{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:47:10Z","timestamp":1790862430971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virol. Sin."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-021-00442-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T09:02:58Z","timestamp":1630918978000},"page":"1503-1519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Japanese Encephalitis Virus NS2B-3 Protein Complex Promotes Cell Apoptosis and Viral Particle Release by Down-Regulating the Expression of AXL"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Shengda","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenjie","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingmiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhui","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongtong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0816-8030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruibing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"442_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0002934","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002934","volume":"8","author":"S Aguirre","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aguirre S, Maestre AM, Pagni S, Patel JR, Savage T, Gutman D, Maringer K, Bernal-Rubio D, Shabman RS, Simon V, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, Mulder LC, Barber GN, Fernandez-Sesma A (2012) DENV inhibits type I IFN production in infected cells by cleaving human STING. PLoS Pathog 8:e0002934","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"442_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0450-6","volume":"13","author":"MR Anderson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anderson MR, Kashanchi F, Jacobson S (2016) Exosomes in viral disease. Neurotherapeutics 13:535\u2013546","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"442_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00719","volume":"118","author":"NJ Barrows","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barrows NJ, Campos RK, Liao KC, Prasanth KR, Soto-Acosta R, Yeh SC, Schott-Lerner G, Pompon J, Sessions OM, Bradrick SS, Garcia-Blanco MA (2018) Biochemistry and molecular biology of flaviviruses. Chem Rev 118:4448\u20134482","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"442_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.005","volume":"14","author":"S Bhattacharyya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya S, Zagorska A, Lew ED, Shrestha B, Rothlin CV, Naughton J, Diamond MS, Lemke G, Young JA (2013) Enveloped viruses disable innate immune responses in dendritic cells by direct activation of TAM receptors. Cell Host Microbe 14:136\u2013147","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"442_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2004.03.006","volume":"29","author":"DP Brazil","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brazil DP, Yang ZZ, Hemmings BA (2004) Advances in protein kinase B signalling: AKTion on multiple fronts. Trends Biochem Sci 29:233\u2013242","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"442_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.085233","volume":"89","author":"GL Campbell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Campbell GL, Hills SL, Fischer M, Jacobson JA, Hoke CH, Hombach JM, Marfin AA, Solomon T, Tsai TF, Tsu VD, Ginsburg AS (2011) Estimated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 89:766\u2013774","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"442_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.3390\/v12101200","volume":"12","author":"A Caobi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caobi A, Nair M, Raymond AD (2020) Extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of viral infections in humans. Viruses 12:1200","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"442_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.01.032","volume":"160","author":"YH Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen YH, Du W, Hagemeijer MC, Takvorian PM, Pau C, Cali A, Brantner CA, Stempinski ES, Connelly PS, Ma HC, Jiang P, Wimmer E, Altan-Bonnet G, Altan-Bonnet N (2015) Phosphatidylserine vesicles enable efficient en bloc transmission of enteroviruses. Cell 160:619\u2013630","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"442_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3390\/v9100291","volume":"9","author":"S Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen S, Wu Z, Wang M, Cheng A (2017) Innate immune evasion mediated by flaviviridae non-structural proteins. Viruses 9:291","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"442_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-017-0092-4","volume":"3","author":"J Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen J, Yang YF, Yang Y, Zou P, Chen J, He Y, Shui SL, Cui YR, Bai R, Liang YJ, Hu Y, Jiang B, Lu L, Zhang X, Liu J, Xu J (2018) AXL promotes Zika virus infection in astrocytes by antagonizing type I interferon signalling. Nat Microbiol 3:302\u2013309","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"442_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6310","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803406115","volume":"115","author":"Q Ding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ding Q, Gaska JM, Douam F, Wei L, Kim D, Balev M, Heller B, Ploss A (2018) Species-specific disruption of STING-dependent antiviral cellular defenses by the Zika virus NS2B3 protease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:E6310\u2013E6318","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"442_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007992","volume":"15","author":"YC Fan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fan YC, Liang JJ, Chen JM, Lin JW, Chen YY, Su KH, Lin CC, Tu WC, Chiou MT, Ou SC, Chang GJ, Lin YL, Chiou SS (2019) NS2B\/NS3 mutations enhance the infectivity of genotype I Japanese encephalitis virus in amplifying hosts. PLoS Pathog 15:e1007992","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"442_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8030111","volume":"8","author":"L Filgueira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Filgueira L, Lannes N (2019) Review of emerging Japanese encephalitis virus: new aspects and concepts about entry into the brain and inter-cellular spreading. Pathogens 8:111","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"442_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3390\/v11010025","volume":"11","author":"TB Gordon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gordon TB, Hayward JA, Marsh GA, Baker ML, Tachedjian G (2019) Host and viral proteins modulating ebola and marburg virus egress. Viruses 11:25","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"442_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8880","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00354-15","volume":"89","author":"R Hamel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hamel R, Dejarnac O, Wichit S, Ekchariyawat P, Neyret A, Luplertlop N, Perera-Lecoin M, Surasombatpattana P, Talignani L, Thomas F, Cao-Lormeau VM, Choumet V, Briant L, Despres P, Amara A, Yssel H, Misse D (2015) Biology of Zika virus infection in human skin cells. J Virol 89:8880\u20138896","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"442_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.03.058","volume":"19","author":"AK Hastings","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hastings AK, Yockey LJ, Jagger BW, Hwang J, Uraki R, Gaitsch HF, Parnell LA, Cao B, Mysorekar IU, Rothlin CV, Fikrig E, Diamond MS, Iwasaki A (2017) TAM receptors are not required for Zika virus infection in mice. Cell Rep 19:558\u2013568","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"442_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.03.003","volume":"13","author":"AK Hastings","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hastings AK, Hastings K, Uraki R, Hwang J, Gaitsch H, Dhaliwal K, Williamson E, Fikrig E (2019) Loss of the TAM receptor Axl ameliorates severe zika virus pathogenesis and reduces apoptosis in microglia. iScience 13:339\u2013350","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"442_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23899-x","volume":"8","author":"A Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar A, Jovel J, Lopez-Orozco J, Limonta D, Airo AM, Hou S, Stryapunina I, Fibke C, Moore RB, Hobman TC (2018) Human Sertoli cells support high levels of Zika virus replication and persistence. Sci Rep 8:5477","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"442_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-019-0377-8","volume":"17","author":"M Lauter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lauter M, Weber A, Torka R (2019) Targeting of the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase by small molecule inhibitor leads to AXL cell surface accumulation by impairing the ubiquitin-dependent receptor degradation. Cell Commun Signal 17:59","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"442_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag2419","volume":"353","author":"J Lei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lei J, Hansen G, Nitsche C, Klein CD, Zhang L, Hilgenfeld R (2016) Crystal structure of Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease in complex with a boronate inhibitor. Science 353:503\u2013505","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"442_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a009076","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a009076","volume":"5","author":"G Lemke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lemke G (2013) Biology of the TAM receptors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5:a009076","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"442_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0167-y","volume":"19","author":"G Lemke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lemke G (2019) How macrophages deal with death. Nat Rev Immunol 19:539\u2013549","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"442_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2303","volume":"8","author":"G Lemke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lemke G, Rothlin CV (2008) Immunobiology of the TAM receptors. Nat Rev Immunol 8:327\u2013336","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"442_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1265192","volume":"13","author":"NJ Lennemann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lennemann NJ, Coyne CB (2017) Dengue and Zika viruses subvert reticulophagy by NS2B3-mediated cleavage of FAM134B. Autophagy 13:322\u2013332","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"442_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3699","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404851111","volume":"111","author":"M Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li M, Ablan SD, Miao C, Zheng YM, Fuller MS, Rennert PD, Maury W, Johnson MC, Freed EO, Liu SL (2014) TIM-family proteins inhibit HIV-1 release. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111:E3699\u2013E3707","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"442_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5705","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1819475116","volume":"116","author":"M Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li M, Waheed AA, Yu J, Zeng C, Chen HY, Zheng YM, Feizpour A, Reinhard BM, Gummuluru S, Lin S, Freed EO, Liu SL (2019) TIM-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 release is antagonized by Nef but potentiated by SERINC proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116:5705\u20135714","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"442_CR27","first-page":"982","volume":"44","author":"M Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li M, Ye J, Zhao G, Hong G, Hu X, Cao K, Wu Y, Lu Z (2019) Gas6 attenuates lipopolysaccharideinduced TNFalpha expression and apoptosis in H9C2 cells through NFkappaB and MAPK inhibition via the Axl\/PI3K\/Akt pathway. Int J Mol Med 44:982\u2013994","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"442_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9929","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900260R","volume":"33","author":"W Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li W, Li N, Dai S, Hou G, Guo K, Chen X, Yi C, Liu W, Deng F, Wu Y, Cao X (2019) Zika virus circumvents host innate immunity by targeting the adaptor proteins MAVS and MITA. FASEB J 33:9929\u20139944","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"442_CR29","first-page":"e02234","volume":"91","author":"H Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu H, Zhang L, Sun J, Chen W, Li S, Wang Q, Yu H, Xia Z, Jin X, Wang C (2017) Endoplasmic reticulum protein SCAP inhibits dengue virus NS2B3 protease by suppressing its K27-linked polyubiquitylation. J Virol 91:e02234-e2316","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"442_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.3390\/v4112736","volume":"4","author":"T Martins Sde","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martins Sde T, Silveira GF, Alves LR, Duarte dos Santos CN, Bordignon J (2012) Dendritic cell apoptosis and the pathogenesis of dengue. Viruses 4:2736\u20132753","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"442_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.08.009","volume":"12","author":"L Meertens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meertens L, Carnec X, Lecoin MP, Ramdasi R, Guivel-Benhassine F, Lew E, Lemke G, Schwartz O, Amara A (2012) The TIM and TAM families of phosphatidylserine receptors mediate dengue virus entry. Cell Host Microbe 12:544\u2013557","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"442_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.03.012","volume":"9","author":"K Morizono","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morizono K, Xie Y, Olafsen T, Lee B, Dasgupta A, Wu AM, Chen IS (2011) The soluble serum protein Gas6 bridges virion envelope phosphatidylserine to the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase Axl to mediate viral entry. Cell Host Microbe 9:286\u2013298","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"442_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3390\/v4030397","volume":"4","author":"J Morrison","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morrison J, Aguirre S, Fernandez-Sesma A (2012) Innate immunity evasion by Dengue virus. Viruses 4:397\u2013413","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"442_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.170","volume":"16","author":"CJ Neufeldt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neufeldt CJ, Cortese M, Acosta EG, Bartenschlager R (2018) Rewiring cellular networks by members of the Flaviviridae family. Nat Rev Microbiol 16:125\u2013142","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"442_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3390\/v9090243","volume":"9","author":"T Okamoto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okamoto T, Suzuki T, Kusakabe S, Tokunaga M, Hirano J, Miyata Y, Matsuura Y (2017) Regulation of apoptosis during flavivirus infection. Viruses 9:243","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"442_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14408","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618029113","volume":"113","author":"H Retallack","year":"2016","unstructured":"Retallack H, Di Lullo E, Arias C, Knopp KA, Laurie MT, Sandoval-Espinosa C, Mancia Leon WR, Krencik R, Ullian EM, Spatazza J, Pollen AA, Mandel-Brehm C, Nowakowski TJ, Kriegstein AR, DeRisi JL (2016) Zika virus cell tropism in the developing human brain and inhibition by azithromycin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:14408\u201314413","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"442_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1620558114","volume":"114","author":"AS Richard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Richard AS, Shim BS, Kwon YC, Zhang R, Otsuka Y, Schmitt K, Berri F, Diamond MS, Choe H (2017) AXL-dependent infection of human fetal endothelial cells distinguishes Zika virus from other pathogenic flaviviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114:2024\u20132029","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"442_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9760","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01051-10","volume":"84","author":"JR Rodriguez-Madoz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Madoz JR, Belicha-Villanueva A, Bernal-Rubio D, Ashour J, Ayllon J, Fernandez-Sesma A (2010) Inhibition of the type I interferon response in human dendritic cells by dengue virus infection requires a catalytically active NS2B3 complex. J Virol 84:9760\u20139774","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"442_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.034","volume":"131","author":"CV Rothlin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rothlin CV, Ghosh S, Zuniga EI, Oldstone MB, Lemke G (2007) TAM receptors are pleiotropic inhibitors of the innate immune response. Cell 131:1124\u20131136","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"442_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112103","volume":"33","author":"CV Rothlin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rothlin CV, Carrera-Silva EA, Bosurgi L, Ghosh S (2015) TAM receptor signaling in immune homeostasis. Annu Rev Immunol 33:355\u2013391","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"442_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02311-06","volume":"81","author":"MA Samuel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Samuel MA, Morrey JD, Diamond MS (2007) Caspase 3-dependent cell death of neurons contributes to the pathogenesis of West Nile virus encephalitis. J Virol 81:2614\u20132623","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"442_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.06.028","volume":"16","author":"G Savidis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Savidis G, McDougall WM, Meraner P, Perreira JM, Portmann JM, Trincucci G, John SP, Aker AM, Renzette N, Robbins DR, Guo Z, Green S, Kowalik TF, Brass AL (2016) Identification of Zika virus and dengue virus dependency factors using functional genomics. Cell Rep 16:232\u2013246","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"442_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4387","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.9.4387-4393.2000","volume":"74","author":"C Servet-Delprat","year":"2000","unstructured":"Servet-Delprat C, Vidalain PO, Azocar O, Le Deist F, Fischer A, Rabourdin-Combe C (2000) Consequences of Fas-mediated human dendritic cell apoptosis induced by measles virus. J Virol 74:4387\u20134393","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"442_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0210-3","volume":"19","author":"JL Slon Campos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Slon Campos JL, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR (2018) The immune response against flaviviruses. Nat Immunol 19:1189\u20131198","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"442_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp058263","volume":"355","author":"T Solomon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Solomon T (2006) Control of Japanese encephalitis\u2013within our grasp? N Engl J Med 355:869\u2013871","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"442_CR46","first-page":"e01372-19","volume":"10","author":"DP Strange","year":"2019","unstructured":"Strange DP, Jiyarom B, Pourhabibi Zarandi N, Xie X, Baker C, Sadri-Ardekani H, Shi PY, Verma S (2019) Axl promotes zika virus entry and modulates the antiviral state of human sertoli cells. Bio 10:e01372-19","journal-title":"Bio"},{"key":"442_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.07.002","volume":"20","author":"T Tabata","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tabata T, Petitt M, Puerta-Guardo H, Michlmayr D, Wang C, Fang-Hoover J, Harris E, Pereira L (2016) Zika virus targets different primary human placental cells, suggesting two routes for vertical transmission. Cell Host Microbe 20:155\u2013166","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"442_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.09.013","volume":"36","author":"J Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang J, Li X, Gu J, Fan Y, Zhao P, Cao R, Chen P (2015) The A66G back mutation in NS2A of JEV SA14-14-2 strain contributes to production of NS1\u2019 protein and the secreted NS1\u2019 can be used for diagnostic biomarker for virulent virus infection. Infect Genet Evol 36:116\u2013125","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"442_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000886","volume":"98","author":"ZY Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang ZY, Wang Z, Zhen ZD, Feng KH, Guo J, Gao N, Fan DY, Han DS, Wang PG, An J (2017) Axl is not an indispensable factor for Zika virus infection in mice. J Gen Virol 98:2061\u20132068","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"442_CR50","first-page":"e00602","volume":"94","author":"ZY Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang ZY, Zhen ZD, Fan DY, Qin CF, Han DS, Zhou HN, Wang PG, An J (2020) Axl deficiency promotes the neuroinvasion of Japanese encephalitis virus by enhancing IL-1alpha production from pyroptotic macrophages. J Virol 94:e00602-e620","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"442_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.11.011","volume":"19","author":"MF Wells","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wells MF, Salick MR, Wiskow O, Ho DJ, Worringer KA, Ihry RJ, Kommineni S, Bilican B, Klim JR, Hill EJ, Kane LT, Ye C, Kaykas A, Eggan K (2016) GeneticAblation of AXL does not protect human neural progenitor cells and cerebral organoids from Zika Virus infection. Cell Stem Cell 19:703\u2013708","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"442_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17006","DOI":"10.1038\/celldisc.2017.6","volume":"3","author":"Y Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu Y, Liu Q, Zhou J, Xie W, Chen C, Wang Z, Yang H, Cui J (2017) Zika virus evades interferon-mediated antiviral response through the co-operation of multiple nonstructural proteins in vitro. Cell Discov 3:17006","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"442_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.197793","volume":"275","author":"H Xing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xing H, Xu S, Jia F, Yang Y, Xu C, Qin C, Shi L (2020) Zika NS2B is a crucial factor recruiting NS3 to the ER and activating its protease activity. Virus Res 275:197793","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"442_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.03.007","volume":"143","author":"TC Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang TC, Shiu SL, Chuang PH, Lin YJ, Wan L, Lan YC, Lin CW (2009) Japanese encephalitis virus NS2B-NS3 protease induces caspase 3 activation and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human medulloblastoma cells. Virus Res 143:77\u201385","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"442_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006764","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006764","volume":"14","author":"W Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou W, Woodson M, Neupane B, Bai F, Sherman MB, Choi KH, Neelakanta G, Sultana H (2018) Exosomes serve as novel modes of tick-borne flavivirus transmission from arthropod to human cells and facilitates dissemination of viral RNA and proteins to the vertebrate neuronal cells. PLoS Pathog 14:e1006764","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"442_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1578188","volume":"8","author":"W Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou W, Woodson M, Sherman MB, Neelakanta G, Sultana H (2019) Exosomes mediate Zika virus transmission through SMPD3 neutral Sphingomyelinase in cortical neurons. Emerg Microbes Infect 8:307\u2013326","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"442_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200662","volume":"189","author":"G Zizzo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zizzo G, Hilliard BA, Monestier M, Cohen PL (2012) Efficient clearance of early apoptotic cells by human macrophages requires M2c polarization and MerTK induction. J Immunol 189:3508\u20133520","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Virologica Sinica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12250-021-00442-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12250-021-00442-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12250-021-00442-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T01:40:07Z","timestamp":1641260407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12250-021-00442-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12250-021-00442-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-0769","1995-820X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-0769","type":"print"},{"value":"1995-820X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The isolation experiments of primary peritoneal macrophages cells were conducted under the guidelines of the regional Animal Ethics Committee and the rules for experimental animals of Nanjing Agricultural University.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Animal and Human Rights Statement"}}]}}