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The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> among medical students who have varying levels of exposure to the hospital environment to provide valuable insights into the risk of colonization and transmission. Nasal swabs and fingerprints were obtained and cultured on a selective medium for staphylococci. The obtained isolates were confirmed as methicillin-sensitive <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant (MRSA) using PCR. Antibiotic resistance, the presence of virulence genes including enterotoxin encoding genes, and <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic> typing were performed. Among pre-clinical students, MSSA was detected on the nose in 45.2% and on the fingerprints in 10.6% of the participants. Among clinical students, MSSA was detected on the nose in 42.0% and on the fingerprints in 25.4%. Only one MRSA isolate was obtained. Genes <jats:italic>seg<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sei<\/jats:italic> were the most frequently detected in both student groups, with their presence in over 40% of isolates among clinical students. The <jats:italic>eta<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>etb<\/jats:italic> genes were mainly detected from the nose in both student groups. In pre-clinical students, <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> carrying <jats:italic>eta<\/jats:italic> gene occurred in 6.4% and <jats:italic>etb<\/jats:italic> in 8.5%. In clinical students, the occurrence was 5.1% for <jats:italic>eta<\/jats:italic> and 8.5% for <jats:italic>etb<\/jats:italic>. The <jats:italic>tst<\/jats:italic> gene was identified only in the nose and fingerprints of the clinical student group. The most frequently observed resistance was to clindamycin and erythromycin. In total 58 different <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic> types were identified. High rates of asymptomatic MSSA carriage were observed in both groups of medical students. Detected MSSA strains showed a high degree of genetic variability, with a number of them carrying the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Although students do not exhibit increased risk to their patient\u2019s, increased hygiene is required in asymptomatic carriage personnel. The overall prevalence of MRSA was low, with a minimal risk of spread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-024-01237-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T03:31:24Z","timestamp":1736739084000},"page":"241-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Asymptomatic carriage and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in pre-clinical and clinical medical students"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Krist\u00fdna","family":"Brod\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bohdana","family":"Rezkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Kol\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5456-9943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e1ta","family":"Karp\u00ed\u0161kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1237_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02136","volume":"10","author":"MF Anjum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anjum MF, Marco-Jimenez F, Duncan D, Mar\u00edn C, Smith RP, Evans SJ (2019) Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from animals and animal products in the UK. 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