{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T08:07:41Z","timestamp":1780042061936,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Folia Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-026-01517-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T08:00:56Z","timestamp":1780041656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isolation, genomic characterization, and biofilm eradication activity of vB_PaP_DMTU_1, a novel lytic bacteriophage against Pseudomonas aeruginosa"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Dhirangkana","family":"Bora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajit Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anupam Nath","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabendra","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1517_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-019-0810-9","volume":"9","author":"AS Abdelsattar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdelsattar AS, Abdelrahman F, Dawoud A, Connerton IF, El-Shibiny A (2019) Encapsulation of E. coli phage ZCEC5 in chitosan-alginate beads as a delivery system in phage therapy. AMB Express 9:87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13568-019-0810-9","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"1517_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adnan M et al. (2020) Isolation and characterization of bacteriophage to control multidrug-resistant planktonic cells and biofilm. Biologicals 63:89\u201396\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biologicals.2019.10.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2019.10.003"},{"key":"1517_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-011-0071-6","volume":"64","author":"S Ahiwale","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahiwale S, Prakash D, Gajbhiye M, Jagdale S, Patil N, Kapadnis B (2012) BVPaP-3, a T7-like lytic phage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: its isolation and characterisation. Curr Microbiol 64:305\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-011-0071-6","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alcock BP et al. (2020) CARD 2020: antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Nucleic Acids Res 48:D517-D525\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkz935","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz935"},{"key":"1517_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00257-10","volume":"54","author":"C Alvarez-Ortega","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alvarez-Ortega C, Wiegand I, Olivares J, Hancock RE, Martinez JL (2010) Genetic determinants involved in the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to beta-lactam antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54:4159\u20134167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00257-10","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1517_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1093\/phe\/phaa003","volume":"13","author":"J Anomaly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anomaly J (2020) The future of phage: ethical challenges of using phage therapy to treat bacterial infections. Public Health Ethics 13:82\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/phe\/phaa003","journal-title":"Public Health Ethics"},{"key":"1517_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36591-6","volume":"13","author":"PC Artawinata","year":"2023","unstructured":"Artawinata PC, Lorraine S, Waturangi DE (2023) Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from soil against food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Sci Rep 13:9282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-36591-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1517_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azizian R et al. (2015) Sewage as a rich source of phage study against PAO. Biologicals 43:238\u2013241\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biologicals.2015.05.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2015.05.004"},{"key":"1517_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bankevich A et al. (2012) SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J Comput Biol 19:455\u2013477\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"1517_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2004.05.001","volume":"15","author":"IB Beech","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beech IB, Sunner J (2004) Biocorrosion: towards understanding interactions between biofilms and metals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 15:181\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copbio.2004.05.001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"1517_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw002","author":"J Bertozzi Silva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bertozzi Silva J, Storms Z, Sauvageau D (2016) Host receptors for bacteriophage adsorption. FEMS Microbiol Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnw002","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"1517_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","volume":"30","author":"AM Bolger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B (2014) Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30:2114\u20132120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"1517_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8682-8_4","volume":"1838","author":"N Bonilla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bonilla N, Barr JJ (2018) Phage on tap: a quick and efficient protocol for the preparation of bacteriophage laboratory stocks. Methods Mol Biol 1838:37\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-8682-8_4","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"1517_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouras G, Nepal R, Houtak G, Psaltis AJ, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S (2023) Pharokka: a fast scalable bacteriophage annotation tool. Bioinformatics 39\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac776","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac776"},{"key":"1517_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01161","volume":"11","author":"L Bretaudeau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bretaudeau L, Tremblais K, Aubrit F, Meichenin M, Arnaud I (2020) Good manufacturing practice (GMP) compliance for phage therapy medicinal products. Front Microbiol 11:1161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01161","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brives CP, J. (2020) Phage therapy as a potential solution in the fight against AMR: obstacles and possible futures.\u00a0Palgrave Commun\u00a06 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-020-0478-4","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-020-0478-4"},{"key":"1517_CR17","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Threats in the United States, 2021\u20132022","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention U","year":"2024","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention U (2024) Antimicrobial Resistance Threats in the United States, 2021\u20132022. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S"},{"key":"1517_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2023.04.008","volume":"31","author":"K Champagne-Jorgensen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Champagne-Jorgensen K, Luong T, Darby T, Roach DR (2023) Immunogenicity of bacteriophages. Trends Microbiol 31:1058\u20131071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2023.04.008","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26717","volume":"6","author":"BK Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan BK, Sistrom M, Wertz JE, Kortright KE, Narayan D, Turner PE (2016) Phage selection restores antibiotic sensitivity in MDR. Sci Rep 6:ARTN 26717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep26717","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1517_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9077","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab688","volume":"49","author":"PP Chan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chan PP, Lin BY, Mak AJ, Lowe TM (2021) tRNAscan-SE 2.0: improved detection and functional classification of transfer RNA genes. Nucleic Acids Res 49:9077\u20139096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkab688","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1517_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00602-y","volume":"20","author":"A Chevallereau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chevallereau A, Pons BJ, van Houte S, Westra ER (2022) Interactions between bacterial and phage communities in natural environments. Nat Rev Microbiol 20:49\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-021-00602-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2977","volume":"11","author":"DM Cornforth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cornforth DM, Foster KR (2013) Competition sensing: the social side of bacterial stress responses. Nat Rev Microbiol 11:285\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro2977","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01641","volume":"7","author":"LM Coughlan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coughlan LM, Cotter PD, Hill C, Alvarez-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez A (2016) New weapons to fight old enemies: novel strategies for the (bio) control of bacterial biofilms in the food industry. Front Microbiol 7:ARTN 1641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01641","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-022-00591-2","volume":"11","author":"AJK Coyne","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coyne AJK, El Ghali A, Holger D, Rebold N, Rybak MJ (2022) Therapeutic strategies for emerging multidrug-resistant. Infect Dis Ther 11:661\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-022-00591-2","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"1517_CR27","volume-title":"Bacteriophages","author":"JJ Dennehy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dennehy JJ, Abedon ST (2021) Phage infection and lysis. In: Harper DR, Abedon ST, Burrowes BH, McConville ML (eds) Bacteriophages"},{"key":"1517_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Sousa T, Silva C, Igrejas G, H\u00e9braud M, Poeta P (2025) The Interactive Dynamics of in Global Ecology.\u00a0J Basic Microbiol\u00a065:e70004\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jobm.70004","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.70004"},{"key":"1517_CR25","volume-title":"Phage Therapy: A Practical Approach","author":"D De Vos","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Vos D, Verbeken G, Quintens J, Pirnay J (2019) Phage Therapy in Europe: Regulatory and Intellectual Property Protection Issues. In: G\u00f3rski A, Mi\u0119dzybrodzki R, Borysowski J (eds) Phage Therapy: A Practical Approach. Springer, Cham"},{"key":"1517_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-015-0788-8","volume":"70","author":"G El Didamony","year":"2015","unstructured":"El Didamony G, Askora A, Shehata AA (2015) Isolation and characterization of T7-like lytic bacteriophages infecting multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Egypt. Curr Microbiol 70:786\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-015-0788-8","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng LZ et al. (2024a) Resistance, mechanism, and fitness cost of specific bacteriophages for. Msphere 9\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.00553-23","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00553-23"},{"key":"1517_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/lifemedi\/lnae010","volume":"3","author":"Y Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng Y et al (2024b) When synthetic biology meets medicine. Life Med 3:lnae010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/lifemedi\/lnae010","journal-title":"Life Med"},{"key":"1517_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forti F et al. (2018) Design of a Broad-Range Bacteriophage Cocktail That Reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms and Treats Acute Infections in Two Animal Models.\u00a0Antimicrob Agents Chemother\u00a062\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.02573-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02573-17"},{"key":"1517_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grant JR et al. (2023) Proksee: in-depth characterization and visualization of bacterial genomes.\u00a0Nucleic Acids Res\u00a051:W484-W492\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkad326","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad326"},{"key":"1517_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3205\/dgkh000175","volume":"6","author":"JP Guggenbichler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guggenbichler JP, Assadian O, Boeswald M, Kramer A (2011) Incidence and clinical implication of nosocomial infections associated with implantable biomaterials - catheters, ventilator-associated pneumonia, urinary tract infections. GMS Krankenhhyg Interdiszip 6:Doc18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3205\/dgkh000175","journal-title":"GMS Krankenhhyg Interdiszip"},{"key":"1517_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13698","volume":"105","author":"C Guilhen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guilhen C, Forestier C, Balestrino D (2017) Biofilm dispersal: multiple elaborate strategies for dissemination of bacteria with unique properties. Mol Microbiol 105:188\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.13698","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.04.006","volume":"30","author":"GW Hanlon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hanlon GW (2007) Bacteriophages: an appraisal of their role in the treatment of bacterial infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 30:118\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.04.006","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"1517_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henriksen K et al. (2019) P. aeruginosa flow-cell biofilms are enhanced by repeated phage treatments but can be eradicated by phage-ciprofloxacin combination. Pathog Dis 77 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femspd\/ftz011","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftz011"},{"key":"1517_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00031-19","author":"JP Horcajada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Horcajada JP et al (2019) Epidemiology and treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00031-19","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"1517_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horikian A et al. (2024) High-risk clones of contaminate the drinking water networks of French cities. Npj Clean Water 7:35\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41545-024-00323-8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-024-00323-8"},{"key":"1517_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14241","volume":"126","author":"R Issa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Issa R et al (2019) Antibiofilm potential of purified environmental bacteriophage preparations against early stage Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. J Appl Microbiol 126:1657\u20131667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jam.14241","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jamal M et al. (2017) Isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage and its utilization against multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa-2995. Life Sci 190:21\u201328 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.09.034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.09.034"},{"key":"1517_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-016-1210-z","volume":"198","author":"J Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim J, Jo A, Ding T, Lee HY, Ahn J (2016) Assessment of altered binding specificity of bacteriophage for ciprofloxacin-induced antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium. Arch Microbiol 198:521\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-016-1210-z","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.01.005","volume":"22","author":"S Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim S, Lee DW, Jin JS, Kim J (2020) Antimicrobial activity of LysSS, a novel phage endolysin, against Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 22:32\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.01.005","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"1517_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2481178","volume":"17","author":"E Kurilovich","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kurilovich E, Geva-Zatorsky N (2025) Effects of bacteriophages on gut microbiome functionality. Gut Microbes 17:2481178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2025.2481178","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1517_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurt KC et al. (2025) Isolation and characterization of new lytic bacteriophage PSA-KC1 against isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.\u00a0Sci Rep\u00a015:6551\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-91073-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-91073-1"},{"key":"1517_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10070387","volume":"10","author":"E Kutter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kutter E, Bryan D, Ray G, Brewster E, Blasdel B, Guttman B (2018) From host to phage metabolism: hot tales of Phage T4\u2019s takeover of E. coli. Viruses 10:0387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v10070387","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"1517_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LaBauve AE, Wargo MJ (2012) Growth and laboratory maintenance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Curr Protoc Microbiol Chap.\u00a06:Unit 6E 1\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780471729259.mc06e01s25","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc06e01s25"},{"key":"1517_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2020.11.003","volume":"68","author":"BR Lenneman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lenneman BR, Fernbach J, Loessner MJ, Lu TK, Kilcher S (2021) Enhancing phage therapy through synthetic biology and genome engineering. Curr Opin Biotechnol 68:151\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copbio.2020.11.003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"1517_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W293","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","volume":"49","author":"I Letunic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Letunic I, Bork P (2021) Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 49:W293\u2013W296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1517_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim TP et al. (2011) Effective Antibiotics in Combination against Extreme Drug-Resistant with Decreased Susceptibility to Polymyxin B. Plos One 6:e28177\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0028177","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028177"},{"key":"1517_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D912","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1107","volume":"50","author":"B Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu B, Zheng D, Zhou S, Chen L, Yang J (2022) VFDB 2022: a general classification scheme for bacterial virulence factors. Nucleic Acids Res 50:D912\u2013D917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkab1107","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1517_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98910-z","volume":"11","author":"B Mallick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mallick B, Mondal P, Dutta M (2021) Morphological, biological, and genomic characterization of a newly isolated lytic phage Sfk20 infecting Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, and Shigella dysenteriae1. Sci Rep 11:19313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-98910-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1517_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00062-22","volume":"35","author":"L Marongiu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marongiu L, Burkard M, Lauer UM, Hoelzle LE, Venturelli S (2022) Reassessment of historical clinical trials supports the effectiveness of phage therapy. Clin Microbiol Rev 35:e0006222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00062-22","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"1517_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960000410","volume":"19","author":"G Maschmeyer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maschmeyer G, Braveny I (2000) Review of the incidence and prognosis of infections in cancer patients in the 1990s. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 19:915\u2013925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s100960000410","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1517_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48813","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-34436-x","volume":"31","author":"M Mecik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mecik M, Stefaniak K, Harnisz M, Korzeniewska E (2024) Hospital and municipal wastewater as a source of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the environment: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 31:48813\u201348838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-024-34436-x","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"1517_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miethke M et al. (2021) Towards the sustainable discovery and development of new antibiotics.\u00a0Nat Rev Chem\u00a05:726\u2013749\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41570-021-00313-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-021-00313-1"},{"key":"1517_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-025-02848-x","volume":"22","author":"AA Mohamed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohamed AA, El-Zayat EM, El-Shibiny A (2025) Efficacy of phage vB_Ps_ZCPS13 in controlling Pan-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and eradicating biofilms from urinary catheters. Virol J 22:236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-025-02848-x","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"1517_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-024-04168-0","volume":"206","author":"N Mohan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohan N, Bosco K, Peter A, Abhitha K, Bhat SG (2024) Bacteriophage entrapment strategies for the treatment of chronic wound infections: a comprehensive review. Arch Microbiol 206:443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-024-04168-0","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111268","volume":"12","author":"C Moraru","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moraru C, Varsani A, Kropinski AM (2020) VIRIDIC-a novel tool to calculate the intergenomic similarities of prokaryote-infecting viruses. Viruses Basel 12:ARTN 1268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v12111268","journal-title":"Viruses Basel"},{"key":"1517_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.8.1.13346","volume":"8","author":"M Naville","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naville M, Ghuillot-Gaudeffroy A, Marchais A, Gautheret D (2011) ARNold: a web tool for the prediction of Rho-independent transcription terminators. RNA Biol 8:11\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/rna.8.1.13346","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"1517_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nawaz A et al. (2023) Phage therapy as a revolutionary treatment for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: A narrative review. The Microbe 2 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microb.2023.100030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2023.100030"},{"key":"1517_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-00774-7","volume":"39","author":"S Nayfach","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nayfach S, Camargo AP, Schulz F, Eloe-Fadrosh E, Roux S, Kyrpides NC (2021) CheckV assesses the quality and completeness of metagenome-assembled viral genomes. Nat Biotechnol 39:578-#x0002B; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-020-00774-7","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"1517_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx157","volume":"33","author":"Y Nishimura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nishimura Y, Yoshida T, Kuronishi M, Uehara H, Ogata H, Goto S (2017) ViPTree: the viral proteomic tree server. Bioinformatics 33:2379\u20132380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx157","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"1517_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olawade DB et al. (2024) Phage therapy: A targeted approach to overcoming antibiotic resistance.\u00a0Micr Pathog\u00a0197:107088 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107088"},{"key":"1517_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-012423-110530","volume":"10","author":"A Orom\u00ed-Bosch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Orom\u00ed-Bosch A, Antani JD, Turner PE (2023) Developing phage therapy that overcomes the evolution of bacterial resistance. Annu Rev Virol 10:503\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-virology-012423-110530","journal-title":"Annu Rev Virol"},{"key":"1517_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa017","volume":"44","author":"DP Pires","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pires DP, Costa AR, Pinto G, Meneses L, Azeredo J (2020) Current challenges and future opportunities of phage therapy. FEMS Microbiol Rev 44:684\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"1517_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-014-1617-7","volume":"32","author":"JP Pirnay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pirnay JP et al (2015) Quality and safety requirements for sustainable phage therapy products. Pharm Res 32:2173\u20132179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11095-014-1617-7","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"1517_CR69","volume-title":"Continuous Processing in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing","author":"A Podgornik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Podgornik A, Jane\u017e N, Smrekar F, Peterka M (2014) Continuous Production of Bacteriophages. In: Subramanian G (ed) Continuous Processing in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. Wiley-VCH"},{"key":"1517_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106433","volume":"185","author":"MA Rather","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rather MA, Mandal M (2023) Attenuation of biofilm and quorum sensing regulated virulence factors of an opportunistic pathogen by phytofabricated silver nanoparticles. Microb Pathog 185:106433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106433","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"1517_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15639","volume":"133","author":"N Rathor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rathor N, Thakur CK, Das BK, Chaudhry R (2022) An insight into the therapeutic potential of a novel lytic Pseudomonas phage isolated from the river Ganga. J Appl Microbiol 133:1353\u20131362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jam.15639","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi E et al. (2021) Pseudomonas aeruginosa adaptation and evolution in patients with cystic fibrosis.\u00a0Nat Rev Microbiol\u00a019:331\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-020-00477-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00477-5"},{"key":"1517_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anres.2018.08.002","volume":"52","author":"V Sampath","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sampath V (2018) Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide; structure, function and its role in immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates. Agric Nat Resour 52:115\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anres.2018.08.002","journal-title":"Agric Nat Resour"},{"key":"1517_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13060523","volume":"13","author":"G Santamar\u00eda-Corral","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santamar\u00eda-Corral G, Pag\u00e1n I, Aguilera-Correa JJ, Esteban J, Garc\u00eda-Quintanilla M (2024) A novel bacteriophage infecting multi-drug- and extended-drug-resistant strains. Antibiotics Basel 13:ARTN 523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics13060523","journal-title":"Antibiotics Basel"},{"key":"1517_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sati H, Carrara E, Savoldi A, Hansen P, Garlasco J, Campagnaro E, Boccia S, Castillo-Polo JA, Magrini E, Garcia-Vello P, Wool E (2025) The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: a prioritisation study to guide research, development, and public health strategies against antimicrobial resistance. The Lancet infectious diseases 25(9):1033-43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00118-5"},{"key":"1517_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","volume":"9","author":"CA Schneider","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW (2012) NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat Methods 9:671\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2089","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"1517_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selezska K et al. (2012) Pseudomonas aeruginosa population structure revisited under environmental focus: impact of water quality and phage pressure. Environ Microbiol 14:1952\u20131967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2012.02719.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2012.02719.x"},{"key":"1517_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaburova OV et al. (2009) Search for destruction factors of bacterial biofilms: comparison of phage properties in a group of Pseudomonas putida bacteriophages and specificity of their halo-formation products. Genetika 45:185\u2013195","DOI":"10.1134\/S1022795409020057"},{"key":"1517_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh A, Tanwar M, Singh T, Sharma S, Sharma P (2024) An escape from ESKAPE pathogens: A comprehensive review on current and emerging therapeutics against antibiotic resistance. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules:135253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.135253"},{"key":"1517_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sivakumar L et al. (2025) Isolation and identification of bacteriophage against ATCC 25922 and their biofilm Inhibition studies. Scientific Reports 15:26964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-12366-z","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12366-z"},{"key":"1517_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2001.110367","volume":"29","author":"F Sorvillo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sorvillo F, Beall G, Turner PA, Beer VL, Kovacs AA, Kerndt PR (2001) Incidence and determinants of infection among persons with HIV:: association with hospital exposure. Am J Infect Control 29:79\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mic.2001.110367","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"1517_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00980-21","volume":"87","author":"E Stachler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stachler E, Kull A, Julian TR (2021) Bacteriophage treatment before chemical disinfection can enhance removal of plastic-surface-associated. Appl Environ Microbiol 87:ARTN e00980-21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.00980-21","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"1517_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201000071","volume":"33","author":"A Stern","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stern A, Sorek R (2011) The phage-host arms race: shaping the evolution of microbes. Bioessays 33:43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.201000071","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"1517_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34020-7","volume":"8","author":"D Subedi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Subedi D, Kumarvijay A, Kohli GS, Rice SA, Willcox M (2018) Comparative genomics of clinical strains of strains isolated from different geographic sites. Sci Rep 8:ARTN 15668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-34020-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1517_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02071-21","volume":"66","author":"GA Suh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suh GA et al (2022) Considerations for the use of phage therapy in clinical practice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 66:ARTN e02071-21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.02071-21","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1517_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su J et al. (2025) Characterization of a novel lytic phage vB_AbaM_AB4P2 encoding depolymerase and its application in eliminating biofilms formed by Acinetobacter baumannii. BMC Microbiol 25:123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03854-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03854-3"},{"key":"1517_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","volume":"38","author":"K Tamura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S (2021) MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Mol Biol Evol 38:3022\u20133027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"1517_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teney C et al. (2024) Phage Therapy in a Burn Patient Colonized with Extensively Drug-Resistant Responsible for Relapsing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Bacteriemia. Viruses-Basel 16:1080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v16071080","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071080"},{"key":"1517_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228671","author":"MTT Thi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thi MTT, Wibowo D, Rehm BHA (2020) Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21228671","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1517_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004518","volume":"10","author":"KH Turner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Turner KH, Everett J, Trivedi U, Rumbaugh KP, Whiteley M (2014) Requirements for acute burn and chronic surgical wound infection. PLoS Genet 10:ARTN e1004518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004518","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"1517_CR28","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services C (2022) CDC. COVID-19: U.S. Impact on Antimicrobial Resistance, Special Report 2022. In, Atlanta, GA: United States"},{"key":"1517_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2014.11.019","volume":"89","author":"J Walker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walker J, Moore G (2015) Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital water systems: biofilms, guidelines, and practicalities. J Hosp Infect 89:324\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2014.11.019","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"1517_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbab385","volume":"23","author":"RH Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang RH, Zhang XLL, Wang JP, Li SC (2022) DeepHost: phage host prediction with convolutional neural network. Brief Bioinform 23:ARTN bbab385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbab385","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"1517_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X et al. (2023) Isolation and Characterization of Viruses with Therapeutic Potential. Microbiology Spectrum 11:e04636-22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.04636-22","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04636-22"},{"key":"1517_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199125","volume":"331","author":"B Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei B, Cong C, Zheng L, Chen L, Yan X (2023) Isolation, characterization and whole genome analysis of the novel genus Lederbergvirus, phage vB_EcoP_E212 infecting enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Virus Res 331:199125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199125","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"1517_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(03)00262-5","volume":"227","author":"RJ Weld","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weld RJ, Butts C, Heinemann JA (2004) Models of phage growth and their applicability to phage therapy. J Theor Biol 227:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5193(03)00262-5","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"1517_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang XH et al. (2025) A new type of phage with potential as a natural food additive for eradicating biofilms and combating multidrug-resistant strains. Food Control 168:110888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110888"},{"key":"1517_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon SS et al. (2002) Pseudomonas aeruginosa anaerobic respiration in biofilms:: Relationships to cystic fibrosis pathogenesis. Developmental Cell 3:593\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1534-5807(02)00295-2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(02)00295-2"},{"key":"1517_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan YY et al. (2019) Isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage and its potential to disrupt multi-drug resistant biofilms.\u00a0Micr Pathog 128:329\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.01.032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.01.032"},{"key":"1517_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-020-01673-5","volume":"21","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ghosh D (2020) The stabilizing excipients in dry state therapeutic phage formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 21:133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-020-01673-5","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"}],"container-title":["Folia Microbiologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12223-026-01517-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12223-026-01517-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12223-026-01517-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T08:01:06Z","timestamp":1780041666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12223-026-01517-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["1517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12223-026-01517-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-5632","1874-9356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-5632","type":"print"},{"value":"1874-9356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}