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Bull."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychiatric comorbidity is common in symptom-based diagnoses like autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention\/deficit hyper-activity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, these co-occurring symptoms mediated by shared and\/or distinct neural mechanisms are difficult to profile at the individual level. Capitalizing on unsupervised machine learning with a hierarchical Bayesian framework, we derived latent disease factors from resting-state functional connectivity data in a hybrid cohort of ASD and ADHD and delineated individual associations with dimensional symptoms based on canonical correlation analysis. Models based on the same factors generalized to previously unseen individuals in a subclinical cohort and one local OCD database with a subset of patients undergoing neurosurgical intervention. Four factors, identified as variably co-expressed in each patient, were significantly correlated with distinct symptom domains (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u20130.26\u20130.53, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05): behavioral regulation (Factor-1), communication (Factor-2), anxiety (Factor-3), adaptive behaviors (Factor-4). Moreover, we demonstrated Factor-1 expressed in patients with OCD and Factor-3 expressed in participants with anxiety, at the degree to which factor expression was significantly predictive of individual symptom scores (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.18\u20130.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Importantly, peri-intervention changes in Factor-1 of OCD were associated with variable treatment outcomes (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.39, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Our results indicate that these data-derived latent disease factors quantify individual factor expression to inform dimensional symptom and treatment outcomes across cohorts, which may promote quantitative psychiatric diagnosis and personalized intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-024-01224-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T14:02:11Z","timestamp":1717682531000},"page":"1667-1680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantitative Expression of Latent Disease Factors in Individuals Associated with Psychopathology Dimensions and Treatment Response"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Shaoling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0543-8071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heqiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meiyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7138-8581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1224_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2218","volume":"8","author":"SE Hyman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hyman SE. 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