{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:46:16Z","timestamp":1790289976916,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000765","name":"University College London","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exercise training induces morphological and functional cardiovascular adaptation known as the \u201cathlete\u2019s heart\u201d with changes including dilatation, hypertrophy, and increased stroke volume. These changes may overlap with pathological appearances. Distinguishing athletic cardiac remodelling from cardiomyopathy is important and is a frequent medical dilemma. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has a role in clinical care as it can refine discrimination of health from a disease where ECG and echocardiography alone have left or generated uncertainty. CMR can more precisely assess cardiac structure and function as well as characterise the myocardium detecting key changes including myocardial scar and diffuse fibrosis. In this review, we will review the role of CMR in sports cardiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-020-10022-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T18:04:11Z","timestamp":1589997851000},"page":"296-305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Sport Cardiology: a Growing Role in Clinical Dilemmas"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Viviana","family":"Maestrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Torlasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8071-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James C.","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"10022_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv090","volume":"36","author":"S Sharma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma, S., Merghani, A., & Mont, L. (2015). Exercise and the heart: the good, the bad, and the ugly. European Heart Journal, 36, 1445\u20131453.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10022_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316676042","volume":"24","author":"L Mont","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mont, L., Pelliccia, A., Sharma, S., et al. (2017). Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation for athletic participants to prevent sudden death: Position paper from the EHRA and the EACPR, branches of the ESC. Endorsed by APHRS, HRS, and SOLAECE. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 24, 41\u201369.","journal-title":"European Journal of Preventive Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx532","volume":"39","author":"A Pelliccia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pelliccia, A., Caselli, S., Sharma, S., et al. (2018). European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) joint position statement: Recommendations for the indication and interpretation of cardiovascular imaging in the evaluation of the athlete\u2019s heart. European Heart Journal, 39, 1949\u20131969.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10022_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0389-8","volume":"19","author":"DR Messroghli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Messroghli, D. R., Moon, J. C., Ferreira, V. M., et al. (2017). Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 19, 75.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance"},{"key":"10022_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10332","volume":"18","author":"M Westwood","year":"2003","unstructured":"Westwood, M., Anderson, L. J., Firmin, D. N., et al. (2003). A single breath-hold multiecho T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance technique for diagnosis of myocardial iron overload. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 18, 33\u201339.","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-14-42","volume":"14","author":"VM Ferreira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferreira, V. M., Piechnik, S. K., Dall\u2019Armellina, E., et al. (2012). Non-contrast T1-mapping detects acute myocardial edema with high diagnostic accuracy: A comparison to T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 14, 42.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance"},{"key":"10022_CR7","first-page":"1673","volume":"12","author":"S Nordin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nordin, S., Kozor, R., Medina-Menacho, K., et al. (2019). Proposed stages of myocardial phenotype development in fabry disease. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, 12, 1673\u20131683.","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-10-42","volume":"10","author":"B Modell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Modell, B., Khan, M., Darlison, M., Westwood, M. A., Ingram, D., & Pennell, D. J. (2008). Improved survival of thalassaemia major in the UK and relation to T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 10, 42.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance"},{"key":"10022_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-11-56","volume":"11","author":"S Giri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giri, S., Chung, Y. C., Merchant, A., et al. (2009). T2 quantification for improved detection of myocardial edema. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 11, 56.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance"},{"key":"10022_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.000192","volume":"6","author":"CA Miller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miller, C. A., Naish, J. H., Bishop, P., et al. (2013). Comprehensive validation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques for the assessment of myocardial extracellular volume. Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging, 6, 373\u2013383.","journal-title":"Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.003579","volume":"9","author":"AK McDiarmid","year":"2016","unstructured":"McDiarmid, A. K., Swoboda, P. P., Erhayiem, B., et al. (2016). Athletic cardiac adaptation in males is a consequence of elevated myocyte mass. Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging, 9, e003579.","journal-title":"Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR12","first-page":"1260","volume":"11","author":"E Tahir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tahir, E., Starekova, J., Muellerleile, K., et al. (2018). Myocardial fibrosis in competitive triathletes detected by contrast-enhanced cmr correlates with exercise-induced hypertension and competition history. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, 11, 1260\u20131270.","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026964","volume":"136","author":"A Merghani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Merghani, A., Maestrini, V., Rosmini, S., et al. (2017). Prevalence of subclinical coronary artery disease in masters endurance athletes with a low atherosclerotic risk profile. Circulation, 136, 126\u2013137.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10022_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"O38","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-18-S1-O38","volume":"18","author":"VMA Maestrini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maestrini, V. M. A., Rosmini, S., et al. (2016). CMR findings in high endurance veteran athletes - A 247 subject study. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 18, O38.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance"},{"key":"10022_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022783","volume":"349","author":"BJ Maron","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maron, B. J. (2003). Sudden death in young athletes. The New England Journal of Medicine, 349, 1064\u20131075.","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10022_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.077669","volume":"46","author":"NH Prakken","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prakken, N. H., Teske, A. J., Cramer, M. J., et al. (2012). Head-to-head comparison between echocardiography and cardiac MRI in the evaluation of the athlete\u2019s heart. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46, 348\u2013354.","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10022_CR17","first-page":"1755","volume":"12","author":"F D'Ascenzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"D'Ascenzi, F., Anselmi, F., Piu, P., et al. (2019). Cardiac magnetic resonance normal reference values of biventricular size and function in male athlete\u2019s heart. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, 12, 1755\u20131765.","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.015","volume":"45","author":"JH Mitchell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mitchell, J. H., Haskell, W., Snell, P., & Van Camp, S. P. (2005). Task Force 8: classification of sports. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45, 1364\u20131367.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101313240504","volume":"324","author":"A Pelliccia","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pelliccia, A., Maron, B. J., Spataro, A., Proschan, M. A., & Spirito, P. (1991). The upper limit of physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in highly trained elite athletes. The New England Journal of Medicine, 324, 295\u2013301.","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10022_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.5.1596","volume":"91","author":"BJ Maron","year":"1995","unstructured":"Maron, B. J., Pelliccia, A., & Spirito, P. (1995). Cardiac disease in young trained athletes. Insights into methods for distinguishing athlete's heart from structural heart disease, with particular emphasis on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation, 91, 1596\u20131601.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10022_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.006","volume":"54","author":"MS Maron","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maron, M. S., Maron, B. J., Harrigan, C., et al. (2009). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype revisited after 50 years with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 54, 220\u2013228.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.05.061","volume":"100","author":"MS Maron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maron, M. S., Hauser, T. H., Dubrow, E., et al. (2007). Right ventricular involvement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The American Journal of Cardiology, 100, 1293\u20131298.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.01.054","volume":"183","author":"AS Flett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Flett, A. S., Maestrini, V., Milliken, D., et al. (2015). Diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: T-wave inversion and relative but not absolute apical left ventricular hypertrophy. International Journal of Cardiology, 183, 143\u2013148.","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.10.032","volume":"101","author":"CJ Harrigan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harrigan, C. J., Appelbaum, E., Maron, B. J., et al. (2008). Significance of papillary muscle abnormalities identified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The American Journal of Cardiology, 101, 668\u2013673.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu154","volume":"35","author":"C Gruner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gruner, C., Chan, R. H., Crean, A., et al. (2014). Significance of left ventricular apical-basal muscle bundle identified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. European Heart Journal, 35, 2706\u20132713.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10022_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.972760","volume":"5","author":"MS Maron","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maron, M. S., Rowin, E. J., Lin, D., et al. (2012). Prevalence and clinical profile of myocardial crypts in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging, 5, 441\u2013447.","journal-title":"Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.02.054","volume":"67","author":"PP Swoboda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Swoboda, P. P., McDiarmid, A. K., Erhayiem, B., et al. (2016). Assessing myocardial extracellular volume by T1 mapping to distinguish hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from athlete\u2019s heart. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 67, 2189\u20132190.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029895","volume":"136","author":"TA Treibel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Treibel, T. A., Kozor, R., Menacho, K., et al. (2017). Left ventricular hypertrophy revisited: Cell and matrix expansion have disease-specific relationships. Circulation, 136, 2519\u20132521.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10022_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camaioni C, Knott KD, Augusto JB, et al. (2019). Inline perfusion mapping provides insights into the disease mechanism in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart.","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315848"},{"key":"10022_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.009417","volume":"12","author":"PP Swoboda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Swoboda, P. P., Garg, P., Levelt, E., et al. (2019). Regression of left ventricular mass in athletes undergoing complete detraining is mediated by decrease in intracellular but not extracellular compartments. Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging, 12, e009417.","journal-title":"Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm342","volume":"29","author":"P Elliott","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elliott, P., Andersson, B., Arbustini, E., et al. (2008). Classification of the cardiomyopathies: A position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. European Heart Journal, 29, 270\u2013276.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10022_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv727","volume":"37","author":"YM Pinto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pinto, Y. M., Elliott, P. M., Arbustini, E., et al. (2016). Proposal for a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy, hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy, and its implications for clinical practice: A position statement of the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. European Heart Journal, 37, 1850\u20131858.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10022_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez178","volume":"20","author":"E Donal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Donal, E., Delgado, V., Bucciarelli-Ducci, C., et al. (2019). Multimodality imaging in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of patients with dilated cardiomyopathies: An expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging, 20, 1075\u20131093.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.06.022","volume":"108","author":"M Petretta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Petretta, M., Pirozzi, F., Sasso, L., Paglia, A., & Bonaduce, D. (2011). Review and metaanalysis of the frequency of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. The American Journal of Cardiology, 108, 1171\u20131176.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.105","volume":"10","author":"RE Hershberger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hershberger, R. E., Hedges, D. J., & Morales, A. (2013). Dilated cardiomyopathy: The complexity of a diverse genetic architecture. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 10, 531\u2013547.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002149","volume":"4","author":"A Spezzacatene","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spezzacatene, A., Sinagra, G., Merlo, M., et al. (2015). Arrhythmogenic phenotype in dilated cardiomyopathy: natural history and predictors of life-threatening arrhythmias. Journal of the American Heart Association, 4, e002149.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"10022_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.09.019","volume":"16","author":"JA Towbin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Towbin, J. A., McKenna, W. J., Abrams, D. J., et al. (2019). 2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: Executive summary. Heart Rhythm, 16, e373\u2013e407.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10022_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.1363","volume":"309","author":"A Gulati","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gulati, A., Jabbour, A., Ismail, T. F., et al. (2013). Association of fibrosis with mortality and sudden cardiac death in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. JAMA, 309, 896\u2013908.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10022_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090520","volume":"46","author":"T Luijkx","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luijkx, T., Cramer, M. J., Prakken, N. H., et al. (2012). Sport category is an important determinant of cardiac adaptation: An MRI study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46, 1119\u20131124.","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10022_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02633-5","volume":"41","author":"WB Abernethy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abernethy, W. B., Choo, J. K., & Hutter Jr., A. M. (2003). Echocardiographic characteristics of professional football players. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41, 280\u2013284.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000054","volume":"63","author":"ZV Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, Z. V., Li, D. L., & Hill, J. A. (2014). Heart failure and loss of metabolic control. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 63, 302\u2013313.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology"},{"key":"10022_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0322-1","volume":"19","author":"TT Le","year":"2017","unstructured":"Le, T. T., Bryant, J. A., Ting, A. E., et al. (2017). Assessing exercise cardiac reserve using real-time cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 19, 7.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance"},{"key":"10022_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.980037","volume":"6","author":"A La Gerche","year":"2013","unstructured":"La Gerche, A., Claessen, G., Van de Bruaene, A., et al. (2013). Cardiac MRI: A new gold standard for ventricular volume quantification during high-intensity exercise. Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging, 6, 329\u2013338.","journal-title":"Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev216","volume":"17","author":"I Mordi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mordi, I., Carrick, D., Bezerra, H., & Tzemos, N. (2016). T1 and T2 mapping for early diagnosis of dilated non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy in middle-aged patients and differentiation from normal physiological adaptation. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging, 17, 797\u2013803.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.83.5.588","volume":"83","author":"D Corrado","year":"2000","unstructured":"Corrado, D., Basso, C., & Thiene, G. (2000). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: Diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Heart, 83, 588\u2013595.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10022_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1509267","volume":"376","author":"D Corrado","year":"2017","unstructured":"Corrado, D., Link, M. S., & Calkins, H. (2017). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. The New England Journal of Medicine, 376, 61\u201372.","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10022_CR47","unstructured":"Corrado, D., van Tintelen, P. J., McKenna, W. J., et al. (2019). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: Evaluation of the current diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis. European Heart Journal."},{"key":"10022_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.71.3.215","volume":"71","author":"WJ McKenna","year":"1994","unstructured":"McKenna, W. J., Thiene, G., Nava, A., et al. (1994). Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia\/cardiomyopathy. Task Force of the Working Group Myocardial and Pericardial Disease of the European Society of Cardiology and of the Scientific Council on Cardiomyopathies of the International Society and Federation of Cardiology. British Heart Journal, 71, 215\u2013218.","journal-title":"British Heart Journal"},{"key":"10022_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.840827","volume":"121","author":"FI Marcus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marcus, F. I., McKenna, W. J., Sherrill, D., et al. (2010). Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy\/dysplasia: Proposed modification of the task force criteria. Circulation, 121, 1533\u20131541.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10022_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00332-X","volume":"30","author":"D Corrado","year":"1997","unstructured":"Corrado, D., Basso, C., Thiene, G., et al. (1997). Spectrum of clinicopathologic manifestations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy\/dysplasia: A multicenter study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 30, 1512\u20131520.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.13.1593","volume":"296","author":"D Corrado","year":"2006","unstructured":"Corrado, D., Basso, C., Pavei, A., Michieli, P., Schiavon, M., & Thiene, G. (2006). Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparticipation screening program. JAMA, 296, 1593\u20131601.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10022_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.03.002","volume":"42","author":"D Corrado","year":"2003","unstructured":"Corrado, D., Basso, C., Rizzoli, G., Schiavon, M., & Thiene, G. (2003). Does sports activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 42, 1959\u20131963.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31820607a3","volume":"43","author":"A La Gerche","year":"2011","unstructured":"La Gerche, A., Heidbuchel, H., Burns, A. T., et al. (2011). Disproportionate exercise load and remodeling of the athlete's right ventricle. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43, 974\u2013981.","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"10022_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.09.070","volume":"7","author":"B Bauce","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bauce, B., Nava, A., Beffagna, G., et al. (2010). Multiple mutations in desmosomal proteins encoding genes in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy\/dysplasia. Heart Rhythm, 7, 22\u201329.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10022_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.11.020","volume":"55","author":"T Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu, T., Yang, Z., Vatta, M., et al. (2010). Compound and digenic heterozygosity contributes to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55, 587\u2013597.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.976936","volume":"123","author":"G Quarta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Quarta, G., Muir, A., Pantazis, A., et al. (2011). Familial evaluation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: Impact of genetics and revised task force criteria. Circulation, 123, 2701\u20132709.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10022_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.624502","volume":"114","author":"P Kirchhof","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kirchhof, P., Fabritz, L., Zwiener, M., et al. (2006). Age- and training-dependent development of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in heterozygous plakoglobin-deficient mice. Circulation, 114, 1799\u20131806.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10022_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-16","volume":"15","author":"G Quarta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Quarta, G., Husain, S. I., Flett, A. S., et al. (2013). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy mimics: Role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 15, 16.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance"},{"key":"10022_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.11.017","volume":"53","author":"M Pieroni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pieroni, M., Dello Russo, A., Marzo, F., et al. (2009). High prevalence of myocarditis mimicking arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy differential diagnosis by electroanatomic mapping-guided endomyocardial biopsy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53, 681\u2013689.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2009.01479.x","volume":"21","author":"GA Ladyjanskaia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ladyjanskaia, G. A., Basso, C., Hobbelink, M. G., et al. (2010). Sarcoid myocarditis with ventricular tachycardia mimicking ARVD\/C. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 21, 94\u201398.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"key":"10022_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092420","volume":"48","author":"M Brosnan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brosnan, M., La Gerche, A., Kalman, J., et al. (2014). The Seattle Criteria increase the specificity of preparticipation ECG screening among elite athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48, 1144\u20131150.","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10022_CR62","first-page":"385","volume":"10","author":"F D'Ascenzi","year":"2017","unstructured":"D'Ascenzi, F., Pisicchio, C., Caselli, S., Di Paolo, F. M., Spataro, A., & Pelliccia, A. (2017). RV remodeling in olympic athletes. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, 10, 385\u2013393.","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.04.035","volume":"65","author":"A Zaidi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zaidi, A., Sheikh, N., Jongman, J. K., et al. (2015). Clinical differentiation between physiological remodeling and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in athletes with marked electrocardiographic repolarization anomalies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 65, 2702\u20132711.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-303418","volume":"99","author":"S Gati","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gati, S., Chandra, N., Bennett, R. L., et al. (2013). Increased left ventricular trabeculation in highly trained athletes: Do we need more stringent criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction in athletes? Heart, 99, 401\u2013408.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10022_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0512-2","volume":"46","author":"EE Coris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coris, E. E., Moran, B. K., De Cuba, R., Farrar, T., & Curtis, A. B. (2016). Left ventricular non-compaction in athletes: To play or not to play. Sports Medicine, 46, 1249\u20131259.","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10022_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-018-0698-8","volume":"20","author":"M Abela","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abela, M., & D'Silva, A. (2018). Left ventricular trabeculations in athletes: Epiphenomenon or phenotype of disease? Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine, 20, 100.","journal-title":"Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine"},{"key":"10022_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61282-4","volume":"386","author":"JA Towbin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Towbin, J. A., Lorts, A., & Jefferies, J. L. (2015). Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Lancet, 386, 813\u2013825.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10022_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091855","volume":"48","author":"HV Ganga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ganga, H. V., & Thompson, P. D. (2014). Sports participation in non-compaction cardiomyopathy: A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48, 1466\u20131471.","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10022_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.07.288","volume":"176","author":"B Poscolieri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Poscolieri, B., Bianco, M., Vessella, T., Gervasi, S., Palmieri, V., & Zeppilli, P. (2014). Identification of benign form of ventricular non-compaction in competitive athletes by multiparametric evaluation. International Journal of Cardiology, 176, 1134\u20131136.","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10022_CR70","first-page":"1266","volume":"7","author":"S Gati","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gati, S., Rajani, R., Carr-White, G. S., & Chambers, J. B. (2014). Adult left ventricular noncompaction: Reappraisal of current diagnostic imaging modalities. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, 7, 1266\u20131275.","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10022_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008554","volume":"130","author":"S Gati","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gati, S., Papadakis, M., Papamichael, N. D., et al. (2014). Reversible de novo left ventricular trabeculations in pregnant women: Implications for the diagnosis of left ventricular noncompaction in low-risk populations. Circulation, 130, 475\u2013483.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10022_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zorzi, A., Perazzolo Marra, M., Rigato, I., et al. (2016). Nonischemic left ventricular scar as a substrate of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in competitive athletes. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 9.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.116.004229"},{"key":"10022_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094546","volume":"50","author":"F Schnell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schnell, F., Claessen, G., La Gerche, A., et al. (2016). Subepicardial delayed gadolinium enhancement in asymptomatic athletes: Let sleeping dogs lie? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50, 111\u2013117.","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10022_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dores H, de Araujo Goncalves P, Monge J, et al. (2018). Subclinical coronary artery disease in veteran athletes: Is a new preparticipation methodology required? British Journal of Sports Medicine.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099840"},{"key":"10022_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027834","volume":"136","author":"VL Aengevaeren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aengevaeren, V. L., Mosterd, A., Braber, T. L., et al. (2017). Relationship between lifelong exercise volume and coronary atherosclerosis in athletes. Circulation, 136, 138\u2013148.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10022_CR76","first-page":"965","volume":"10","author":"G Finocchiaro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Finocchiaro, G., Dhutia, H., D\u2019Silva, A., et al. (2017). Effect of sex and sporting discipline on LV adaptation to exercise. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, 10, 965\u2013972.","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12265-020-10022-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12265-020-10022-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12265-020-10022-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T08:02:28Z","timestamp":1621497748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12265-020-10022-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12265-020-10022-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1937-5387","1937-5395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1937-5387","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-5395","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}