{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:44:45Z","timestamp":1788975885092,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosci. Bull."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This review highlights advances in inner ear organoids (IEOs) as a novel platform for drug screening and disease modeling, particularly for hearing loss. IEOs, derived from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tissue-specific progenitors, provide a physiologically relevant alternative to traditional animal models. Significant progress has been made in utilizing various cell sources, extracellular matrix materials such as Matrigel and hydrogels, and methods for controlling microenvironments through biochemical and biophysical signals. Applications of IEOs in drug screening, disease modeling, and personalized medicine enable exploration of hearing loss mechanisms and therapeutic testing. However, challenges remain, including the incomplete maturation of cochlear cells and difficulty replicating\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    environments. Future research should focus on optimizing IEO generation, incorporating microfluidic technologies, and advancing high-throughput screening to enhance drug discovery and clinical translation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-025-01479-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:57:16Z","timestamp":1761008236000},"page":"221-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inner Ear Organoids: A Hydrogel-Based Platform for Drug Screening and Deafness Modeling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Yuyu","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3885-543X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renjie","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6409-4366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuhong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1479_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00380","volume":"9","author":"EV Romanova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Romanova EV, Sweedler JV. Animal model systems in neuroscience. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018, 9: 1869\u20131870.","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"1479_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2021.08.010","volume":"27","author":"LH Chi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chi LH, Burrows AD, Anderson RL. Can preclinical drug development help to predict adverse events in clinical trials? Drug Discov Today 2022, 27: 257\u2013268.","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"1479_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-022-00466-9","volume":"23","author":"DE Ingber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ingber DE. Human organs-on-chips for disease modelling, drug development and personalized medicine. Nat Rev Genet 2022, 23: 467\u2013491.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"1479_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00775-w","volume":"12","author":"E Suarez-Martinez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suarez-Martinez E, Suazo-Sanchez I, Celis-Romero M, Carnero A. 3D and organoid culture in research: Physiology, hereditary genetic diseases and cancer. Cell Biosci 2022, 12: 39.","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"1479_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-023-01367-x","volume":"72","author":"M Diensthuber","year":"2024","unstructured":"Diensthuber M, St\u00f6ver T. Organoids-the key to novel therapies for the inner ear? HNO 2024, 72: 83\u201388.","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"1479_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.347","volume":"9","author":"C Kyrousi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kyrousi C, Cappello S. Using brain organoids to study human neurodevelopment, evolution and disease. Wires Dev Biol 2020, 9: e347.","journal-title":"Wires Dev Biol"},{"key":"1479_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07935","volume":"459","author":"T Sato","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sato T, Vries RG, Snippert HJ, van de Wetering M, Barker N, Stange DE, et al. Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche. Nature 2009, 459: 262\u2013265.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1479_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26052","volume":"233","author":"ET Verjans","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verjans ET, Doijen J, Luyten W, Landuyt B, Schoofs L. Three-dimensional cell culture models for anticancer drug screening: Worth the effort? J Cell Physiol 2018, 233: 2993\u20133003.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1479_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2022.07.004","volume":"88","author":"QP Martins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martins QP, Gindri BFS, Valim CD, Ferreira L, Patatt FSA. Hearing and language development in children with brainstem implants: A systematic review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2022, 88: S225\u2013S234.","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1479_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa429","volume":"144","author":"JCS Johnson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnson JCS, Marshall CR, Weil RS, Bamiou DE, Hardy CJD, Warren JD. Hearing and dementia: From ears to brain. Brain 2021, 144: 391\u2013401.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1479_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-019-01963-6","volume":"57","author":"M Russo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Russo M, Stella M, Sikora M, \u0160ari\u0107 M. Cochlea-inspired speech recognition interface. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019, 57: 1393\u20131403.","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"1479_CR12","first-page":"25","volume":"9","author":"S Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang S, Qiang R, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhou H, et al. Hair cell regeneration from inner ear progenitors in the mammalian cochlea. Am J Stem Cells 2020, 9: 25\u201335.","journal-title":"Am J Stem Cells"},{"key":"1479_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00053.2017","volume":"98","author":"J Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang J, Puel JL. Toward cochlear therapies. Physiol Rev 2018, 98: 2477\u20132522.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"1479_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP90025","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.90025","volume":"12","author":"G Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang G, Gu Y, Liu Z. Deciphering the genetic interactions between Pou4f3, Gfi1, and Rbm24 in maintaining mouse cochlear hair cell survival. Elife 2024, 12: RP90025.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"1479_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.06.006","volume":"30","author":"ST Moore","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moore ST, Nakamura T, Nie J, Solivais AJ, Aristiz\u00e1bal-Ram\u00edrez I, Ueda Y, et al. Generating high-fidelity cochlear organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2023, 30: 950-961.e7.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"1479_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3840","volume":"35","author":"KR Koehler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koehler KR, Nie J, Longworth-Mills E, Liu XP, Lee J, Holt JR, et al. Generation of inner ear organoids containing functional hair cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2017, 35: 583\u2013589.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"1479_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2022.11.024","volume":"18","author":"M Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia M, Ma J, Wu M, Guo L, Chen Y, Li GL, et al. Generation of innervated cochlear organoid recapitulates early development of auditory unit. Stem Cell Rep 2023, 18: 319\u2013336.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"1479_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.01.066","volume":"18","author":"WJ McLean","year":"2017","unstructured":"McLean WJ, Yin X, Lu L, Lenz DR, McLean D, Langer R, et al. Clonal expansion of Lgr5-positive cells from mammalian cochlea and high-purity generation of sensory hair cells. Cell Rep 2017, 18: 1917\u20131929.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"1479_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.03.035","volume":"141","author":"K Oshima","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oshima K, Shin K, Diensthuber M, Peng AW, Ricci AJ, Heller S. Mechanosensitive hair cell-like cells from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell 2010, 141: 704\u2013716.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1479_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0967-1","volume":"9","author":"M Jeong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeong M, O\u2019Reilly M, Kirkwood NK, Al-Aama J, Lako M, Kros CJ, et al. Generating inner ear organoids containing putative cochlear hair cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2018, 9: 922.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"1479_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109069","volume":"27","author":"J Waldhaus","year":"2024","unstructured":"Waldhaus J, Jiang L, Liu L, Liu J, Duncan RK. Mapping the developmental potential of mouse inner ear organoids at single-cell resolution. iScience 2024, 27: 109069.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1479_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-00678-8","volume":"28","author":"WH van der Valk","year":"2021","unstructured":"van der Valk WH, Steinhart MR, Zhang J, Koehler KR. Building inner ears: Recent advances and future challenges for in vitro organoid systems. Cell Death Differ 2021, 28: 24\u201334.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"1479_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dev201865","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.201865","volume":"150","author":"D Doda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Doda D, Alonso Jimenez S, Rehrauer H, Carre\u00f1o JF, Valsamides V, Di Santo S, et al. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear organoids recapitulate otic development in vitro. Development 2023, 150: dev201865.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"1479_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.100","volume":"9","author":"KR Koehler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koehler KR, Hashino E. 3D mouse embryonic stem cell culture for generating inner ear organoids. Nat Protoc 2014, 9: 1229\u20131244.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"1479_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/7651_2015_215","volume":"1341","author":"E Longworth-Mills","year":"2016","unstructured":"Longworth-Mills E, Koehler KR, Hashino E. Generating inner ear organoids from mouse embryonic stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016, 1341: 391\u2013406.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"1479_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-006-0058-3","volume":"8","author":"K Oshima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oshima K, Grimm CM, Corrales CE, Senn P, Martinez Monedero R, G\u00e9l\u00e9oc GSG, et al. Differential distribution of stem cells in the auditory and vestibular organs of the inner ear. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2007, 8: 18\u201331.","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1479_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06334-7","volume":"9","author":"M Roccio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roccio M, Perny M, Ealy M, Widmer HR, Heller S, Senn P. Molecular characterization and prospective isolation of human fetal cochlear hair cell progenitors. Nat Commun 2018, 9: 4027.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1479_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dev177188","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.177188","volume":"146","author":"M Roccio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roccio M, Edge ASB. Inner ear organoids: New tools to understand neurosensory cell development, degeneration and regeneration. Development 2019, 146: dev177188.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"1479_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2020.04.008","volume":"14","author":"PC Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang PC, Hashino E, Nelson RF. Progress in modeling and targeting inner ear disorders with pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Rep 2020, 14: 996\u20131008.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"1479_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8167","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202774109","volume":"109","author":"R Chai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chai R, Kuo B, Wang T, Liaw EJ, Xia A, Jan TA, et al. Wnt signaling induces proliferation of sensory precursors in the postnatal mouse cochlea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012, 109: 8167\u20138172.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1479_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11826","volume":"494","author":"M Huch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huch M, Dorrell C, Boj SF, van Es JH, Li VSW, van de Wetering M, et al. In vitro expansion of single Lgr5+ liver stem cells induced by Wnt-driven regeneration. Nature 2013, 494: 247\u2013250.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1479_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3906","volume":"35","author":"MA Lancaster","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lancaster MA, Corsini NS, Wolfinger S, Hilary Gustafson E, Phillips AW, Burkard TR, et al. Guided self-organization and cortical plate formation in human brain organoids. Nat Biotechnol 2017, 35: 659\u2013666.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"1479_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415901112","volume":"112","author":"W Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li W, Wu J, Yang J, Sun S, Chai R, Chen ZY, et al. Notch inhibition induces mitotically generated hair cells in mammalian cochleae via activating the Wnt pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015, 112: 166\u2013171.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1479_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.62","volume":"27","author":"W Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen W, Johnson SL, Marcotti W, Andrews PW, Moore HD, Rivolta MN. Human fetal auditory stem cells can be expanded in vitro and differentiate into functional auditory neurons and hair cell-like cells. Stem Cells 2009, 27: 1196\u20131204.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"1479_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-024-00929-2","volume":"25","author":"G Pianigiani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pianigiani G, Roccio M. Inner ear organoids: Strengths and limitations. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2024, 25: 5\u201311.","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1479_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-022-00174-y","volume":"2","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Chen X, Dowbaj AM, Sljukic A, Bratlie K, Lin L, et al. Organoids. Nat Rev Methods Primers 2022, 2: 94.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Methods Primers"},{"key":"1479_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188905","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1188905","volume":"11","author":"Z Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu Z, Yang J, Xin X, Liu C, Li L, Mei X, et al. Merits and challenges of iPSC-derived organoids for clinical applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023, 11: 1188905.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"1479_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm3041146","volume":"3","author":"T Halevy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Halevy T, Urbach A. Comparing ESC and iPSC-based models for human genetic disorders. J Clin Med 2014, 3: 1146\u20131162.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1479_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059579","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1059579","volume":"10","author":"G Novelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Novelli G, Spitalieri P, Murdocca M, Centanini E, Sangiuolo F. Organoid factory: The recent role of the human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in precision medicine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023, 10: 1059579.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"1479_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17504","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17882-1","volume":"7","author":"HE Marei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marei HE, Althani A, Lashen S, Cenciarelli C, Hasan A. Genetically unmatched human iPSC and ESC exhibit equivalent gene expression and neuronal differentiation potential. Sci Rep 2017, 7: 17504.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1479_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.02.006","volume":"159","author":"J Nie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nie J, Hashino E. Generation of inner ear organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Methods Cell Biol 2020, 159: 303\u2013321.","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol"},{"key":"1479_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crtox.2024.100197","volume":"7","author":"E Heinzelmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heinzelmann E, Piraino F, Costa M, Roch A, Norkin M, Garnier V, et al. iPSC-derived and patient-derived organoids: Applications and challenges in scalability and reproducibility as pre-clinical models. Curr Res Toxicol 2024, 7: 100197.","journal-title":"Curr Res Toxicol"},{"key":"1479_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-021-02325-9","volume":"141","author":"DR Romano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Romano DR, Hashino E, Nelson RF. Deafness-in-a-dish: Modeling hereditary deafness with inner ear organoids. Hum Genet 2022, 141: 347\u2013362.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"1479_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-023-01130-w","volume":"40","author":"J Qi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qi J, Huang W, Lu Y, Yang X, Zhou Y, Chen T, et al. Stem cell-based hair cell regeneration and therapy in the inner ear. Neurosci Bull 2024, 40: 113\u2013126.","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"1479_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-020-0199-8","volume":"5","author":"EA Aisenbrey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aisenbrey EA, Murphy WL. Synthetic alternatives to matrigel. Nat Rev Mater 2020, 5: 539\u2013551.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mater"},{"key":"1479_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-017-0096","volume":"1","author":"EH Nguyen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nguyen EH, Daly WT, Le NNT, Farnoodian M, Belair DG, Schwartz MP, et al. Versatile synthetic alternatives to Matrigel for vascular toxicity screening and stem cell expansion. Nat Biomed Eng 2017, 1: 0096.","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"1479_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaw9021","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw9021","volume":"375","author":"N Gjorevski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gjorevski N, Nikolaev M, Brown TE, Mitrofanova O, Brandenberg N, DelRio FW, et al. Tissue geometry drives deterministic organoid patterning. Science 2022, 375: eaaw9021.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1479_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-062117-120954","volume":"20","author":"CM Madl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Madl CM, Heilshorn SC. Engineering hydrogel microenvironments to recapitulate the stem cell niche. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2018, 20: 21\u201347.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"1479_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1191035","volume":"329","author":"PM Gilbert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gilbert PM, Havenstrite KL, Magnusson KG, Sacco A, Leonardi NA, Kraft P, et al. Substrate elasticity regulates skeletal muscle stem cell self-renewal in culture. Science 2010, 329: 1078\u20131081.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1479_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1021\/ab500041d","volume":"1","author":"H Peng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peng H, Poovaiah N, Forrester M, Cochran E, Wang Q. Ex vivo culture of primary intestinal stem cells in collagen gels and foams. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015, 1: 37\u201342.","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"1479_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3175","volume":"38","author":"M Xia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xia M, Chen Y, He Y, Li H, Li W. Activation of the RhoA-YAP-\u03b2-catenin signaling axis promotes the expansion of inner ear progenitor cells in 3D culture. Stem Cells 2020, 38: 860\u2013874.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"1479_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20168","volume":"539","author":"N Gjorevski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gjorevski N, Sachs N, Manfrin A, Giger S, Bragina ME, Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez-Mor\u00e1n P, et al. Designer matrices for intestinal stem cell and organoid culture. Nature 2016, 539: 560\u2013564.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1479_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2612-2","volume":"584","author":"O Chaudhuri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaudhuri O, Cooper-White J, Janmey PA, Mooney DJ, Shenoy VB. Effects of extracellular matrix viscoelasticity on cellular behaviour. Nature 2020, 584: 535\u2013546.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1479_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202100096","volume":"34","author":"MJ Mosquera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mosquera MJ, Kim S, Bareja R, Fang Z, Cai S, Pan H, et al. Extracellular matrix in synthetic hydrogel-based prostate cancer organoids regulate therapeutic response to EZH2 and DRD2 inhibitors. Adv Mater 2022, 34: e2100096.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"1479_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-021-01085-1","volume":"21","author":"CR Below","year":"2022","unstructured":"Below CR, Kelly J, Brown A, Humphries JD, Hutton C, Xu J, et al. A microenvironment-inspired synthetic three-dimensional model for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma organoids. Nat Mater 2022, 21: 110\u2013119.","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"1479_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5658","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13605-4","volume":"10","author":"GG Giobbe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giobbe GG, Crowley C, Luni C, Campinoti S, Khedr M, Kretzschmar K, et al. Extracellular matrix hydrogel derived from decellularized tissues enables endodermal organoid culture. Nat Commun 2019, 10: 5658.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1479_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.03.064","volume":"31","author":"JW Nichol","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nichol JW, Koshy ST, Bae H, Hwang CM, Yamanlar S, Khademhosseini A. Cell-laden microengineered gelatin methacrylate hydrogels. Biomaterials 2010, 31: 5536\u20135544.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"1479_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3134","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c00299","volume":"9","author":"MP Sekar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sekar MP, Suresh S, Zennifer A, Sethuraman S, Sundaramurthi D. Hyaluronic acid as bioink and hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023, 9: 3134\u20133159.","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"1479_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf2664","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf2664","volume":"9","author":"M Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia M, Wu M, Li Y, Liu Y, Jia G, Lou Y, et al. Varying mechanical forces drive sensory epithelium formation. Sci Adv 2023, 9: eadf2664.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"1479_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18669","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c03857","volume":"17","author":"L Ou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ou L, Tan X, Qiao S, Wu J, Su Y, Xie W, et al. Graphene-based material-mediated immunomodulation in tissue engineering and regeneration: Mechanism and significance. ACS Nano 2023, 17: 18669\u201318687.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1479_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5573","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c00988","volume":"23","author":"S Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park S, Kim YJ, Sharma H, Kim D, Gwon Y, Kim W, et al. Graphene hybrid inner ear organoid with enhanced maturity. Nano Lett 2023, 23: 5573\u20135580.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"1479_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202203557","volume":"9","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Gao S, Hu YN, Chen X, Cheng C, Fu XL, et al. Ti3C2txMXene composite 3D hydrogel potentiates mTOR signaling to promote the generation of functional hair cells in cochlea organoids. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022, 9: e2203557.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"1479_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03268-3","volume":"36","author":"SY Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang SY, Lee MY. Photobiomodulation with a wavelength > 800 nm induces morphological changes in stem cells within otic organoids and scala media of the cochlea. Lasers Med Sci 2021, 36: 1917\u20131925.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"1479_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1602076","volume":"3","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhu C, Pfattner R, Yan H, Jin L, Chen S, et al. A highly stretchable, transparent, and conductive polymer. Sci Adv 2017, 3: e1602076.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"1479_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201601916","author":"L Han","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han L, Lu X, Wang M, Gan D, Deng W, Wang K, et al. A mussel-inspired conductive, self-adhesive, and self-healable tough hydrogel as cell stimulators and implantable bioelectronics. Small 2017, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.201601916.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"1479_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202309002","volume":"36","author":"Y Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu Y, Xing J, Zhang H, Pang X, Zhai Y, Cheng H, et al. Electroacoustic responsive cochlea-on-a-chip. Adv Mater 2024, 36: e2309002.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"1479_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201503380","volume":"22","author":"M Krogsgaard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krogsgaard M, Nue V, Birkedal H. Mussel-inspired materials: Self-healing through coordination chemistry. Chemistry 2016, 22: 844\u2013857.","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"1479_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201300761","volume":"35","author":"W Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang W, Yang FK, Pan Z, Zhang J, Zhao B. Bio-inspired dopamine functionalization of polypyrrole for improved adhesion and conductivity. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014, 35: 350\u2013354.","journal-title":"Macromol Rapid Commun"},{"key":"1479_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.022","volume":"121","author":"A Sadeghi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sadeghi A, Moztarzadeh F, Aghazadeh Mohandesi J. Investigating the effect of chitosan on hydrophilicity and bioactivity of conductive electrospun composite scaffold for neural tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2019, 121: 625\u2013632.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"1479_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22829","volume":"34","author":"M Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang M, Li Y, Wu K, Hao S, Cai Q, Zhou ZJ, et al. Effects of environmental chemicals on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Environ Toxicol 2019, 34: 1285\u20131291.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"1479_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.108","volume":"18","author":"KH Vining","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vining KH, Mooney DJ. Mechanical forces direct stem cell behaviour in development and regeneration. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017, 18: 728\u2013742.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"1479_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00020.2004","volume":"85","author":"CD McCaig","year":"2005","unstructured":"McCaig CD, Rajnicek AM, Song B, Zhao M. Controlling cell behavior electrically: Current views and future potential. Physiol Rev 2005, 85: 943\u2013978.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"1479_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201902042","volume":"31","author":"H Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu H, Wang Y, Cui K, Guo Y, Zhang X, Qin J. Advances in hydrogels in organoids and organs-on-a-chip. Adv Mater 2019, 31: e1902042.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"1479_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0051-9","volume":"19","author":"G Rossi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rossi G, Manfrin A, Lutolf MP. Progress and potential in organoid research. Nat Rev Genet 2018, 19: 671\u2013687.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"1479_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18124","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA02765C","volume":"9","author":"N Goonoo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goonoo N, Bhaw-Luximon A. Mimicking growth factors: Role of small molecule scaffold additives in promoting tissue regeneration and repair. RSC Adv 2019, 9: 18124\u201318146.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"1479_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2015.04.001","volume":"4","author":"R Siller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Siller R, Greenhough S, Naumovska E, Sullivan GJ. Small-molecule-driven hepatocyte differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Rep 2015, 4: 939\u2013952.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"1479_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2019.08.042","volume":"117","author":"F Gianoli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gianoli F, Risler T, Kozlov AS. The development of cooperative channels explains the maturation of hair cell\u2019s mechanotransduction. Biophys J 2019, 117: 1536\u20131548.","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"1479_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.11.013","volume":"175","author":"H Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu H, Gehart H, Artegiani B, L\u00f6pez-Iglesias C, Dekkers F, Basak O, et al. Long-term expansion of functional mouse and human hepatocytes as 3D organoids. Cell 2018, 175: 1591\u20131606.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1479_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.024166","volume":"137","author":"T Mammoto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mammoto T, Ingber DE. Mechanical control of tissue and organ development. Development 2010, 137: 1407\u20131420.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"1479_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.74512","volume":"10","author":"J Elferich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elferich J, Clark S, Ge J, Goehring A, Matsui A, Gouaux E. Molecular structures and conformations of protocadherin-15 and its complexes on stereocilia elucidated by cryo-electron tomography. Elife 2021, 10: e74512.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"1479_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2011.0221","volume":"18","author":"A Ribeiro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ribeiro A, Vargo S, Powell EM, Leach JB. Substrate three-dimensionality induces elemental morphological transformation of sensory neurons on a physiologic timescale. Tissue Eng Part A 2012, 18: 93\u2013102.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"1479_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2008.06.004","volume":"20","author":"U M\u00fcller","year":"2008","unstructured":"M\u00fcller U. Cadherins and mechanotransduction by hair cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2008, 20: 557\u2013566.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"1479_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.12.035","volume":"139","author":"R Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo R, Xiao M, Zhao W, Zhou S, Hu Y, Liao M, et al. 2D Ti3C2TxMXene couples electrical stimulation to promote proliferation and neural differentiation of neural stem cells. Acta Biomater 2022, 139: 105\u2013117.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"1479_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05300","volume":"444","author":"NC Spitzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer NC. Electrical activity in early neuronal development. Nature 2006, 444: 707\u2013712.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1479_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6735","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b01265","volume":"5","author":"R Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo R, Ma X, Liao M, Liu Y, Hu Y, Qian X, et al. Development and application of cochlear implant-based electric-acoustic stimulation of spiral ganglion neurons. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019, 5: 6735\u20136741.","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"1479_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16744","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c06306","volume":"16","author":"M Liao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liao M, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Wang K, Fang Q, Qi Y, et al. 3D Ti3C2Tx MXene-matrigel with electroacoustic stimulation to promote the growth of spiral ganglion neurons. ACS Nano 2022, 16: 16744\u201316756.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1479_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7793","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TB01029H","volume":"9","author":"R Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo R, Liao M, Ma X, Hu Y, Qian X, Xiao M, et al. Cochlear implant-based electric-acoustic stimulation modulates neural stem cell-derived neural regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2021, 9: 7793\u20137804.","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"1479_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szab023","volume":"11","author":"S Kurihara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kurihara S, Fujioka M, Hirabayashi M, Yoshida T, Hosoya M, Nagase M, et al. Otic organoids containing spiral ganglion neuron-like cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells as a model of drug-induced neuropathy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022, 11: 282\u2013296.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"1479_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.103036","volume":"141","author":"BC Cox","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cox BC, Chai R, Lenoir A, Liu Z, Zhang L, Nguyen DH, et al. Spontaneous hair cell regeneration in the neonatal mouse cochlea in vivo. Development 2014, 141: 816\u2013829.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"1479_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7053","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34759-8","volume":"13","author":"J Nie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nie J, Ueda Y, Solivais AJ, Hashino E. CHD7 regulates otic lineage specification and hair cell differentiation in human inner ear organoids. Nat Commun 2022, 13: 7053.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1479_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202256562","volume":"24","author":"XJ Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li XJ, Morgan C, Nadar-Ponniah PT, Kolanus W, Doetzlhofer A. TRIM71 reactivation enhances the mitotic and hair cell-forming potential of cochlear supporting cells. EMBO Rep 2023, 24: e56562.","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"1479_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/term.3298","volume":"16","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Hao XL, Jia SF, Wen YZ, Wang YH. Efficient genetic engineering of murine cochlear organoids. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022, 16: 530\u2013537.","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"1479_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22225","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2000417117","volume":"117","author":"XJ Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li XJ, Doetzlhofer A. LIN28B\/let-7 control the ability of neonatal murine auditory supporting cells to generate hair cells through mTOR signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020, 117: 22225\u201322236.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1479_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13620","volume":"57","author":"Q Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun Q, Zhang L, Chen T, Li N, Tan F, Gu X, et al. AAV-mediated Gpm6b expression supports hair cell reprogramming. Cell Prolif 2024, 57: e13620.","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"1479_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-04743-6","volume":"80","author":"L Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang L, Fang Y, Tan F, Guo F, Zhang Z, Li N, et al. AAV-Net1 facilitates the trans-differentiation of supporting cells into hair cells in the murine cochlea. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023, 80: 86.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"1479_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.02.022","volume":"16","author":"D Abdul-Aziz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdul-Aziz D, Hathiramani N, Phung L, Sykopetrites V, Edge ASB. HIC1 represses Atoh1 transcription and hair cell differentiation in the cochlea. Stem Cell Rep 2021, 16: 797\u2013809.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"1479_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.710159","volume":"9","author":"ST Erni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Erni ST, Gill JC, Palaferri C, Fernandes G, Buri M, Lazarides K, et al. Hair cell generation in cochlear culture models mediated by novel \u03b3-secretase inhibitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021, 9: 710159.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"1479_CR98","first-page":"505","volume":"8","author":"JB Gurdon","year":"1960","unstructured":"Gurdon JB. The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. J Embryol Exp Morphol 1960, 8: 505\u2013526.","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"1479_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dev201071","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.201071","volume":"150","author":"Y Ueda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ueda Y, Nakamura T, Nie J, Solivais AJ, Hoffman JR, Daye BJ, et al. Defining developmental trajectories of prosensory cells in human inner ear organoids at single-cell resolution. Development 2023, 150: dev201071.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"1479_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2019.05.014","volume":"13","author":"PC Tang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tang PC, Alex AL, Nie J, Lee J, Roth AA, Booth KT, et al. Defective Tmprss3-associated hair cell degeneration in inner ear organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2019, 13: 147\u2013162.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"1479_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.08.010","volume":"16","author":"Q Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Q, Zhang L, Zhu MS, Wan G. High-throughput screening on cochlear organoids identifies VEGFR-MEK-TGFB1 signaling promoting hair cell reprogramming. Stem Cell Rep 2021, 16: 2257\u20132273.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"1479_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202203172","volume":"12","author":"N Tabatabaei Rezaei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tabatabaei Rezaei N, Kumar H, Liu H, Lee SS, Park SS, Kim K. Recent advances in organ-on-chips integrated with bioprinting technologies for drug screening. Adv Healthc Mater 2023, 12: e2203172.","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"1479_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.05.006","volume":"109","author":"LH Goetz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goetz LH, Schork NJ. Personalized medicine: Motivation, challenges, and progress. Fertil Steril 2018, 109: 952\u2013963.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1479_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.22231","volume":"83","author":"PB Beltr\u00e3o-Braga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beltr\u00e3o-Braga PB, Pignatari GC, Russo FB, Fernandes IR, Muotri AR. In-a-dish: Induced pluripotent stem cells as a novel model for human diseases. Cytometry A 2013, 83: 11\u201317.","journal-title":"Cytometry A"},{"key":"1479_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5471","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190308150055","volume":"24","author":"YA Jodat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jodat YA, Kang MG, Kiaee K, Kim GJ, Martinez AFH, Rosenkranz A, et al. Human-derived organ-on-a-chip for personalized drug development. Curr Pharm Des 2018, 24: 5471\u20135486.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"1479_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4526","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.87266","volume":"13","author":"S Deng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deng S, Li C, Cao J, Cui Z, Du J, Fu Z, et al. Organ-on-a-chip meets artificial intelligence in drug evaluation. Theranostics 2023, 13: 4526\u20134558.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"1479_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medntd.2023.100276","volume":"21","author":"H Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi H, Kowalczewski A, Vu D, Liu X, Salekin A, Yang H, et al. Organoid intelligence: Integration of organoid technology and artificial intelligence in the New Era of in vitro models. Med Nov Technol Devices 2024, 21: 100276.","journal-title":"Med Nov Technol Devices"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12264-025-01479-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12264-025-01479-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12264-025-01479-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T21:04:14Z","timestamp":1767992654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12264-025-01479-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12264-025-01479-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1673-7067","1995-8218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1673-7067","type":"print"},{"value":"1995-8218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}