{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:06:51Z","timestamp":1791338811382,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-015-9615-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,5]],"date-time":"2015-03-05T20:30:20Z","timestamp":1425587420000},"page":"128-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Vectorcardiography for Optimization of Stimulation Intervals in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Caroline J. M.","family":"van Deursen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliane","family":"Wecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter M.","family":"van Everdingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"St\u00e5hlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel H. G.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frieder","family":"Braunschweig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Bergfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry J. G. M.","family":"Crijns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Vernooy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frits W.","family":"Prinzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"9615_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2004.07.006","volume":"1","author":"NS Sawhney","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sawhney, N. S., Waggoner, A. D., Garhwal, S., Chawla, M. K., Osborn, J., & Faddis, M. N. (2004). Randomized prospective trial of atrioventricular delay programming for cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm, 1, 562\u2013567.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"9615_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.01.216","volume":"168","author":"ZI Whinnett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Whinnett, Z. I., Francis, D. P., Denis, A., Willson, K., Pascale, P., van Geldorp, I., et al. (2013). Comparison of different invasive hemodynamic methods for AV delay optimization in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy: implications for clinical trial design and clinical practice. International Journal of Cardiology, 168, 2228\u201337.","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"9615_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(02)00204-0","volume":"5","author":"GB Perego","year":"2003","unstructured":"Perego, G. B., Chianca, R., Facchini, M., Frattola, A., Balla, E., Zucchi, S., et al. (2003). Simultaneous vs. sequential biventricular pacing in dilated cardiomyopathy: an acute hemodynamic study. European Journal of Heart Failure, 5, 305\u2013313.","journal-title":"European Journal of Heart Failure"},{"key":"9615_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000034512.90874.8E","volume":"106","author":"P Sogaard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sogaard, P., Egeblad, H., Pedersen, A. K., Kim, W. Y., Kristensen, B. O., Hansen, P. S., et al. (2002). Sequential versus simultaneous biventricular resynchronization for severe heart failure: evaluation by tissue Doppler imaging. Circulation, 106, 2078\u20132084.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9615_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.992552","volume":"122","author":"KA Ellenbogen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ellenbogen, K. A., Gold, M. R., Meyer, T. E., Fernndez Lozano, I., Mittal, S., Waggoner, A. D., et al. (2010). Primary results from the SmartDelay determined AV optimization: a comparison to other AV delay methods used in cardiac resynchronization therapy (SMART-AV) trial: a randomized trial comparing empirical, echocardiography-guided, and algorithmic atrioventricular delay programming in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation, 122, 2660\u20132668.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9615_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.08.032","volume":"46","author":"AR Leon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leon, A. R., Abraham, W. T., Brozena, S., Daubert, J. P., Fisher, W. G., Gurley, J. C., et al. (2005). Cardiac resynchronization with sequential biventricular pacing for the treatment of moderate-to-severe heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46, 2298\u20132304.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"9615_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.08.019","volume":"151","author":"G Boriani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Boriani, G., Muller, C. P., Seidl, K. H., Grove, R., Vogt, J., Danschel, W., et al. (2006). Randomized comparison of simultaneous biventricular stimulation versus optimized interventricular delay in cardiac resynchronization therapy. The Resynchronization for the HemodYnamic Treatment for Heart Failure Management II implantable cardioverter defibrillator (RHYTHM II ICD) study. American Heart Journal, 151, 1050\u20131058.","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"9615_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.634444","volume":"115","author":"RK Rao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rao, R. K., Kumar, U. N., Schafer, J., Viloria, E., De Lurgio, D., & Foster, E. (2007). Reduced ventricular volumes and improved systolic function with cardiac resynchronization therapy: a randomized trial comparing simultaneous biventricular pacing, sequential biventricular pacing, and left ventricular pacing. Circulation, 115, 2136\u20132144.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9615_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-010-9203-5","volume":"16","author":"PA Pabari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pabari, P. A., Willson, K., Stegemann, B., van Geldorp, I. E., Kyriacou, A., Moraldo, M., et al. (2011). When is an optimization not an optimization? Evaluation of clinical implications of information content (signal-to-noise ratio) in optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy, and how to measure and maximize it. Heart Failure Reviews, 16, 277\u2013290.","journal-title":"Heart Failure Reviews"},{"key":"9615_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.03.086","volume":"167","author":"A Kyriacou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kyriacou, A., Li Kam Wa, M. E., Pabari, P. A., Unsworth, B., Baruah, R., Willson, K., et al. (2013). A systematic approach to designing reliable VV optimization methodology: assessment of internal validity of echocardiographic, electrocardiographic and haemodynamic optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy. International Journal of Cardiology, 167, 954\u201364.","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"9615_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.02294.x","volume":"32","author":"D Gras","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gras, D., Gupta, M. S., Boulogne, E., Guzzo, L., & Abraham, W. T. (2009). Optimization of AV and VV delays in the real-world CRT patient population: an international survey on current clinical practice. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 32(Suppl 1), S236\u2013239.","journal-title":"Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"},{"key":"9615_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup337","volume":"12","author":"R Kamdar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kamdar, R., Frain, E., Warburton, F., Richmond, L., Mullan, V., Berriman, T., et al. (2010). A prospective comparison of echocardiography and device algorithms for atrioventricular and interventricular interval optimization in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace, 12, 84\u201391.","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"9615_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus059","volume":"14","author":"P Ritter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ritter, P., Delnoy, P. P., Padeletti, L., Lunati, M., Naegele, H., Borri-Brunetto, A., et al. (2012). A randomized pilot study of optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy in sinus rhythm patients using a peak endocardial acceleration sensor vs. standard methods. Europace, 14, 1324\u20131333.","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"9615_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.07.007","volume":"10","author":"D Birnie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Birnie, D., Lemke, B., Aonuma, K., Krum, H., Lee, K. L., Gasparini, M., et al. (2013). Clinical outcomes with synchronized left ventricular pacing: analysis of the adaptive CRT trial. Heart Rhythm, 10, 1368\u20131374.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"9615_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.966358","volume":"5","author":"CJ Deursen van","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Deursen, C. J., Strik, M., Rademakers, L. M., van Hunnik, A., Kuiper, M., Wecke, L., et al. (2012). Vectorcardiography as a tool for easy optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy in canine left bundle branch block hearts. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 5, 544\u2013552.","journal-title":"Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"},{"key":"9615_CR16","unstructured":"Noble, R. J., Hillis, J. S., Rothbaum, D. A. (1990). Electrocardiology in Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, eds: Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Butterworths pp 164\u2013185."},{"key":"9615_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.23.2993","volume":"99","author":"A Auricchio","year":"1999","unstructured":"Auricchio, A., Stellbrink, C., Block, M., Sack, S., Vogt, J., Bakker, P., et al. (1999). Effect of pacing chamber and atrioventricular delay on acute systolic function of paced patients with congestive heart failure. The Pacing Therapies for Congestive Heart Failure Study Group. The Guidant Congestive Heart Failure Research Group. Circulation, 99, 2993\u20133001.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9615_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.09.007","volume":"4","author":"K Vernooy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vernooy, K., Verbeek, X. A., Cornelussen, R. N., Dijkman, B., Crijns, H. J., Arts, T., et al. (2007). Calculation of effective VV interval facilitates optimization of AV delay and VV interval in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm, 4, 75\u201382.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"9615_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12322","volume":"25","author":"E Arbelo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arbelo, E., Tolosana, J. M., Trucco, E., Penela, D., Borras, R., Doltra, A., et al. (2014). Fusion-optimized intervals (FOI): a new method to achieve the narrowest QRS for optimization of the AV and VV intervals in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 25, 283\u2013292.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"key":"9615_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.08.001","volume":"4","author":"L Wecke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wecke, L., Rubulis, A., Lundahl, G., Rosen, M. R., & Bergfeldt, L. (2007). Right ventricular pacing-induced electrophysiological remodeling in the human heart and its relationship to cardiac memory. Heart Rhythm, 4, 1477\u20131486.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"9615_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euq348","volume":"13","author":"IE Geldorp van","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Geldorp, I. E., Delhaas, T., Hermans, B., Vernooy, K., Broers, B., Klimusina, J., et al. (2011). Comparison of a non-invasive arterial pulse contour technique and echo Doppler aorta velocity-time integral on stroke volume changes in optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace, 13, 87\u201395.","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"9615_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfp107","volume":"11","author":"BW Boeck De","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Boeck, B. W., Teske, A. J., Meine, M., Leenders, G. E., Cramer, M. J., Prinzen, F. W., et al. (2009). Septal rebound stretch reflects the functional substrate to cardiac resynchronization therapy and predicts volumetric and neurohormonal response. European Journal of Heart Failure, 11, 863\u2013871.","journal-title":"European Journal of Heart Failure"},{"key":"9615_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","volume":"1","author":"JM Bland","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1986). Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet, 1, 307\u2013310.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9615_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02085.x","volume":"22","author":"D Tamborero","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tamborero, D., Vidal, B., Tolosana, J. M., Sitges, M., Berruezo, A., Silva, E., et al. (2013). Electrocardiographic versus echocardiographic optimization of the interventricular pacing delay in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 22, 1129\u20131134.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"key":"9615_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.960898","volume":"123","author":"W Zareba","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zareba, W., Klein, H., Cygankiewicz, I., Hall, W. J., McNitt, S., Brown, M., et al. (2011). Effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy by QRS morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). Circulation, 123, 1061\u20131072.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9615_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.11.025","volume":"3","author":"P Jia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jia, P., Ramanathan, C., Ghanem, R. N., Ryu, K., Varma, N., & Rudy, Y. (2006). Electrocardiographic imaging of cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure: observation of variable electrophysiologic responses. Heart Rhythm, 3, 296\u2013310.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"9615_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.01.017","volume":"8","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghosh, S., Silva, J. N., Canham, R. M., Bowman, T. M., Zhang, J., Rhee, E. K., et al. (2011). Electrophysiologic substrate and intraventricular left ventricular dyssynchrony in nonischemic heart failure patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm, 8, 692\u2013699.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"9615_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H968","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00641.2005","volume":"290","author":"XA Verbeek","year":"2006","unstructured":"Verbeek, X. A., Auricchio, A., Yu, Y., Ding, J., Pochet, T., Vernooy, K., et al. (2006). Tailoring cardiac resynchronization therapy using interventricular asynchrony. Validation of a simple model. American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 290, H968\u2013977.","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"9615_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000753","volume":"6","author":"M Strik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strik, M., van Middendorp, L. B., Houthuizen, P., Ploux, S., van Hunnik, A., Kuiper, M., et al. (2013). The interplay of electrical wave fronts as determinant of the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in dyssynchronous canine hearts. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 6, 924\u2013931.","journal-title":"Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"},{"key":"9615_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.01097.x","volume":"31","author":"AD Waggoner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Waggoner, A. D., De Las, F. L., Faddis, M. N., Gleva, M. J., Spence, K. E., & Davila-Roman, V. G. (2008). Left ventricular diastolic filling prior to cardiac resynchronization therapy: implications for atrioventricular delay programming. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 31, 838\u2013844.","journal-title":"Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"},{"key":"9615_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0736(88)90113-6","volume":"21","author":"L Edenbrandt","year":"1988","unstructured":"Edenbrandt, L., & Pahlm, O. (1988). Vectorcardiogram synthesized from a 12-lead ECG: superiority of the inverse Dower matrix. Journal of Electrocardiology, 21, 361\u2013367.","journal-title":"Journal of Electrocardiology"},{"key":"9615_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059647","volume":"11","author":"JA Kors","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kors, J. A., van Herpen, G., Sittig, A. C., & van Bemmel, J. H. (1990). Reconstruction of the Frank vectorcardiogram from standard electrocardiographic leads: diagnostic comparison of different methods. European Heart Journal, 11, 1083\u20131092.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"9615_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2007.06.017","volume":"40","author":"N Varma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Varma, N., Jia, P., & Rudy, Y. (2007). Electrocardiographic imaging of patients with heart failure with left bundle branch block and response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Journal of Electrocardiology, 40, S174\u2013178.","journal-title":"Journal of Electrocardiology"},{"key":"9615_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr094","volume":"13","author":"MD Bogaard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bogaard, M. D., Houthuizen, P., Bracke, F. A., Doevendans, P. A., Prinzen, F. W., Meine, M., et al. (2011). Baseline left ventricular dP\/dtmax rather than the acute improvement in dP\/dtmax predicts clinical outcome in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy. European Journal of Heart Failure, 13, 1126\u20131132.","journal-title":"European Journal of Heart Failure"},{"key":"9615_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000112","volume":"128","author":"FW Prinzen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Prinzen, F. W., Vernooy, K., & Auricchio, A. (2013). Cardiac resynchronization therapy: state-of-the-art of current applications, guidelines, ongoing trials, and areas of controversy. Circulation, 128, 2407\u20132418.","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12265-015-9615-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12265-015-9615-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12265-015-9615-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T18:04:08Z","timestamp":1566410648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12265-015-9615-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12265-015-9615-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1937-5387","1937-5395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1937-5387","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-5395","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}}}