{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:28:31Z","timestamp":1773386911963,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme","award":["No 857560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 857560"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Folia Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-026-01445-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T03:14:11Z","timestamp":1773371651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When probiotics turn deadly: a case of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus sepsis in a burn patient"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Jan\u00e1k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bohumil","family":"Bakal\u00e1\u0159","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Fridrichov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"Zwinsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Zaj\u00ed\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u0159etislav","family":"Lipov\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0953-3615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Borilova Linhartova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1445_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1993.tb02753.x","volume":"75","author":"M Aguirre","year":"1993","unstructured":"Aguirre M, Collins MD (1993) Lactic acid bacteria and human clinical infection. J Appl Bacteriol 75:95\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1993.tb02753.x","journal-title":"J Appl Bacteriol"},{"key":"1445_CR2","first-page":"4","volume":"6","author":"AA Alekseev","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alekseev AA, Iakovlev VP, Fedorov VD (1999) Infektsiia u obozhzhennykh: voprosy patogeneza, profilaktiki i lecheniia [Infection in burn patients: the problems of pathogenesis, prevention and treatment]. Khirurgiia 6:4\u20139","journal-title":"Khirurgiia"},{"key":"1445_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.4.773","volume":"23","author":"SJ Antony","year":"1996","unstructured":"Antony SJ, Stratton CW, Dummer JS (1996) Lactobacillus bacteremia: description of the clinical course in adult patients without endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 23:773\u2013778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinids\/23.4.773","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1445_CR4","first-page":"505","volume":"51","author":"KA Bourne","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bourne KA, Beebe JL, Lue YA, Ellner PD (1978) Bacteremia due to Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium or Lactobacillus; twenty-one cases and review of the literature. Yale J Biol Med 51:505\u2013512","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"1445_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.03.029","volume":"54","author":"MC Chiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiang MC, Chen CL, Feng Y, Chen CC, Lien R, Chiu CH (2021) Lactobacillus rhamnosus sepsis associated with probiotic therapy in an extremely preterm infant: Pathogenesis and a review for clinicians. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 54:575\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.03.029","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"1445_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Claros Ruiz JA, S\u00e1nchez S\u00e1nchez C, Vivancos Delgado R Gait\u00e1n Rom\u00e1n D, Plata Ciezar AJ (2025) Infective endocarditis caused by Lactobacillus rhamnosus in an immunocompetent patient without structural heart disease or invasive procedures: case report and literature review. Eur Heart J Case Rep 9:ytaf645 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytaf645","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytaf645"},{"key":"1445_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12587","volume":"18","author":"SA Cohen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cohen SA, Woodfield MC, Boyle N, Stednick Z, Boeckh M, Pergam SA (2016) Incidence and outcomes of bloodstream infections among hematopoietic cell transplant recipients from species commonly reported to be in over-the-counter probiotic formulations. Transpl Infect Dis 18:699\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.12587","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"1445_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041169","volume":"13","author":"B Cukrowska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cukrowska B, Ceregra A, Maciorkowska E, Surowska B, Zegad\u0142o-Mylik MA, Konopka E, Trojanowska I, Zakrzewska M, Bier\u0142a JB, Zakrzewski M, Kanarek E, Motyl I (2021) The Effectiveness of Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus casei Strains in Children with Atopic Dermatitis and Cow\u2019s Milk Protein Allergy: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study. Nutrients 13:1169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13041169","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1445_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1566312","volume":"6","author":"C Dani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dani C, Coviello CC, Corsini II, Arena F, Antonelli A, Rossolini GM (2016) Lactobacillus Sepsis and Probiotic Therapy in Newborns: Two New Cases and Literature Review. AJP Rep 6:e25\u2013e29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0035-1566312","journal-title":"AJP Rep"},{"key":"1445_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050313X2311527","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313X231152709","volume":"28","author":"E DeMarco","year":"2023","unstructured":"DeMarco E, DePetrillo J, Qadeer F (2023) Meropenem resistant Lactobacillus endocarditis in an immunocompetent patient. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 28:11:2050313X231152709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050313X231152709","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med Case Rep"},{"key":"1445_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200109000-00019","volume":"33","author":"C Farina","year":"2001","unstructured":"Farina C, Arosio M, Mangia M, Moioli F (2001) Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus sepsis in a patient with ulcerative colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 33:251\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004836-200109000-00019","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1445_CR15","first-page":"121","volume":"22","author":"AD Fayazov","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fayazov AD, Shukurov SI, Shukurov BI, Sultanov BC, Namazov AN, Ruzimuratov DA (2009) Disorders of the immune system in severely burned patients. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 22:121\u2013130","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"1445_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1599-5","volume":"31","author":"F Gouriet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gouriet F, Million M, Henri M, Fournier PE, Raoult D (2012) Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteremia: an emerging clinical entity. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31:2469\u20132480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-012-1599-5","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1445_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1086\/516109","volume":"25","author":"RN Husni","year":"1997","unstructured":"Husni RN, Gordon SM, Washington JA, Longworth DL (1997) Lactobacillus bacteremia and endocarditis: review of 45 cases. Clin Infect Dis 25:1048\u20131055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/516109","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1445_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.09.007","volume":"33","author":"L Koren","year":"2007","unstructured":"Koren L, Gurfinkel R, Glezinger R, Perry ZH, Lev-Ari S, Rosenberg L (2007) The effect of Lactobacillus bacteria supplement on sepsis and its complications in patients with acute burns. Burns 33:594\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2006.09.007","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"1445_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00120","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00120-14","volume":"2","author":"A Koryszewska-Baginska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koryszewska-Baginska A, Bardowski J, Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk T (2014) Genome Sequence of the Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Formerly Lactobacillus casei) LOCK908. Genome Announc 2:e00120\u2013e00114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/genomeA.00120-14","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"key":"1445_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.140152","volume":"18","author":"HS Kulkarni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kulkarni HS, Khoury CC (2014) Sepsis associated with Lactobacillus bacteremia in a patient with ischemic colitis. Indian J Crit Care Med 18:606\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-5229.140152","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1445_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11040896","volume":"11","author":"R Kullar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kullar R, Goldstein EJC, Johnson S, McFarland LV (2023) Lactobacillus Bacteremia and Probiotics. Rev Microorganisms 11:896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11040896","journal-title":"Rev Microorganisms"},{"key":"1445_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2137","volume":"115","author":"MH Land","year":"2005","unstructured":"Land MH, Rouster-Stevens K, Woods CR, Cannon ML, Cnota J, Shetty AK (2005) Lactobacillus sepsis associated with probiotic therapy. Pediatrics 115:178\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2004-2137","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1445_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mar\u00eda RTJ, Coss Adame E, \u00c1ngel Valdovinos D\u00edaz M, G\u00f3mez Escudero O, Eugenia Icaza Ch\u00e1vez M, Antonio Ch\u00e1vez-Barrera J, Z\u00e1rate Mondrag\u00f3n F, Antonio Ru\u00edz Velarde Velasco J, Rafael Aceves Tavares G, Antonio Lira Pedr\u00edn M, Cerda Contreras E, Carmona S\u00e1nchez RI, Guerra L\u00f3pez, Solana, Ortiz H (2020) R Lactobacillus acidophilus LB: a useful pharmabiotic for the treatment of digestive disorders. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 13:1756284820971201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756284820971201","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284820971201"},{"key":"1445_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1086\/425741","volume":"39","author":"AC Ouwehand","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ouwehand AC, Saxelin M, Salminen S (2004) Phenotypic differences between commercial Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and L. rhamnosus strains recovered from blood. Clin Infect Dis 39:1858\u20131860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/425741","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1445_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14061178","volume":"14","author":"F Rossi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rossi F, Amadoro C, Gasperi M, Colavita G (2022) Lactobacilli Infection Case Reports in the Last Three Years and Safety Implications. Nutrients 14:1178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14061178","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1445_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1086\/380455","volume":"38","author":"MK Salminen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Salminen MK, Rautelin H, Tynkkynen S, Poussa T, Saxelin M, Valtonen V, J\u00e4rvinen A (2004) Lactobacillus bacteremia, clinical significance, and patient outcome, with special focus on probiotic L. rhamnosus GG. Clin Infect Dis 38:62\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/380455","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1445_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01228.x","volume":"11","author":"AC Senok","year":"2005","unstructured":"Senok AC, Ismaeel AY, Botta GA (2005) Probiotics: facts and myths. Clin Microbiol Infect 11:958\u2013966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01228.x","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"1445_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/8.5.771","volume":"8","author":"JI Sussman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sussman JI, Baron EJ, Goldberg SM, Kaplan MH, Pizzarello RA (1986) Clinical manifestations and therapy of Lactobacillus endocarditis: report of a case and review of the literature. Rev Infect Dis 8:771\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinids\/8.5.771","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"1445_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.07.006","volume":"146","author":"T Thomova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thomova T, Jedlickova H, Bohm J, Holochova P, Ruzicka F, Borilova Linhartova P (2025) Effect of systemic therapies on skin bacteriome in patients with atopic dermatitis: A pilot prospective study. J Invest Dermatol 146:483\u2013492e8","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Folia Microbiologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12223-026-01445-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12223-026-01445-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12223-026-01445-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T03:14:15Z","timestamp":1773371655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12223-026-01445-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["1445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12223-026-01445-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-5632","1874-9356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-5632","type":"print"},{"value":"1874-9356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All the procedures performed in this case presentation were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}