 10:e00655\u201313","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"445_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.7.2006-2013.1989","volume":"57","author":"C Steinfort","year":"1989","unstructured":"Steinfort C, Wilson R, Mitchell T, Feldman C, Rutman A, Todd H, Sykes D, Walker J, Saunders K, Andrew PW, Boulnois GJ, Cole PJ (1989) Effects of Streptococcus pneumoniae on human respiratory epithelium in vitro. Infect Immun 57:2006\u20132013","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"445_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62225-8","volume":"378","author":"DM Weinberger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weinberger DM, Malley R, Lipsitch M (2011) Serotype replacement in disease after pneumococcal vaccination. Lancet 378:1962\u20131973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"445_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003143","volume":"187","author":"M Witzenrath","year":"2011","unstructured":"Witzenrath M, Pache F, Lorenz D, Koppe U, Gutbier B, Tabeling C, Reppe K, Meixenberger K, Dorhoi A, Ma J, Holmes A, Trendelenburg G, Heimesaat MM, Bereswill S, van der Linden M, Tschopp J, Mitchell TJ, Suttorp N, Opitz B (2011) The NLRP3 inflammasome is differentially activated by pneumolysin variants and contributes to host defense in pneumococcal pneumonia. J Immunol 187:434\u2013440","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"445_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.168.3.1463-1465.1986","volume":"168","author":"J Yother","year":"1986","unstructured":"Yother J, McDaniel LS, Briles DE (1986) Transformation of encapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Bacteriol 168:1463\u20131465","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"445_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.174.2.610-618.1992","volume":"174","author":"J Yother","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yother J, Handsome GL, Briles DE (1992) Truncated forms of PspA that are secreted from Streptococcus pneumoniae and their use in functional studies and cloning of the pspA gene. J Bacteriol 174:610\u2013618","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"}],"container-title":["Folia Microbiologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12223-016-0445-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12223-016-0445-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12223-016-0445-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12223-016-0445-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T08:21:40Z","timestamp":1654158100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12223-016-0445-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,23]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12223-016-0445-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-5632","1874-9356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-5632","type":"print"},{"value":"1874-9356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 August 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Briles lab is supported by NIH grant R01AI118805.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}}]}}