{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:30:48Z","timestamp":1787729448582,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-011-9344-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]],"date-time":"2012-01-18T13:34:04Z","timestamp":1326893644000},"page":"107-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Left Bundle Branch Block, an Old\u2013New Entity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Breithardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole-Alexander","family":"Breithardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl D","key":"9344_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D 102","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjsupp\/4.suppl_D.D102","volume":"4","author":"G Breithardt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Breithardt, G., Kuhn, H., Hammel, D., Scheld, H. H., Seipel, L., & B\u00f6cker, D. (2002). Cardiac resynchronization therapy into the next decade: From the past to morbidity\/mortality trials. European Heart Journal Supplements, 4(Suppl D), D 102\u2013D 110.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal Supplements"},{"issue":"4","key":"9344_CR2","first-page":"820","volume":"17","author":"PFA Bakker","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bakker, P. F. A., Meijburg, H., de Jonge, N., van Mechelen, R., Wittkamp, F., Mower, M., et al. (1994). Beneficial effects of biventricular pacing in congestive heart failure. Pacing And Clinical Electrophysiology, 17(4), 820.","journal-title":"Pacing And Clinical Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"11 Pt 2","key":"9344_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1994.tb03783.x","volume":"17","author":"S Cazeau","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cazeau, S., Ritter, P., Bakdach, S., Lazarus, A., Limousin, M., Henao, L., et al. (1994). Four chamber pacing in dilated cardiomyopathy. Pacing And Clinical Electrophysiology, 17(11 Pt 2), 1974\u20131979.","journal-title":"Pacing And Clinical Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"21","key":"9344_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032423","volume":"350","author":"MR Bristow","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bristow, M. R., Saxon, L. A., Boehmer, J., Krueger, S., Kass, D. A., De Marco, T., et al. (2004). Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. The New England Journal of Medicine, 350(21), 2140\u20132150.","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"15","key":"9344_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050496","volume":"352","author":"JG Cleland","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cleland, J. G., Daubert, J. C., Erdmann, E., Freemantle, N., Gras, D., Kappenberger, L., et al. (2005). The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. The New England Journal of Medicine, 352(15), 1539\u20131549.","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"9344_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.49.3.423","volume":"49","author":"AS Abbasi","year":"1974","unstructured":"Abbasi, A. S., Eber, L. M., MacAlpin, R. N., & Kattus, A. A. (1974). Paradoxical motion of interventricular septum in left bundle branch block. Circulation, 49(3), 423\u2013427.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"9344_CR7","first-page":"138","volume":"75","author":"JM Curtius","year":"1986","unstructured":"Curtius, J. M., Knuppel, S., Meschig, R., Balkenhoff, K., Arnold, G., & Loogen, F. (1986). Course of left-ventricular contraction in left bundle-branch block and its hemodynamic effects. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie, 75(3), 138\u2013146.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie"},{"issue":"11","key":"9344_CR8","first-page":"635","volume":"72","author":"JM Curtius","year":"1983","unstructured":"Curtius, J. M., Nowitzki, G., Kohler, E., Kuhn, H., & Loogen, F. (1983). Left bundle-branch block: inferences from ventricular septal motion in the echocardiogram concerning left ventricular function. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie, 72(11), 635\u2013641.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie"},{"key":"9344_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.48.2.272","volume":"48","author":"IG McDonald","year":"1973","unstructured":"McDonald, I. G. (1973). Echocardiographic demonstration of abnormal motion of the interventricular septum in left bundle branch block. Circulation, 48, 272\u2013280.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"9344_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.42.3.255","volume":"42","author":"J Fujii","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fujii, J., Wantanabe, H., Watanabe, T., Takahashi, N., Ohta, A., & Kato, K. (1979). M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiographic study of the left ventricular wall motions in complete left bundle-branch block. British Heart Journal, 42(3), 255\u2013260.","journal-title":"British Heart Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"9344_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.6.588","volume":"98","author":"MF Oosterhout van","year":"1998","unstructured":"van Oosterhout, M. F., Prinzen, F. W., Arts, T., Schreuder, J. J., Vanagt, W. Y., Cleutjens, J. P., et al. (1998). Asynchronous electrical activation induces asymmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall. Circulation, 98(6), 588\u2013595.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"9344_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00313-8","volume":"49","author":"MF Oosterhout van","year":"2001","unstructured":"van Oosterhout, M. F., Arts, T., Muijtjens, A. M., Reneman, R. S., & Prinzen, F. W. (2001). Remodeling by ventricular pacing in hypertrophying dog hearts. Cardiovascular Research, 49(4), 771\u2013778.","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"9344_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq192","volume":"12","author":"K Dickstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dickstein, K., Vardas, P. E., Auricchio, A., Daubert, J. C., Linde, C., McMurray, J., et al. (2010). 2010 focused update of ESC Guidelines on device therapy in heart failure: An update of the 2008 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure and the 2007 ESC guidelines for cardiac and resynchronization therapy. Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association and the European Heart Rhythm Association. European Journal of Heart Failure, 12(11), 1143\u20131153.","journal-title":"European Journal of Heart Failure"},{"issue":"14","key":"9344_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064","volume":"119","author":"M Jessup","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jessup, M., Abraham, W. T., Casey, D. E., Feldman, A. M., Francis, G. S., Ganiats, T. G., et al. (2009). 2009 focused update: ACCF\/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation, 119(14), 1977\u20132016.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"9344_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.960898","volume":"123","author":"W Zareba","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zareba, W., Klein, H., Cygankiewicz, I., Hall, W. J., McNitt, S., Brown, M., et al. (2011). Effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy by QRS morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial\u2013Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT\u2013CRT). Circulation, 123(10), 1061\u20131072.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"20","key":"9344_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.956011","volume":"122","author":"KC Bilchick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bilchick, K. C., Kamath, S., DiMarco, J. P., & Stukenborg, G. J. (2010). Bundle-branch block morphology and other predictors of outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy in Medicare patients. Circulation, 122(20), 2022\u20132030.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9344_CR17","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Diagnostic electrocardiography and vectorcardiography","author":"HH Freedman","year":"1971","unstructured":"Freedman, H. H. (1971). Ventricular conduction defects. In H. H. Freedman (Ed.), Diagnostic electrocardiography and vectorcardiography (pp. 163\u2013192). New York: McGraw Hill."},{"issue":"6","key":"9344_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80335-1","volume":"5","author":"JL Willems","year":"1985","unstructured":"Willems, J. L., Robles de Medina, E. O., Bernard, R., Coumel, P., Fisch, C., Krikler, D., et al. (1985). Criteria for intraventricular conduction disturbances and pre-excitation. World Health Organizational\/International Society and Federation for Cardiology Task Force Ad Hoc. J Am Coll Cardiol, 5(6), 1261\u20131275.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9344_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e235","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191095","volume":"119","author":"B Surawicz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Surawicz, B., Childers, R., Deal, B. J., Gettes, L. S., Bailey, J. J., Gorgels, A., et al. (2009). AHA\/ACCF\/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: Part III: Intraventricular conduction disturbances: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. Circulation, 119(10), e235\u2013e240.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9344_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000118502.91105.F6","volume":"109","author":"A Auricchio","year":"2004","unstructured":"Auricchio, A., Fantoni, C., Regoli, F., Carbucicchio, C., Goette, A., Geller, C., et al. (2004). Characterization of left ventricular activation in patients with heart failure and left bundle-branch block. Circulation, 109, 1133\u20131139.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"9344_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.11.010","volume":"107","author":"DG Strauss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Strauss, D. G., Selvester, R. H., & Wagner, G. S. (2011). Defining left bundle branch block in the era of cardiac resynchronization therapy. The American Journal of Cardiology, 107(6), 927\u2013934.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9344_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2008.07.011","volume":"42","author":"DG Strauss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Strauss, D. G., & Selvester, R. H. (2009). The QRS complex\u2014a biomarker that \u201cimages\u201d the heart: QRS scores to quantify myocardial scar in the presence of normal and abnormal ventricular conduction. Journal of Electrocardiology, 42(1), 85\u201396.","journal-title":"Journal of Electrocardiology"},{"key":"9344_CR23","first-page":"1441","volume-title":"Comprehensive electrocardiology. Theory and practice in health and disease","author":"L-T Macfarlane-P","year":"1989","unstructured":"Macfarlane-P, L.-T. (1989). Appendix 1: Normal limits. In L.-T. Macfarlane-P (Ed.), Comprehensive electrocardiology. Theory and practice in health and disease (pp. 1441\u20131526). New York: Pergamon."},{"key":"9344_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66772-5_20","volume-title":"Cardiomyopathy and myocardial biopsy","author":"L Seipel","year":"1978","unstructured":"Seipel, L., Breithardt, G., & Kuhn, H. (1978). Left bundle branch block in patients with and without cardiomyopathy. In M. Kaltenbach, F. Loogen, & E. G. J. Olsen (Eds.), Cardiomyopathy and myocardial biopsy (pp. 237\u2013250). Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"9344_CR25","first-page":"3345","volume-title":"To pace or not to pace. Controversial subjects on cardiac pacing","author":"L Seipel","year":"1978","unstructured":"Seipel, L., Breithardt, G., & Kuhn, H. (1978). Significance of His bundle recording in bundle branch block. In H. J. T. Thalen & J. W. Harthome (Eds.), To pace or not to pace. Controversial subjects on cardiac pacing (p. 3345). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Medical Division."},{"key":"9344_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(60)90281-7","volume":"59","author":"NS Amer","year":"1960","unstructured":"Amer, N. S., Stuckey, J. H., Hoffman, B. F., Cappelletti, R. R., & Domingo, R. T. (1960). Activation of the interventricular septal myocardium studied during cardiopulmonary bypass. American Heart Journal, 59, 224\u2013237.","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"9344_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.41.6.899","volume":"41","author":"D Durrer","year":"1970","unstructured":"Durrer, D., van Dam, R. T., Freud, G. E., Janse, M. J., Meijler, F. L., & Arzbaecher, R. C. (1970). Total excitation of the isolated human heart. Circulation, 41(6), 899\u2013912.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"9344_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.43.2.193","volume":"43","author":"KM Rosen","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rosen, K. M., Rahimtoola, S. H., Sinno, M. Z., & Gunnar, R. M. (1971). Bundle branch and ventricular activation in man: A study using catheter recordings of left and right bundle branch potentials. Circulation, 43(2), 193\u2013203.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"9344_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.42.3.385","volume":"42","author":"OS Narula","year":"1970","unstructured":"Narula, O. S., Javier, R. P., Samet, P., & Maramba, L. C. (1970). Significance of His and left bundle recordings from the left heart in man. Circulation, 42(3), 385\u2013396.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"9344_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.48.2.322","volume":"48","author":"M Scheinman","year":"1973","unstructured":"Scheinman, M., Weiss, A., & Kunkel, F. (1973). His bundle recordings in patients with bundle branch block and transient neurologic symptoms. Circulation, 48(2), 322\u2013330.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"9344_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(71)90104-9","volume":"81","author":"WD Berkowitz","year":"1971","unstructured":"Berkowitz, W. D., Lau, S. H., Patton, R. D., Rosen, K. M., & Damato, A. N. (1971). The use of His bundle recordings in the analysis of unilateral and bilateral bundle branch block. American Heart Journal, 81(3), 340\u2013350.","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"9344_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01468321","volume":"21","author":"D Fleischmann","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fleischmann, D., Mathey, D., Bleifeld, W., Irnich, W., & Effert, S. (1973). His bundle electrograms in patients with intraventricular conduction defects (author's transl). Klinische Wochenschrift, 21(1), 1066\u20131073.","journal-title":"Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"issue":"1","key":"9344_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.53.1.47","volume":"53","author":"Z Vera","year":"1976","unstructured":"Vera, Z., Mason, D. T., Fletcher, R. D., Awan, N. A., & Massumi, R. A. (1976). Prolonged His-Q interval in chronic bifascicular block. Relation to impending complete heart block. Circulation, 53(1), 47\u201355.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"9344_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.36.7.653","volume":"36","author":"DS Cannom","year":"1974","unstructured":"Cannom, D. S., Goodman, D. J., & Harrison, D. C. (1974). Electrophysiological studies in patients with rate-related intermittent left bundle-branch block. British Heart Journal, 36(7), 653\u2013659.","journal-title":"British Heart Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"9344_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.69.5.914","volume":"69","author":"JA Vassallo","year":"1984","unstructured":"Vassallo, J. A., Cassidy, D. M., Marchlinski, F. E., Buxton, A. E., Waxman, H. L., Doherty, J. U., et al. (1984). Endocardial activation of left bundle branch block. Circulation, 69(5), 914\u2013923.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"9344_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(86)80140-1","volume":"7","author":"JA Vassallo","year":"1986","unstructured":"Vassallo, J. A., Cassidy, D. M., Miller, J. M., Buxton, A. E., Marchlinski, F. E., & Josephson, M. E. (1986). Left ventricular endocardial activation during right ventricular pacing: effect of underlying heart disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 7(6), 1228\u20131233.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9344_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01772-7","volume":"39","author":"G Ansalone","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ansalone, G., Giannantoni, P., Ricci, R., Trambaiolo, P., Fedele, F., & Santini, M. (2002). Doppler myocardial imaging to evaluate the effectiveness of pacing sites in patients receiving biventricular pacing. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 39(3), 489\u2013499.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9344_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02010-7","volume":"40","author":"P Sogaard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sogaard, P., Egeblad, H., Kim, W., Jensen, H., Pedersen, A., Kristensen, B., et al. (2002). Tissue Doppler imaging predicts improved systolic performance and reversed left ventricular remodeling during long-term cardiac resynchronization therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 40(4), 723\u2013730.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"9344_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.095612","volume":"93","author":"M Becker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Becker, M., Franke, A., Breithardt, O. A., Kaminski, T., Kramann, R., Knackstedt, C., et al. (2007). Impact of left ventricular lead position on the efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy. A two-dimensional strain echocardiography study. Heart, 93(10), 1197\u20131203.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"11","key":"9344_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.07.019","volume":"100","author":"M Becker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Becker, M., Hoffmann, R., Schmitz, F., Hundemer, A., Kuhl, H., Schauerte, P., et al. (2007). Relation of optimal lead positioning as defined by three-dimensional echocardiography to long-term benefit of cardiac resynchronization. The American Journal of Cardiology, 100(11), 1671\u20131676.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"9344_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(65)90061-X","volume":"70","author":"S Smith","year":"1965","unstructured":"Smith, S., & Hayes, W. L. (1965). The prognosis of complete left bundle branch block. American Heart Journal, 70, 157\u2013159.","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"9344_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(51)90103-2","volume":"41","author":"AL Messer","year":"1951","unstructured":"Messer, A. L., Johnson, R. P., Shreenivas, & White, P. D. (1951). Prognosis in bundle branch block. II. A comparison of right and left bundle branch block with a note on the relative incidence of each. American Heart Journal, 41(2), 239\u2013245.","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"9344_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1951.03810050039004","volume":"87","author":"M Rodstein","year":"1951","unstructured":"Rodstein, M., Gubner, R., Mills, J. P., Lovell, J. F., & Ungerleider, H. E. (1951). A mortality study in bundle branch block. AMA Archives of Internal Medicine, 87(5), 663\u2013668.","journal-title":"AMA Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"9344_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.51.3.477","volume":"51","author":"M Rotman","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rotman, M., & Triebwasser, J. H. (1975). A clinical and follow-up study of right and left bundle branch block. Circulation, 51(3), 477\u2013484.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"9344_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(70)90135-3","volume":"80","author":"RF Smith","year":"1970","unstructured":"Smith, R. F., Jackson, D. H., Harthorne, J. W., & Sanders, C. A. (1970). Acquired bundle branch block in a healthy population. American Heart Journal, 80(6), 746\u2013751.","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"633","key":"9344_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.54.633.451","volume":"54","author":"H Kuhn","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kuhn, H., Breithardt, G., Knieriem, H. J., Kohler, E., Losse, B., Seipel, L., et al. (1978). Prognosis and possible presymptomatic manifestations of congestive cardiomyopathy (COCM). Postgraduate Medical Journal, 54(633), 451\u2013461.","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"key":"9344_CR47","first-page":"916","volume":"63","author":"H Kuhn","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kuhn, H., Breithardt, L. K., Breithardt, G., Seipel, L., & Loogen, F. (1974). Die Bedeutung des Elektrokardiogramms f\u00fcr die Diagnose und Verlaufsbeobachtung von Patienten mit kongestiver Kardiomyopathie. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie, 63, 916\u2013927.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie"},{"issue":"6","key":"9344_CR48","first-page":"662","volume":"67","author":"M Blondeau","year":"1974","unstructured":"Blondeau, M. (1974). Complete left branch block with strong left axial deviation of the QRS. I. Clinical study. Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, 67(6), 662\u2013734.","journal-title":"Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux"},{"issue":"3","key":"9344_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-3-303","volume":"90","author":"JF Schneider","year":"1979","unstructured":"Schneider, J. F., Thomas, H. E., Jr., Kreger, B. E., McNamara, P. M., & Kannel, W. B. (1979). Newly acquired left bundle-branch block: The Framingham study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 90(3), 303\u2013310.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"9344_CR50","first-page":"621","volume":"47","author":"RP Johnson","year":"1951","unstructured":"Johnson, R. P., Messer, A. L., & Shreenivas. (1951). The significance of bundle-branch block. Texas State Journal of Medicine, 47(9), 621\u2013626.","journal-title":"Texas State Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"9344_CR51","first-page":"111","volume":"30","author":"B Marchandise","year":"1975","unstructured":"Marchandise, B., Piette, F., Chalant, C. H., & Kremer, R. (1975). Conduction disorders in aortic valve diseases. Acta Cardiologica, 30(2), 111\u2013128.","journal-title":"Acta Cardiologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"9344_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90225-1","volume":"62","author":"RL Wilensky","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wilensky, R. L., Yudelman, P., Cohen, A. I., Fletcher, R. D., Atkinson, J., Virmani, R., et al. (1988). Serial electrocardiographic changes in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy confirmed at necropsy. The American Journal of Cardiology, 62(4), 276\u2013283.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"21","key":"9344_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300297","volume":"97","author":"RA Stewart","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stewart, R. A., Young, A. A., Anderson, C., Teo, K. K., Jennings, G., & Cowan, B. R. (2011). Relationship between QRS duration and left ventricular mass and volume in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Heart, 97(21), 1766\u20131770.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"12","key":"9344_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.071","volume":"46","author":"A Kashani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kashani, A., & Barold, S. S. (2005). Significance of QRS complex duration in patients with heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(12), 2183\u20132192.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9344_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(95)02502-2","volume":"53","author":"HB Xiao","year":"1996","unstructured":"Xiao, H. B., Roy, C., Fujimoto, S., & Gibson, D. G. (1996). Natural history of abnormal conduction and its relation to prognosis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. International Journal of Cardiology, 53(2), 163\u2013170.","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"9344_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(02)00431-X","volume":"21","author":"F Grigioni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grigioni, F., Carinci, V., Boriani, G., Bracchetti, G., Potena, L., Magnani, G., et al. (2002). Accelerated QRS widening as an independent predictor of cardiac death or of the need for heart transplantation in patients with congestive heart failure. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 21(8), 899\u2013902.","journal-title":"The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation"},{"key":"9344_CR57","first-page":"A11770","volume":"124","author":"LA Garsse Van","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Garsse, L. A., Houthuizen, P., Poels, T. T., Swinkels, B. M., ten Berg, J. M., van der Kley, F., et al. (2011). Left bundle branch block induced by transcatheter aortic valve implantation increases risk for 1-year all-cause mortality (Abstract). Circulation, 124, A11770.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"9344_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(74)90604-4","volume":"56","author":"A Takeshita","year":"1974","unstructured":"Takeshita, A., Basta, L. L., & Kioschos, J. M. (1974). Effect of intermittent left bundle branch block on left ventricular performance. American Journal of Medicine, 56(2), 251\u2013255.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"9344_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.118735","volume":"142","author":"MK Das","year":"2001","unstructured":"Das, M. K., Cheriparambil, K., Bedi, A., Kassotis, J., Es, D., Reddy, C. V., et al. (2001). Prolonged QRS duration (QRS >\/=170\u00a0ms) and left axis deviation in the presence of left bundle branch block: A marker of poor left ventricular systolic function? American Heart Journal, 142(5), 756\u2013759.","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"9344_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1370","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00051.2002","volume":"283","author":"XA Verbeek","year":"2002","unstructured":"Verbeek, X. A., Vernooy, K., Peschar, M., Van Der, N. T., Van Hunnik, A., & Prinzen, F. W. (2002). Quantification of interventricular asynchrony during LBBB and ventricular pacing. American Journal of Physiology\u2014Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 283(4), H1370\u2013H1378.","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2014Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"9344_CR61","first-page":"288","volume-title":"Microcirculation of the heart","author":"H Kuhn","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kuhn, H., L\u00f6sse, B., & Hart, W. (1982). Studies in patients with abnormal electrocardiogram of unknown etiology. In H. Tillmanns, W. K\u00fcbler, & H. Zebe (Eds.), Microcirculation of the heart (pp. 288\u2013295). Berlin: Springer."},{"issue":"1","key":"9344_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)01595-8","volume":"88","author":"JA Erlebacher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Erlebacher, J. A., & Barbarash, S. (2001). Intraventricular conduction delay and functional mitral regurgitation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 88(1), 83\u201386.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9344_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.63.3.565","volume":"63","author":"RW Godley","year":"1981","unstructured":"Godley, R. W., Wann, L. S., Rogers, E. W., Feigenbaum, H., & Weyman, A. E. (1981). Incomplete mitral leaflet closure in patients with papillary muscle dysfunction. Circulation, 63(3), 565\u2013571.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"9344_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90302-4","volume":"19","author":"T Kono","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kono, T., Sabbah, H. N., Rosman, H., Alam, M., Jafri, S., Stein, P. D., et al. (1992). Mechanism of functional mitral regurgitation during acute myocardial ischemia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 19(5), 1101\u20131105.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9344_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(79)90430-7","volume":"97","author":"S Ogawa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ogawa, S., Hubbard, F. E., Mardelli, T. J., & Dreifus, L. S. (1979). Cross-sectional echocardiographic spectrum of papillary muscle dysfunction. American Heart Journal, 97(3), 312\u2013321.","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"9344_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01134-7","volume":"37","author":"Y Otsuji","year":"2001","unstructured":"Otsuji, Y., Handschumacher, M. D., Liel-Cohen, N., Tanabe, H., Jiang, L., Schwammenthal, E., et al. (2001). Mechanism of ischemic mitral regurgitation with segmental left ventricular dysfunction: Three-dimensional echocardiographic studies in models of acute and chronic progressive regurgitation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 37(2), 641\u2013648.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9344_CR67","first-page":"414","volume":"45","author":"B Nowak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nowak, B., Stellbrink, C., Schaefer, W. M., Sinha, A. M., Breithardt, O. A., Kaiser, H. J., et al. (2004). Comparison of regional myocardial blood flow and perfusion in dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block: Role of wall thickening. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 45(3), 414\u2013418.","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"9344_CR68","first-page":"1479","volume":"29","author":"EG DePuey","year":"1988","unstructured":"DePuey, E. G., Guertler-Krawczynska, E., & Robbins, W. L. (1988). Thallium-201 SPECT in coronary artery disease patients with left bundle branch block. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 29(9), 1479\u20131485.","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"9344_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(84)90400-4","volume":"53","author":"HO Hirzel","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hirzel, H. O., Senn, M., Nuesch, K., Buettner, C., Pfeiffer, A., Hess, O. M., et al. (1984). Thallium-201 scintigraphy in complete left bundle branch block. The American Journal of Cardiology, 53(6), 764\u2013769.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9344_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi008","volume":"26","author":"K Vernooy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vernooy, K., Verbeek, X. A., Peschar, M., Crijns, H. J., Arts, T., Cornelussen, R. N., et al. (2005). Left bundle branch block induces ventricular remodelling and functional septal hypoperfusion. European Heart Journal, 26(1), 91\u201398.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"9344_CR71","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Heart disease","author":"FJT Wackers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wackers, F. J. T., Soufer, R., & Zaret, B. L. (2001). Nuclear cardiology. In E. Braunwald, D. P. Zipes, & P. Libby (Eds.), Heart disease (p. 295). Philadelphia: Saunders."},{"issue":"3","key":"9344_CR72","first-page":"135","volume":"74","author":"H Frenzel","year":"1985","unstructured":"Frenzel, H., Kasper, M., Kuhn, H., Losse, B., Reifschneider, G., & Hort, W. (1985). Light and electron microscopy findings in early and late stages of heart failure. Studies of endomyocardial biopsies of patients with latent (LCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathy. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie, 74(3), 135\u2013143.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie"},{"key":"9344_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66772-5_11","volume-title":"Cardiomyopathy and myocardial biopsy","author":"H Kuhn","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kuhn, H., Breithardt, G., Knieriem, H. J., & Loogen, F. (1978). Endomyocardial catheter biopsy in heart disease of unknown etiology. In M. Kaltenbach, F. Loogen, & E. G. J. Olsen (Eds.), Cardiomyopathy and myocardial biopsy (pp. 121\u2013137). Berlin: Springer."},{"issue":"11","key":"9344_CR74","first-page":"695","volume":"73","author":"JM Curtius","year":"1984","unstructured":"Curtius, J. M., Stechern, V., Kuhn, H., & Loogen, F. (1984). Echocardiographic follow-up in latent cardiomyopathy. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie, 73(11), 695\u2013700.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie"},{"issue":"24","key":"9344_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013040","volume":"346","author":"GA Lamas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lamas, G. A., Lee, K. L., Sweeney, M. O., Silverman, R., Leon, A., Yee, R., et al. (2002). Ventricular pacing or dual-chamber pacing for sinus-node dysfunction. The New England Journal of Medicine, 346(24), 1854\u20131862.","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"24","key":"9344_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.24.3115","volume":"288","author":"BL Wilkoff","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wilkoff, B. L., Cook, J. R., Epstein, A. E., Greene, H. L., Hallstrom, A. P., Hsia, H., et al. (2002). Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: The Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(24), 3115\u20133123.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"9344_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.10.035","volume":"8","author":"A Barsheshet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barsheshet, A., Moss, A. J., McNitt, S., Jons, C., Glikson, M., Klein, H. U., et al. (2011). Long-term implications of cumulative right ventricular pacing among patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Heart Rhythm, 8(2), 212\u2013218.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"11","key":"9344_CR78","first-page":"727","volume":"71","author":"JM Curtius","year":"1982","unstructured":"Curtius, J. M., Freimuth, M., Kuhn, H., Kohler, E., & Loogen, F. (1982). Exercise echocardiography in dilatative cardiomyopathy. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie, 71(11), 727\u2013735.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kardiologie"},{"issue":"5","key":"9344_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02937-6","volume":"41","author":"OA Breithardt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Breithardt, O. A., Sinha, A. M., Schwammenthal, E., Bidaoui, N., Markus, K. U., Franke, A., et al. (2003). Acute effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on functional mitral regurgitation in advanced systolic heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(5), 765\u2013770.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9344_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.66.6.443","volume":"66","author":"HB Xiao","year":"1991","unstructured":"Xiao, H. B., Lee, C. H., & Gibson, D. G. (1991). Effect of left bundle branch block on diastolic function in dilated cardiomyopathy. British Heart Journal, 66(6), 443\u2013447.","journal-title":"British Heart Journal"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/index\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12265-011-9344-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T08:55:37Z","timestamp":1497948937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12265-011-9344-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,19]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["9344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12265-011-9344-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1937-5387","1937-5395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1937-5387","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-5395","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,19]]}}}