{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:20:35Z","timestamp":1777933235037,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]],"date-time":"2014-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch. Pharm. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-014-0345-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T09:41:59Z","timestamp":1397468519000},"page":"1487-1495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Anti-inflammatory effects of methyl ursolate obtained from a chemically derived crude extract of apple peels: potential use in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Tatiana A.","family":"P\u00e1dua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca S. S. C.","family":"de Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thadeu E. M. M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos J.","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00edgia M. M.","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria das Gra\u00e7as","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio C.","family":"Siani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine C.","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"345_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2005.11.005","volume":"53","author":"SF Ahmad","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ahmad, S.F., B. Khan, S. Bani, K.A. Suri, N.K. Satti, and G.N. Qazi. 2006. Amelioration of adjuvant-induced arthritis by ursolic acid through altered Th1\/Th2 cytokine production. Pharmacological Research 53: 233\u2013240.","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"key":"345_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939578","volume":"39","author":"DL Asquith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Asquith, D.L., A.M. Miller, I.B. Mcinnes, and F.Y. Liew. 2009. Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. European Journal of Immunology 39: 2040\u20132044.","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"345_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557033487917","volume":"3","author":"I Baglin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baglin, I., A.C. Mitaine-Offer, M. Nour, K. Tan, C. Cav\u00e9, and M.A. Lacaille-Dubois. 2003. A review of natural and modified betulinic, ursolic and echinocystic acid derivatives as potential antitumor and anti-HIV agents. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 3: 525\u2013539.","journal-title":"Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"345_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00396-2","volume":"75","author":"D Baricevic","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baricevic, D., S. Sosa, R. Della Loggia, A. Tubaro, B. Simonovska, A. Krasna, and A. Zupancic. 2001. Topical anti-inflammatory activity of Salvia officinalis L. leaves: the relevance of ursolic acid. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 75: 125\u2013132.","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"345_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2005.10.018","volume":"67","author":"K Bringe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bringe, K., C.F. Schumacher, M. Schmitz-Eiberger, U. Steiner, and E.C. Oerke. 2006. Ontogenetic variation in chemical and physical characteristics of adaxial apple leaf surfaces. Phytochemistry 67: 161\u2013170.","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"345_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(02)00165-4","volume":"82","author":"D Chattopadhyay","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chattopadhyay, D., G. Arunachalam, A.B. Mandal, T.K. Sur, S.C. Mandal, and S.K. Bhattacharya. 2002. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of folklore: Mallotus peltatus leaf extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 82: 229\u2013237.","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"345_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaves, H.V., R.E.A. Ribeiro, A.M. De Souza, A.A. Rodrigues E Silva, A.S. Gomes, M.L. Vale, M.M. Bezerra, and G.A. Brito. 2011. Experimental model of zymosan-induced arthritis in the rat temporomandibular joint: Role of nitric oxide and neutrophils. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011: 707985.","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/707985"},{"key":"345_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31318","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031318","volume":"7","author":"R Checker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Checker, R., S.K. Sandur, D. Sharma, R.S. Patwardhan, S. Jayakumar, V. Kohli, G. Sethi, B.B. Aggarwal, and K.B. Sainis. 2012. Potent anti-inflammatory activity of ursolic acid, a triterpenoid antioxidant, is mediated through suppression of NF-\u03baB, AP-1 and NF-AT. PLoS One 7: e31318.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"345_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2010.00067","volume":"16","author":"G Ferraccioli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ferraccioli, G., L. Bracci-Laudiero, S. Alivernini, E. Gremese, B. Tolusso, and F. De Benedetti. 2010. Interleukin-1\u03b2 and interleukin-6 in arthritis animal models: roles in the early phase of transition from acute to chronic inflammation and relevance for human rheumatoid arthritis. Molecular Medicine 16: 552\u2013557.","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"345_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R370","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1494","volume":"7","author":"ME Frasnelli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Frasnelli, M.E., D. Tarussio, V. Chobaz-P\u00e9clat, N. Busso, and A. So. 2005. TLR2 modulates inflammation in zymosan-induced arthritis in mice. Arthritis Research & Therapy 7: R370\u2013R379.","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"key":"345_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/14756360802204870","volume":"23","author":"SC Gnoatto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gnoatto, S.C., L.D. Vechia, C.L. Lencina, A. Dassonville-Klimpt, S.D. Nascimento, D. Mossalayi, J. Guillon, G. Gosmann, and P. Sonnet. 2008. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of new ursolic and oleanolic acids derivatives as antileishmanial agents. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 23: 604\u2013610.","journal-title":"Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"345_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.10.023","volume":"674","author":"AT Guerrero","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guerrero, A.T., T.M. Cunha, W.A. Verri, R.T. Gazzinelli, M.M. Teixeira, F.Q. Cunha, and S.H. Ferreira. 2012. Toll-like receptor 2\/MyD88 signaling mediates zymosan-induced joint hypernociception in mice: participation of TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2 and CXCL1\/KC. European Journal of Pharmacology 674: 51\u201357.","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"345_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4366","DOI":"10.1021\/jf063563o","volume":"55","author":"X He","year":"2007","unstructured":"He, X., and R.H. Liu. 2007. Triterpenoids isolated from apple peels have potent antiproliferative activity and may be partially responsible for apple\u2019s anticancer activity. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 55: 4366\u20134370.","journal-title":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"345_CR14","first-page":"243","volume":"20","author":"MG Henriques","year":"1987","unstructured":"Henriques, M.G., P.M. Silva, M.A. Martins, C.A. Flores, F.Q. Cunha, J. Assreuy-Filho, and R.S. Cordeiro. 1987. Mouse paw edema. A new model for inflammation? Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 20: 243\u2013249.","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research"},{"key":"345_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14671.x","volume":"99","author":"MGMO Henriques","year":"1990","unstructured":"Henriques, M.G.M.O., V.B. Weg, M.A. Martins, P.M.R. Silva, P.D. Fernandes, R.S.B. Cordeiro, and B.B. Vargaftig. 1990. Differential inhibition by 2 hetrazepine Paf antagonists of acute-inflammation in the mouse. British Journal of Pharmacology 99: 164\u2013168.","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"345_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9590175","volume":"12","author":"FE Huelin","year":"1959","unstructured":"Huelin, F.E. 1959. Studies in the natural coating of apples. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 12: 175\u2013180.","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"345_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700389","volume":"52","author":"Y Ikeda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ikeda, Y., A. Murakami, and H. Ohigashi. 2008. Ursolic acid: An anti- and pro-inflammatory triterpenoid. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 52: 26\u201342.","journal-title":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research"},{"key":"345_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1211\/002235702320266316","volume":"54","author":"H Ismaili","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ismaili, H., S. Sosa, D. Brkic, S. Fkih-Tetouani, A. Ilidrissi, D. Touati, R.P. Aquino, and A. Tubaro. 2002. Topical anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and compounds from Thymus broussonettii. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 54: 1137\u20131140.","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"key":"345_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02976156","volume":"20","author":"IJ Jin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jin, I.J., Y.I. Ko, Y.M. Kim, and S.K. Han. 1997. Solubilization of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid by cosolvency. Archives of Pharmacal Research 20: 269\u2013274.","journal-title":"Archives of Pharmacal Research"},{"key":"345_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules13123224","volume":"13","author":"S J\u00e4ger","year":"2008","unstructured":"J\u00e4ger, S., M.N. Laszczyk, and A. Scheffler. 2008a. A preliminary pharmacokinetic study of betulin, the main pentacyclic triterpene from extract of outer bark of birch (Betulae alba cortex). Molecules 13: 3224\u20133235.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"345_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00e4ger, S., M.N. Laszczyk, C.M. Str\u00fch, S.F. Martin, C.M. Schempp, and A. Scheffler. 2008b. Triterpenes from natural sources for parenteral and topical application. Planta Medica 74: 1119.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1084655"},{"key":"345_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-967106","volume":"73","author":"S J\u00e4ger","year":"2007","unstructured":"J\u00e4ger, S., K. Winkler, U. Pf\u00fcller, and A. Scheffler. 2007. Solubility studies of oleanolic acid and betulinic acid in aqueous solutions and plant extracts of Viscum album L. Planta Medica 73: 157\u2013162.","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"345_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, S.Y., S.Y. Yoon, D.H. Roh, M.J. Jeon, H.S. Seo, D.K. Uh, Y.B. Kwon, H.W. Kim, H.J. Han, H.J. Lee, and J.H. Lee. 2008. The anti-arthritic effect of ursolic acid on zymosan-induced acute inflammation and adjuvant-induced chronic arthritis models. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 60: 1347\u20131354.","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.60.10.0011"},{"key":"345_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keystone, E.C., H.U. Schorlemmer, C. Pope, and A.C. Allison. 1977. Zymosan-induced arthritis: A model of chronic proliferative arthritis following activation of the alternative pathway of complement. Arthritis and Rheumatism 20: 1396\u20131401.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200714"},{"key":"345_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1126\/science.208.4447.990","volume":"208","author":"PE Kolattukudy","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kolattukudy, P.E. 1980. Biopolyester membranes of plants: Cutin and suberin. Science 208: 990\u20131000.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"345_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-951723","volume":"72","author":"M Laszczyk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laszczyk, M., S. J\u00e4ger, B. Simon-Haarhaus, A. Scheffler, and C.M. Schempp. 2006. Physical, chemical and pharmacological characterization of a new oleogel-forming triterpene extract from the outer bark of birch (betulae cortex). Planta Medica 72: 1389\u20131395.","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"345_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.09.019","volume":"188","author":"J Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee, J., S.T. Yee, J.J. Kim, M.S. Choi, E.Y. Kwon, K.I. Seo, and M.K. Lee. 2010. Ursolic acid ameliorates thymic atrophy and hyperglycemia in streptozotocin\u2013nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice. Chemico-Biological Interactions 188: 635\u2013642.","journal-title":"Chemico-Biological Interactions"},{"key":"345_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.05.024","volume":"100","author":"J Liu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liu, J. 2005. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid: Research perspectives. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 100: 92\u201394.","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"345_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2005.01.001","volume":"40","author":"CM Ma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ma, C.M., S.Q. Cai, J.R. Cui, R.Q. Wang, P.F. Tu, M. Hattori, and M. Daneshtalab. 2005. The cytotoxic activity of ursolic acid derivatives. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 40: 582\u2013589.","journal-title":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"345_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.11.024","volume":"97","author":"N Miceli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miceli, N., M.F. Taviano, D. Giuffrida, A. Trovato, O. Tzakou, and E.M. Galati. 2005. Anti-inflammatory activity of extract and fractions from Nepeta sibthorpii Bentham. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 97: 261\u2013266.","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"345_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-34929","volume":"68","author":"AC Mitaine-Offer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mitaine-Offer, A.C., W. Hornebeck, M. Sauvain, and M. Z\u00e8ches-Hanrot. 2002. Triterpenes and phytosterols as human leucocyte elastase inhibitors. Planta Medica 68: 930\u2013932.","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"345_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06663-3","volume":"43","author":"S Moncada","year":"1991","unstructured":"Moncada, S., R.M. Palmer, and E.A. Higgs. 1991. Nitric oxide: Physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacological Reviews 43: 109\u2013142.","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reviews"},{"key":"345_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1595","volume":"18","author":"JH Park","year":"2004","unstructured":"Park, J.H., K.H. Son, S.W. Kim, H.W. Chang, K. Bae, S.S. Kang, and H.P. Kim. 2004. Antiinflammatory activity of Synurus deltoides. Phytotherapy Research 18: 930\u2013933.","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Research"},{"key":"345_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-006-5161-8","volume":"55","author":"C Penido","year":"2006","unstructured":"Penido, C., F.P. Conte, M.S. Chagas, C.A. Rodrigues, J.F. Pereira, and M.G. Henriques. 2006. Antiinflammatory effects of natural tetranortriterpenoids isolated from Carapa guianensis Aublet on zymosan-induced arthritis in mice. Inflammation Research 55: 457\u2013464.","journal-title":"Inflammation Research"},{"key":"345_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.11.006","volume":"148","author":"LG Pinto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pinto, L.G., T.M. Cunha, S.M. Vieira, H.P. Lemos, W.A. Verri, F.Q. Cunha, and S.H. Ferreira. 2010. IL-17 mediates articular hypernociception in antigen-induced arthritis in mice. Pain 148: 247\u2013256.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"345_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/mrc.1214","volume":"41","author":"W Seebacher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seebacher, W., N. Simic, R. Wels, R. Saf, and O. Kunert. 2003. Complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR resonances of oleanolic acid, 18-\u03b1-oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and their 11-oxo derivatives. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 41: 636\u2013638.","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry"},{"key":"345_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623311428478","volume":"40","author":"WC Song","year":"2012","unstructured":"Song, W.C. 2012. Crosstalk between complement and toll-like receptors. Toxicologic Pathology 40: 174\u2013182.","journal-title":"Toxicologic Pathology"},{"key":"345_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2174\/187152312803476264","volume":"11","author":"N Sultana","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sultana, N., and Z.S. Saify. 2012. Naturally occurring and synthetic agents as potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulants. Antiinflammatory & Antiallergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 11: 3\u201319.","journal-title":"Antiinflammatory & Antiallergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"345_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szakiel, A., C. P\u0105czkowski, F. Pensec, and C. Bertsch. 2012. Fruit cuticular waxes as a source of biologically active triterpenoids. Phytochemistry Reviews 11: 263\u2013284. doi: 10.1007\/s11101-012-9241-9 .","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-012-9241-9"},{"key":"345_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takeoka, G., L. Dao, R. Teranishi, R. Wong, S. Flessa, L. Harden, and R. Edwards. 2000. Identification of three triterpenoids in almond hulls. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48: 3437\u20133439.","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9908289"},{"key":"345_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/44605","volume":"401","author":"DM Underhill","year":"1999","unstructured":"Underhill, D.M., A. Ozinsky, A.M. Hajjar, A. Stevens, C.B. Wilson, M. Bassetti, and A. Aderem. 1999. The Toll-like receptor 2 is recruited to macrophage phagosomes and discriminates between pathogens. Nature 401: 811\u2013815.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"345_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1998.0376","volume":"10","author":"I Utsunomiya","year":"1998","unstructured":"Utsunomiya, I., M. Ito, and S. Oh-Ishi. 1998. Generation of inflammatory cytokines in zymosan-induced pleurisy in rats: TNF induces IL-6 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) in vivo. Cytokine 10: 956\u2013963.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"345_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.04.001","volume":"112","author":"WA Verri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Verri, W.A., T.M. Cunha, C.A. Parada, S. Poole, F.Q. Cunha, and S.H. Ferreira. 2006. Hypernociceptive role of cytokines and chemokines: Targets for analgesic drug development? Pharmacology & Therapeutics 112: 116\u2013138.","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"345_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1248\/jhs.54.654","volume":"54","author":"H Yamaguchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, H., T. Noshita, Y. Kidachi, H. Umetsu, M. Hayashi, K. Komiyama, S. Funayama, and K. Ryoyama. 2008. Isolation of ursolic acid from apple peels and its specific efficacy as a potent antitumor agent. Journal of Health Science 54: 654\u2013660.","journal-title":"Journal of Health Science"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"345_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2770521","volume":"277","author":"QL Ying","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ying, Q.L., A.R. Rinehart, S.R. Simon, and J.C. Cheronis. 1991. Inhibition of human leucocyte elastase by ursolic acid. Evidence for a binding site for pentacyclic triterpenes. Biochemical Journal 277(Pt 2): 521\u2013526.","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"345_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmermann, M. 1983. Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals. Pain 16: 109\u2013110.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90201-4"}],"container-title":["Archives of Pharmacal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12272-014-0345-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12272-014-0345-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12272-014-0345-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T10:47:32Z","timestamp":1746182852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12272-014-0345-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12272-014-0345-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0253-6269","1976-3786"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0253-6269","type":"print"},{"value":"1976-3786","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]}}}