{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T09:39:29Z","timestamp":1785231569915,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001636","name":"University College Cork","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Existing risk stratification methods in cardiothoracic surgery do not use pre-operative bicarbonate levels. We investigate if these levels carry predictive value when compared with demographic, hematologic, and other renal function indicators. We used the MIMIC-IV database to identify 11,261 patients on the cardiothoracic surgery unit who underwent ICD-9 or ICD-10 coded cardiac procedures. 30-day mortality was then modeled with respect to these indicators. Minimum pre-operative bicarbonate level is an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality post-cardiothoracic surgery (\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$p=0.005$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      ). The lowest quartile with respect to bicarbonate had increased mortality compared to all other quartiles, suggesting that patients may be classified into high- or low-risk based on bicarbonate lesser or greater than 20 mmol\/L. Minimum pre-operative bicarbonate levels carry predictive information with respect to post-operative mortality. Bicarbonate could be considered alongside existing risk stratification methods in addition to other renal function indicators to improve risk stratification.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-026-10791-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:02:24Z","timestamp":1783951344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Is Preoperative Serum Bicarbonate an Undervalued Risk Factor in Cardiac Surgery?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2598-6837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wesley","family":"Chorney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hinchion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10791_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(03)00273-3","volume":"134","author":"JB Dimick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dimick JB, Pronovost PJ, Cowan JA Jr, Lipsett PA, Stanley JC, Upchurch GR Jr. Variation in postoperative complication rates after high-risk surgery in the United States. 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Access to the database was granted after completion of the required training course (\u201cProtecting Human Research Participants,\u201d National Institutes of Health) and signing of the data use agreement. The database has been de-identified in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and therefore the use of the data is exempt from institutional review board approval. No additional patient consent was required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study did not involve the collection of identifiable individual data.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study used the de-identified MIMIC-IV database. All data are publicly available and access is granted only to certified users who have completed the required training and signed the data use agreement. Therefore, no individual patient consent was required.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"No human studies were carried out by the authors for this article.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human Subjects\/Informed Consent Statement"}}],"article-number":"89"}}