{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:58:47Z","timestamp":1786982327301,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Folia Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-025-01371-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T07:03:07Z","timestamp":1761548587000},"page":"47-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gut allies against metabolic disorders: the therapeutic promise of probiotics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9397-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tolulope Joshua","family":"Ashaolu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh-Do","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1371_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030430","volume":"12","author":"ME Abouelela","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abouelela ME, Helmy YA (2024) Next-generation probiotics as novel therapeutics for improving human health: current trends and future perspectives. Microorganisms 12(3):430","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"1371_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.999001","volume":"13","author":"M Afzaal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Afzaal M, Saeed F, Shah YA, Hussain M, Rabail R, Socol CT, Hassoun A, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM, Rusu AV, Aadil RM (2022) Human gut microbiota in health and disease: unveiling the relationship. Front Microbiol 13:999001","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1371_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2020.02.016","volume":"65","author":"N Aggarwal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aggarwal N, Breedon AM, Davis CM, Hwang IY, Chang MW (2020) Engineering probiotics for therapeutic applications: recent examples and translational outlook. Curr Opin Biotechnol 65:171\u2013179","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1371_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0768-z","volume":"55","author":"A Agusti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agusti A, Moya-P\u00e9rez A, Campillo I, Montserrat-De La Paz S, Cerrudo V, Perez-Villalba A, Sanz Y (2018) Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 ameliorates neuroendocrine alterations associated with an exaggerated stress response and anhedonia in obese mice. Mol Neurobiol 55(6):5337\u20135352","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1371_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14020122","volume":"14","author":"SB Al-Ghamdi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Ghamdi SB (2025) Probiotics as renal guardians: modulating gut microbiota to combat diabetes-induced kidney damage. Biol 14(2):122","journal-title":"Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1371_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12758","volume":"39","author":"A Alisi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alisi A, Bedogni G, Baviera G, Giorgio V, Porro E, Paris C, Giammaria P, Reali L, Anania F, Nobili V (2014) Randomised clinical trial: the beneficial effects of VSL# 3 in obese children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 39(11):1276\u20131285","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"1371_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063167","volume":"23","author":"L Arellano-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arellano-Garc\u00eda L, Portillo MP, Mart\u00ednez JA, Milton-Laskibar I (2022) Usefulness of probiotics in the management of NAFLD: evidence and involved mechanisms of action from preclinical and human models. Int J Mol Sci 23(6):3167","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1371_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110625","volume":"130","author":"TJ Ashaolu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ashaolu TJ (2020) Immune boosting functional foods and their mechanisms: a critical evaluation of probiotics and prebiotics. Biomed Pharmacother 130:110625","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1371_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayesha IE, Monson NR, Klair N, Patel U, Saxena A, Patel D, Venugopal S, Ayesha IE (2023) Probiotics and their role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Short-term versus long-term effect): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus 15(10):1\u201314","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.46741"},{"issue":"2","key":"1371_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12626","volume":"19","author":"H Borgeraas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borgeraas H, Johnson LK, Skattebu J, Hertel JK, Hjelmesaeth J (2018) Effects of probiotics on body weight, body mass index, fat mass and fat percentage in subjects with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 19(2):219\u2013232","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1371_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0303-2","volume":"8","author":"CL Boulang\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boulang\u00e9 CL, Neves AL, Chilloux J, Nicholson JK, Dumas ME (2016) Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease. Genome Med 8(1):42","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1371_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1491","volume":"56","author":"PD Cani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, Poggi M, Knauf C, Bastelica D, Neyrinck AM, Fava F, Tuohy KM, Chabo C, Waget A (2007) Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 56(7):1761\u20131772","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1371_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1155306","volume":"10","author":"C Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao C, Shi M, Wang X, Yao Y, Zeng R (2023) Effects of probiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of human clinical trials. Front Nutr 10:1155306","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"1371_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandrasekaran P, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R (2024) effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: an overview. Int J Mol Sci 25(11):6022","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116022"},{"issue":"7484","key":"1371_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","volume":"505","author":"LA David","year":"2014","unstructured":"David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, Gootenberg DB, Button JE, Wolfe BE, Ling AV, Devlin AS, Varma Y, Fischbach MA, Biddinger SB (2014) Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature 505(7484):559\u2013563","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1371_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2025.103208","author":"D Dhanasekaran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhanasekaran D, Venkatesan M, Sabarathinam S (2025) Efficacy of microbiome-targeted interventions in obesity management-a comprehensive systematic review. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 19(2):103208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2025.103208","journal-title":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"1371_CR17","first-page":"129","volume":"5","author":"T Eslamparast","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eslamparast T, Eghtesad S, Hekmatdoost A, Poustchi H (2013) Probiotics and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Middle East J Dig Dis 5(3):129","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"issue":"22","key":"1371_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9066","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219451110","volume":"110","author":"A Everard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Everard A, Belzer C, Geurts L, Ouwerkerk JP, Druart C, Bindels LB, Guiot Y, Derrien M, Muccioli GG, Delzenne NM, De Vos WM (2013) Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(22):9066\u20139071","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"1371_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01011-14","volume":"5","author":"A Everard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Everard A, Matamoros S, Geurts L, Delzenne NM, Cani PD (2014) Saccharomyces boulardii administration changes gut microbiota and reduces hepatic steatosis, low-grade inflammation, and fat mass in obese and type 2 diabetic db\/db mice. MBio 5(3):10\u2013128","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"4","key":"1371_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.153","volume":"7","author":"N Fei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fei N, Zhao L (2013) An opportunistic pathogen isolated from the gut of an obese human causes obesity in germfree mice. ISME J 7(4):880\u2013884","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1371_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90820-8","volume":"15","author":"M Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo M, Li J, Zhang L, Chen C, Wei Y, Shen ZA (2025) Effects of oral supplementation of probiotics on body weight and visceral fat in obese patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Sci Rep 15(1):6355","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1371_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-017-0183-1","volume":"7","author":"M He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He M, Shi B (2017) Gut microbiota as a potential target of metabolic syndrome: the role of probiotics and prebiotics. Cell Biosci 7:1\u201314","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"1371_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","volume":"11","author":"C Hill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, Morelli L, Canani RB, Flint HJ, Salminen S, Calder PC (2014) The international scientific association for probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 11(8):506\u2013514","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1371_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.634780","volume":"11","author":"X Jia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jia X, Xu W, Zhang L, Li X, Wang R, Wu S (2021) Impact of gut microbiota and microbiota-related metabolites on hyperlipidemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11:634780","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1371_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.04.015","volume":"12","author":"N Kobyliak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kobyliak N, Falalyeyeva T, Mykhalchyshyn G, Kyriienko D, Komissarenko I (2018) Effect of alive probiotic on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients: randomized clinical trial. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 12(5):617\u2013624","journal-title":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"1371_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68440-1","volume":"10","author":"T Kocsis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kocsis T, Moln\u00e1r B, N\u00e9meth D, Hegyi P, Szak\u00e1cs Z, B\u00e1lint A, Garami A, So\u00f3s A, M\u00e1rta K, Solymar M (2020) Probiotics have beneficial metabolic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Sci Rep 10(1):11787","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1371_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11040896","volume":"11","author":"R Kullar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kullar R, Goldstein EJ, Johnson S, McFarland LV (2023) Lactobacillus bacteremia and probiotics: a review. Microorganisms 11(4):896","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"1371_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1216674","volume":"14","author":"A Latif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Latif A, Shehzad A, Niazi S, Zahid A, Ashraf W, Iqbal MW, Rehman A, Riaz T, Aadil RM, Khan IM, \u00d6zogul F (2023) Probiotics: mechanism of action, health benefits and their application in food industries. Front Microbiol 14:1216674","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1371_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2015.39.4.291","volume":"39","author":"M Le Barz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Le Barz M, Anh\u00ea FF, Varin TV, Desjardins Y, Levy E, Roy D, Urdaci MC, Marette A (2015) Probiotics as complementary treatment for metabolic disorders. Diabetes Metab J 39(4):291","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"1371_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.887019","volume":"9","author":"SH Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee SH, Ahmad SR, Lim YC, Zulkipli IN (2022) The use of probiotic therapy in metabolic and neurological diseases. Front Nutr 9:887019","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"1371_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093211","volume":"13","author":"HY Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li HY, Zhou DD, Gan RY, Huang SY, Zhao CN, Shang AO, Xu XY, Li HB (2021) Effects and mechanisms of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics on metabolic diseases targeting gut microbiota: a narrative review. Nutrients 13(9):3211","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"1371_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr12020316","volume":"12","author":"M Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu M, Chen J, Dharmasiddhi IP, Chen S, Liu Y, Liu H (2024) Review of the potential of probiotics in disease treatment: mechanisms, engineering, and applications. Processes 12(2):316","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"1371_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2025.104100","author":"X Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu X, Tong Y, Qin J, Zhao Y (2025) Efficacy and safety of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation in metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 35(9):104100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2025.104100","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"1371_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.06.013","volume":"138","author":"T Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma T, Shen X, Shi X, Sakandar HA, Quan K, Li Y, Jin H, Kwok LY, Zhang H, Sun Z (2023) Targeting gut microbiota and metabolism as the major probiotic mechanism-an evidence-based review. Trends Food Sci Technol 138:178\u2013198","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"1371_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hnm.2024.200286","volume":"38","author":"D Menafra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Menafra D, Progan\u00f2 M, Tecce N, Pivonello R, Colao A (2024) Diet and gut microbiome: impact of each factor and mutual interactions on prevention and treatment of type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Human Nutrition & Metabolism 38:200286","journal-title":"Human Nutrition & Metabolism"},{"issue":"19","key":"1371_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914918","volume":"24","author":"A Mijangos-Trejo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mijangos-Trejo A, Nu\u00f1o-Lambarri N, Barbero-Becerra V, Uribe-Esquivel M, Vidal-Cevallos P, Ch\u00e1vez-Tapia N (2023) Prebiotics and probiotics: therapeutic tools for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci 24(19):14918","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1371_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-025-00624-0","volume":"14","author":"S Mishra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mishra S, Jain S, Agadzi B, Yadav H (2025) A cascade of microbiota-leaky gut-inflammation-is it a key player in metabolic disorders? Curr Obes Rep 14(1):1\u201315","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"1371_CR38","first-page":"1","volume":"18","author":"N Mojgani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mojgani N, Ashique S, Moradi M, Bagheri M, Garg A, Kaushik M, Hussain MS, Yasmin S, Ansari MY (2025) Gut microbiota and postbiotic metabolites: biotic intervention for enhancing vaccine responses and personalized medicine for disease prevention. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 18:1\u201323","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"issue":"1","key":"1371_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2013.04.011","volume":"24","author":"A Moya-P\u00e9rez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moya-P\u00e9rez A, Romo-Vaquero M, Tom\u00e1s-Barber\u00e1n F, Sanz Y, Garc\u00eda-Conesa MT (2014) Hepatic molecular responses to Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 24(1):57\u201364","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"1371_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1570233","volume":"16","author":"A Nazir","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nazir A, Hussain FH, Nadeem Hussain TH, Al Dweik R, Raza A (2025) Therapeutic targeting of the host-microbiota-immune axis: implications for precision health. Front Immunol 16:1570233","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1371_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2021.02.014","volume":"41","author":"MA Nunez-Sanchez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nunez-Sanchez MA, Herisson FM, Cluzel GL, Caplice NM (2021) Metabolic syndrome and synbiotic targeting of the gut microbiome. Curr Opin Food Sci 41:60\u201369","journal-title":"Curr Opin Food Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1371_CR42","volume":"70","author":"Q Oudat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oudat Q, Okour A (2025) The role of probiotics in modulating gut microbiota and metabolic health for weight management: a mini review. Acta Microbiol Hell 70(1):5","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol Hell"},{"issue":"1","key":"1371_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03356-y","volume":"24","author":"Y Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan Y, Yang Y, Wu J, Zhou H, Yang C (2024) Efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterol 24(1):283","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1371_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059470","volume":"8","author":"DY Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park DY, Ahn YT, Park SH, Huh CS, Yoo SR, Yu R, Sung MK, McGregor RA, Choi MS (2013) Supplementation of Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 in diet-induced obese mice is associated with gut microbial changes and reduction in obesity. PLoS ONE 8(3):e59470","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1371_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1523754","volume":"16","author":"K Peng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng K, Li Y, Yang Q, Yu P, Zeng T, Lin C, Deng Y, Chen J (2025) The therapeutic promise of probiotic bacteroides fragilis (BF839) in cancer immunotherapy. Front Microbiol 16:1523754","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1371_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy063","volume":"10","author":"J Plaza-Diaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Plaza-Diaz J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Gil-Campos M, Gil A (2019) Mechanisms of action of probiotics. Adv Nutr 10:S49-66","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"1371_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1559521","volume":"16","author":"A Safarchi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Safarchi A, Al-Qadami G, Tran CD, Conlon M (2025) Understanding dysbiosis and resilience in the human gut microbiome: biomarkers, interventions, and challenges. Front Microbiol 16:1559521","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1371_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1487641","volume":"15","author":"B Sarita","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sarita B, Samadhan D, Hassan MZ, Kovaleva EG (2025) A comprehensive review of probiotics and human health-current prospective and applications. Front Microbiol 15:1487641","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1371_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.3c00127","volume":"14","author":"JM Sasso","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sasso JM, Ammar RM, Tenchov R, Lemmel S, Kelber O, Grieswelle M, Zhou QA (2023) Gut microbiome\u2013brain alliance: a landscape view into mental and gastrointestinal health and disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 14(10):1717\u20131763","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"1371_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.110971","volume":"153","author":"X Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song X, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Weng P, Liu L, Zhang R, Wu Z (2022) The gut microbiota\u2013brain axis: role of the gut microbial metabolites of dietary food in obesity. Food Res Int 153:110971","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"issue":"50","key":"1371_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27679","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c08702","volume":"72","author":"A Tiwari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tiwari A, Ika Krisnawati D, Susilowati E, Mutalik C, Kuo TR (2024) Next-generation probiotics and chronic diseases: a review of current research and future directions. J Agric Food Chem 72(50):27679\u201327700","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"1371_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16273","volume":"27","author":"T Toshimitsu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Toshimitsu T, Irie J (2025) An update and overview of the various health-related benefits of probiotics: a focus on clinical trials demonstrating efficacy, tolerability and use in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 27:15\u201322","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1371_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.99","volume":"9","author":"J Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang J, Tang H, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Derrien M, Rocher E, van-Hylckama Vlieg JE, Strissel K, Zhao L, Obin M, Shen J (2015) Modulation of gut microbiota during probiotic-mediated Attenuation of metabolic syndrome in high fat diet-fed mice. ISME J 9(1):1\u20135","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"1371_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.10.026","volume":"123","author":"YH Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang YH, Liao JM, Jan MS, Wang M, Su HH, Tsai WH, Liu PH, Tsuei YS, Huang SS (2025) Prophylactic use of probiotics as an adjunctive treatment for ischemic stroke via the gut-spleen-brain axis. Brain Behav Immun 123:784\u2013798","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1371_CR55","volume":"2015","author":"CC Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu CC, Weng WL, Lai WL, Tsai HP, Liu WH, Lee MH, Tsai YC (2015) Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum strain K21 on high-fat diet\u2010fed obese mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015(1):391767","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1371_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112837","volume":"11","author":"C Xie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xie C, Halegoua-DeMarzio D (2019) Role of probiotics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: does gut microbiota matter? Nutrients 11(11):2837","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"1371_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45176","volume":"7","author":"L Xue","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xue L, He J, Gao N, Lu X, Li M, Wu X, Liu Z, Jin Y, Liu J, Xu J, Geng Y (2017) Probiotics may delay the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by restoring the gut microbiota structure and improving intestinal endotoxemia. Sci Rep 7(1):45176","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1371_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.01.017","volume":"7","author":"M Yao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yao M, Qv L, Lu Y, Wang B, Berglund B, Li L (2021) An update on the efficacy and functionality of probiotics for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Engineering 7(5):679\u2013686","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"1371_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030173","volume":"8","author":"JY Yoo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yoo JY, Kim SS (2016) Probiotics and prebiotics: present status and future perspectives on metabolic disorders. Nutrients 8(3):173","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"1371_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20428","volume":"21","author":"SR Yoo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoo SR, Kim YJ, Park DY, Jung UJ, Jeon SM, Ahn YT, Huh CS, McGregor R, Choi MS (2013) Probiotics L. plantarum and L. curvatus in combination alter hepatic lipid metabolism and suppress diet-induced obesity. Obesity 21(12):2571\u20132578","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"1371_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107694","volume":"10","author":"M You","year":"2025","unstructured":"You M, Zhou L, Wu F, Zhang L, Zhu SX, Zhang HX (2025) Probiotics for the treatment of hyperlipidemia: focus on gut-liver axis and lipid metabolism. Pharmacol Res 10:107694","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"1371_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1355542","volume":"11","author":"P Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou P, Chen C, Patil S, Dong S (2024) Unveiling the therapeutic symphony of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in gut-immune harmony. Front Nutr 11:1355542","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1371_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-024-00354-7","volume":"14","author":"MA Zolghadrpour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zolghadrpour MA, Jowshan MR, Heidari Seyedmahalleh M, Karimpour F, Imani H, Asghari S (2024) The effect of a new developed synbiotic yogurt consumption on metabolic syndrome components in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Nutr Diabetes 14(1):97","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"}],"container-title":["Folia Microbiologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12223-025-01371-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12223-025-01371-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12223-025-01371-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T09:02:40Z","timestamp":1772874160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12223-025-01371-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12223-025-01371-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-5632","1874-9356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-5632","type":"print"},{"value":"1874-9356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}