{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T18:07:09Z","timestamp":1789927629599,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-013-9463-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,11]],"date-time":"2013-04-11T15:34:02Z","timestamp":1365694442000},"page":"579-587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Endothelial Cell Death and Intimal Foam Cell Accumulation in the Coronary Artery of Infected Hypercholesterolemic Minipigs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Malene M.","family":"Birck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Saraste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poul","family":"Hyttel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Odermarsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petru","family":"Liuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Saukko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel K.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erkki","family":"Pesonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"9463_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01323","volume":"420","author":"P Libby","year":"2002","unstructured":"Libby, P. (2002). Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature, 420, 868\u2013874.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9463_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00238-0","volume":"104","author":"CK Glass","year":"2001","unstructured":"Glass, C. K., & Witztum, J. L. (2001). Atherosclerosis: The road ahead. Cell, 104, 503\u2013516.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9463_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/362801a0","volume":"362","author":"R Ross","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ross, R. (1993). The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. A perspective for the 1990s. Nature, 362, 801\u2013809.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9463_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S376","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800087-JLR200","volume":"50","author":"D Steinberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Steinberg, D. (2009). The LDL modification hypothesis of atherogenesis: An update. Journal of Lipid Research, 50, S376\u2013S381.","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"key":"9463_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.2174\/138955708785132765","volume":"8","author":"M Karaflou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Karaflou, M., Lambrinoudaki, I., & Christodoulakos, G. (2008). Apoptosis in atherosclerosis: A mini-review. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 8, 912\u2013918.","journal-title":"Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"9463_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703407","volume":"130","author":"Z Mallat","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mallat, Z., & Tedgui, A. (2000). Apoptosis in the vasculature: Mechanisms and functional importance. British Journal of Pharmacology, 130, 947\u2013962.","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"9463_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.21.2450","volume":"101","author":"O Tricot","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tricot, O., Mallat, Z., Heymes, C., Belmin, J., Leseche, G., & Tedgui, A. (2000). Relation between endothelial cell apoptosis and blood flow direction in human atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation, 101, 2450\u20132453.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9463_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.3.348","volume":"99","author":"Z Mallat","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mallat, Z., Hugel, B., Ohan, J., Leseche, G., Freyssinet, J. M., & Tedgui, A. (1999). Shed membrane microparticles with procoagulant potential in human atherosclerotic plaques\u2014A role for apoptosis in plaque thrombogenicity. Circulation, 99, 348\u2013353.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9463_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.039","volume":"204","author":"O Morel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Morel, O., Pereira, B., Averous, G., Faure, A., Jesel, L., Germain, P., et al. (2009). Increased levels of procoagulant tissue factor-bearing microparticles within the occluded coronary artery of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Role of endothelial damage and leukocyte activation. Atherosclerosis, 204, 636\u2013641.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"9463_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1086\/498617","volume":"193","author":"D Nazzal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nazzal, D., Cantero, A. V., Therville, N., Segui, B., Negre-Salvayre, A., Thomsen, M., et al. (2006). Chlamydia pneumoniae alters mildly oxidized low-density lipoprotein\u2014Induced cell death in human endothelial cells, leading to necrosis rather than apoptosis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 193, 136\u2013145.","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"9463_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-32","volume":"8","author":"J Marino","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marino, J., Stoeckli, I., Walch, M., Latinovic-Golic, S., Sundstroem, H., Groscurth, P., et al. (2008). Chlamydophila pneumoniae derived from inclusions late in the infectious cycle induce aponecrosis in human aortic endothelial cells. BMC Microbiology, 8, 1\u201314.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiology"},{"key":"9463_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00083.x","volume":"47","author":"J Schoier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schoier, J., Hogdahl, M., Soderlund, G., & Kihlstrom, E. (2006). Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae-induced cell death in human coronary artery endothelial cells is caspase-independent and accompanied by subcellular translocations of Bax and apoptosis-inducing factor. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 47, 207\u2013216.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"9463_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.60.6.459","volume":"60","author":"MJ Davies","year":"1988","unstructured":"Davies, M. J., Woolf, N., Rowles, P. M., & Pepper, J. (1988). Morphology of the endothelium over atherosclerotic plaques in human coronary arteries. British Heart Journal, 60, 459\u2013464.","journal-title":"British Heart Journal"},{"key":"9463_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00168-2","volume":"2","author":"M Leinonen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leinonen, M., & Saikku, P. (2002). Evidence for infectious agents in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2, 11\u201317.","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"9463_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00653-0","volume":"85","author":"JH Zhu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhu, J. H., Quyyumi, A. A., Norman, J. E., Csako, G., Waclawiw, M. A., Shearer, G. M., et al. (2000). Effects of total pathogen burden on coronary artery disease risk and C-reactive protein levels. The American Journal of Cardiology, 85, 140\u2013146.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"9463_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.05.018","volume":"192","author":"E Pesonen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pesonen, E., Andsberg, E., Ohlin, H., Puolakkainen, M., Rautelin, H., Sarna, S., et al. (2007). Dual role of infections as risk factors for coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis, 192, 370\u2013375.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"9463_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090645","volume":"176","author":"JF Deniset","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deniset, J. F., Cheung, P. K. M., Dibrov, E., Lee, K., Steigerwald, S., & Pierce, G. N. (2010). Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection leads to smooth muscle cell proliferation and thickening in the coronary artery without contributions from a host immune response. American Journal of Pathology, 176, 1028\u20131037.","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"9463_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro796","volume":"2","author":"LA Campbell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Campbell, L. A., & Kuo, C. C. (2004). Chlamydia pneumoniae\u2014An infectious risk factor for atherosclerosis? Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2, 23\u201332.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"9463_CR19","first-page":"410","volume":"1050","author":"VS Gurevich","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gurevich, V. S., Pleskov, V. M., & Levaya, M. V. (2005). Autoimmune nature of influenza atherogenicity. Autoimmunity: Concepts and Diagnosis at the Cutting Edge, 1050, 410\u2013416.","journal-title":"Autoimmunity: Concepts and Diagnosis at the Cutting Edge"},{"key":"9463_CR20","first-page":"4","volume":"31","author":"M Madjid","year":"2004","unstructured":"Madjid, M., Aboshady, I., Awan, I., Litovsky, S., & Casscells, S. W. (2004). Influenza and cardiovascular disease\u2014Is there a causal relationship? Texas Heart Institute Journal, 31, 4\u201313.","journal-title":"Texas Heart Institute Journal"},{"key":"9463_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090880","volume":"176","author":"KL Hartshorn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hartshorn, K. L. (2010). New look at an old problem bacterial superinfection after influenza. American Journal of Pathology, 176, 536\u2013539.","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"9463_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-121808-102153","volume":"5","author":"MF Lipscomb","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lipscomb, M. F., Hutt, J., Lovchik, J., Wu, T., & Lyons, C. R. (2010). The pathogenesis of acute pulmonary viral and bacterial infections: Investigations in animal models. Annual Review of Pathology-Mechanisms of Disease, 5, 223\u2013252.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Pathology-Mechanisms of Disease"},{"key":"9463_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1595","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01253.2010","volume":"300","author":"MM Birck","year":"2011","unstructured":"Birck, M. M., Pesonen, E., Odermarsky, M., Hansen, A. K., Persson, K., Frikke-Schmidt, H., et al. (2011). Infection-induced coronary dysfunction and systemic inflammation in piglets are dampened in hypercholesterolemic milieu. American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 300, H1595\u2013H1601.","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"9463_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.9.1039","volume":"102","author":"P Liuba","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liuba, P., Karnani, P., Pesonen, E., Paakkari, I., Forslid, A., Johansson, L., et al. (2000). Endothelial dysfunction after repeated Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Circulation, 102, 1039\u20131044.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9463_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00384-3","volume":"45","author":"A Saraste","year":"2000","unstructured":"Saraste, A., & Pulkki, K. (2000). Morphologic and biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis. Cardiovascular Research, 45, 528\u2013537.","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"key":"9463_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.2.320","volume":"95","author":"A Saraste","year":"1997","unstructured":"Saraste, A., Pulkki, K., Kallajoki, M., Henriksen, K., Parvinen, M., & Voipio-Pulkki, L. M. (1997). Apoptosis in human acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 95, 320\u2013323.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9463_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.17.1.208","volume":"17","author":"ES Reynolds","year":"1963","unstructured":"Reynolds, E. S. (1963). Use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. The Journal of Cell Biology, 17, 208\u2013212.","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"9463_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1972.33","volume":"26","author":"JFR Kerr","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kerr, J. F. R., Wyllie, A. H., & Currie, A. R. (1972). Apoptosis\u2014Basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. British Journal of Cancer, 26, 239\u2013257.","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"9463_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(87)90010-4","volume":"65","author":"E Pesonen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pesonen, E., Kaprio, E., Rapola, J., Soveri, T., Viikari, J., Savilahti, E., et al. (1987). Effect of repeated endotoxin treatment and hypercholesterolemia on preatherosclerotic lesions in weaned pigs. Part 1. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. Atherosclerosis, 65, 89\u201398.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"9463_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.21.2641","volume":"293","author":"R Andraws","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andraws, R., Berger, J. S., & Brown, D. L. (2005). Effects of antibiotic therapy on outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease\u2014A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 293, 2641\u20132647.","journal-title":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"9463_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe058019","volume":"352","author":"JL Anderson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anderson, J. L. (2005). Infection, antibiotics, and atherothrombosis\u2014End of the road or new beginnings? The New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 1706\u20131709.","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"9463_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2010.00863.x","volume":"24","author":"JF Deniset","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deniset, J. F., & Pierce, G. N. (2010). Possibilities for therapeutic interventions in disrupting Chlamydophila pneumoniae involvement in atherosclerosis. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 24, 607\u2013617.","journal-title":"Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"9463_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.148.1.335","volume":"148","author":"CG Fabricant","year":"1978","unstructured":"Fabricant, C. G., Fabricant, J., Litrenta, M. M., & Minick, C. R. (1978). Virus-induced atherosclerosis. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 148, 335\u2013340.","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"9463_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI4582","volume":"103","author":"H Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu, H., Pierce, G. N., & Zhong, G. M. (1999). The atherogenic effects of chlamydia are dependent on serum cholesterol and specific to Chlamydia pneumoniae. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 103, 747\u2013753.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"9463_CR35","first-page":"3","volume":"146","author":"G Majno","year":"1995","unstructured":"Majno, G., & Joris, I. (1995). Apoptosis, oncosis, and necrosis. An overview of cell death. American Journal of Pathology, 146, 3\u201315.","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"9463_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S656","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)04687-8","volume":"75","author":"G Valen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Valen, G. (2003). The basic biology of apoptosis and its implications for cardiac function and viability. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 75, S656\u2013S660.","journal-title":"The Annals of Thoracic Surgery"},{"key":"9463_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7120","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100393","volume":"186","author":"N Olivares-Zavaleta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olivares-Zavaleta, N., Carmody, A., Messer, R., Whitmire, W. M., & Caldwell, H. D. (2011). Chlamydia pneumoniae inhibits activated human T lymphocyte proliferation by the induction of apoptotic and pyroptotic pathways. Journal of Immunology, 186, 7120\u20137126.","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"9463_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(03)00019-4","volume":"167","author":"P Liuba","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liuba, P., Pesonen, E., Paakkari, I., Batra, S., Forslid, A., Kovanen, P., et al. (2003). Acute Chlamydia pneumoniae infection causes coronary endothelial dysfunction in pigs. Atherosclerosis, 167, 215\u2013222.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"9463_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000160365.18879.1C","volume":"111","author":"M Charakida","year":"2005","unstructured":"Charakida, M., Donald, A. E., Terese, M., Leary, S., Halcox, J. P., Ness, A., et al. (2005). Endothelial dysfunction in childhood infection. Circulation, 111, 1660\u20131665.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9463_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(98)00081-1","volume":"139","author":"HM Kwon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kwon, H. M., Sangiorgi, G., Spagnoli, L. G., Miyauchi, K., Holmes, D. R., Schwartz, R. S., et al. (1998). Experimental hypercholesterolemia induces ultrastructural changes in the internal elastic lamina of porcine coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis, 139, 283\u2013289.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12265-013-9463-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12265-013-9463-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12265-013-9463-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]],"date-time":"2019-06-02T06:56:25Z","timestamp":1559458585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12265-013-9463-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12265-013-9463-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1937-5387","1937-5395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1937-5387","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-5395","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]]}}}