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There was evidence of cytotoxic edema in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. There was a global decrease in connectivity and an increase in gliosis in the thalamus, cerebellum, and hippocampus. This study shows a sequelae of neuropathology caused by mild repetitive head injury that is commonly observed in clinical practice using MRI in patients. As such, it may serve as a model for testing the efficacy of new therapeutics using any or all of the measures as biomarkers to assess drug efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-025-01438-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T08:13:28Z","timestamp":1751184808000},"page":"1603-1616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Mild Repetitive Head Injury in Awake Rats: Modeling the Human Experience and Clinical Condition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Bens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Leaston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemarie","family":"Hightower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Prom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"O\u2019Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eno","family":"Ebong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9744-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig F.","family":"Ferris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1438_CR1","unstructured":"Peterson AB, Xu L, Daugherty J, Breiding M. 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