{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:07:21Z","timestamp":1789834041376,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kidney Foundation of Thailand","award":["1196\/2564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1196\/2564"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010731","name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115-2564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115-2564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch. Pharm. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-025-01549-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T07:55:24Z","timestamp":1747641324000},"page":"549-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Associations between the gut microbiota and the metabolism rate of tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients during the early posttransplant period"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Nahathai","family":"Dukaew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kajohnsak","family":"Noppakun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patcharawadee","family":"Thongkumkoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingkwan","family":"\u0e4cNa Takuathung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratchanon","family":"Inpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattharinee","family":"Kongta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naruemon","family":"Suyayai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chalongrat","family":"Manoree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4649-597X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nut","family":"Koonrungsesomboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1549_CR1","unstructured":"Andrews S (2010) FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data. In: Babraham Bioinformatics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. https:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc Accessed 20 May 2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"1549_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03815.x","volume":"71","author":"KA Barraclough","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barraclough KA, Isbel NM, Kirkpatrick CM, Lee KJ, Taylor PJ, Johnson DW, Campbell SB, Leary DR, Staatz CE (2011) Evaluation of limited sampling methods for estimation of tacrolimus exposure in adult kidney transplant recipients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 71(2):207\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03815.x","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1549_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295205","volume":"19","author":"A Bellini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bellini A, Finocchietti M, Rosa AC, Nordio M, Ferroni E, Massari M, Spila Alegiani S, Masiero L, Bedeschi G, Cardillo M, Lucenteforte E, Piccolo G, Leoni O, Pierobon S, Ledda S, Garau D, Davoli M, Addis A, Belleudi V (2024) Effectiveness and safety of immunosuppressive regimens used as maintenance therapy in kidney transplantation: the CESIT study. PLoS ONE 19(1):e0295205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0295205","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1549_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Ser B 57(1):289\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B"},{"issue":"8","key":"1549_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","volume":"37","author":"E Bolyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bolyen E, Rideout JR, Dillon MR, Bokulich NA, Abnet CC, Al-Ghalith GA, Alexander H, Alm EJ, Arumugam M, Asnicar F (2019) Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nat Biotechnol 37(8):852\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1549_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12076","volume":"76","author":"O Boughton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boughton O, Borgulya G, Cecconi M, Fredericks S, Moreton-Clack M, MacPhee IA (2013) A published pharmacogenetic algorithm was poorly predictive of tacrolimus clearance in an independent cohort of renal transplant recipients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 76(3):425\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.12076","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1549_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6436","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63475-w","volume":"10","author":"L Calder\u00f3n-P\u00e9rez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-P\u00e9rez L, Gosalbes MJ, Yuste S, Valls RM, Pedret A, Llaurad\u00f3 E, Jimenez-Hernandez N, Artacho A, Pla-Pag\u00e0 L, Companys J, Ludwig I, Romero M-P, Rubi\u00f3 L, Sol\u00e0 R (2020) Gut metagenomic and short chain fatty acids signature in hypertension: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 10(1):6436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-63475-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"1549_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2020.1803277","volume":"16","author":"AL Degraeve","year":"2020","unstructured":"Degraeve AL, Moudio S, Haufroid V, Chaib Eddour D, Mourad M, Bindels LB, Elens L (2020) Predictors of tacrolimus pharmacokinetic variability: current evidences and future perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 16(9):769\u2013782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17425255.2020.1803277","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1549_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01578-y","volume":"11","author":"AL Degraeve","year":"2023","unstructured":"Degraeve AL, Haufroid V, Loriot A, Gatto L, Andries V, Vereecke L, Elens L, Bindels LB (2023) Gut microbiome modulates tacrolimus pharmacokinetics through the transcriptional regulation of ABCB1. Microbiome 11(1):138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-023-01578-y","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"1549_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3077","volume":"115","author":"AL Degraeve","year":"2024","unstructured":"Degraeve AL, Bindels LB, Haufroid V, Moudio S, Boland L, Delongie KA, Dewulf JP, Eddour DC, Mourad M, Elens L (2024) Tacrolimus pharmacokinetics is associated with gut microbiota diversity in kidney transplant patients: results from a pilot cross-sectional study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 115(1):104\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt.3077","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1549_CR11","first-page":"502","volume-title":"Spearman rank correlation coefficient the concise encyclopedia of statistics","author":"Y Dodge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dodge Y (2008) Spearman rank correlation coefficient the concise encyclopedia of statistics. Springer, New York, pp 502\u2013505"},{"issue":"8","key":"1549_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16002","volume":"20","author":"HM Gonzales","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gonzales HM, McGillicuddy JW, Rohan V, Chandler JL, Nadig SN, Dubay DA, Taber DJ (2020) A comprehensive review of the impact of tacrolimus intrapatient variability on clinical outcomes in kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 20(8):1969\u20131983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajt.16002","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"1549_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.118.084772","volume":"47","author":"Y Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo Y, Crnkovic CM, Won KJ, Yang X, Lee JR, Orjala J, Lee H, Jeong H (2019) Commensal gut bacteria convert the immunosuppressant tacrolimus to less potent metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos 47(3):194\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/dmd.118.084772","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"1","key":"1549_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2021.02.010","volume":"34","author":"R Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta R, Woo K, Yi JA (2021) Epidemiology of end-stage kidney disease. Semin Vasc Surg 34(1):71\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2021.02.010","journal-title":"Semin Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1549_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.001","volume":"181","author":"B Javdan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Javdan B, Lopez JG, Chankhamjon P, Lee YJ, Hull R, Wu Q, Wang X, Chatterjee S, Donia MS (2020) Personalized mapping of drug metabolism by the human gut microbiome. Cell 181(7):1661-1679.e22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"1549_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233646","volume":"15","author":"DL Jennings","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jennings DL, Bohn B, Zuver A, Onat D, Gaine M, Royzman E, Hupf J, Brunjes D, Latif F, Restaino S, Garan AR, Topkara VK, Takayama H, Takeda K, Naka Y, Farr M, Nandakumar R, Uhlemann AC, Colombo PC, Demmer RT, Yuzefpolskaya M (2020) Gut microbial diversity, inflammation, and oxidative stress are associated with tacrolimus dosing requirements early after heart transplantation. PLoS ONE 15(5):e0233646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0233646","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1549_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2022.109042","volume":"107","author":"L Jourova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jourova L, Anzenbacherova E, Dostal Z, Anzenbacher P, Briolotti P, Rigal E, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Gerbal-Chaloin S (2022) Butyrate, a typical product of gut microbiome, affects function of the AhR gene, being a possible agent of crosstalk between gut microbiome, and hepatic drug metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 107:109042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2022.109042","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"issue":"10","key":"1549_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2013.807798","volume":"9","author":"MJ Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang MJ, Kim HG, Kim JS, Oh DG, Um YJ, Seo CS, Han JW, Cho HJ, Kim GH, Jeong TC, Jeong HG (2013) The effect of gut microbiota on drug metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 9(10):1295\u20131308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/17425255.2013.807798","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1549_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122399","volume":"10","author":"JR Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee JR, Muthukumar T, Dadhania D, Taur Y, Jenq RR, Toussaint NC, Ling L, Pamer E, Suthanthiran M (2015) Gut microbiota and tacrolimus dosing in kidney transplantation. PLoS ONE 10(3):e0122399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122399","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"1549_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00844.x","volume":"5","author":"W Lemahieu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lemahieu W, Maes B, Verbeke K, Rutgeerts P, Geboes K, Vanrenterghem Y (2005) Cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein activity and assimilation of tacrolimus in transplant patients with persistent diarrhea. Am J Transplant 5(6):1383\u20131391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00844.x","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"1549_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29589-7","volume":"13","author":"M Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li M, Wang S, Li Y, Zhao M, Kuang J, Liang D, Wang J, Wei M, Rajani C, Ma X, Tang Y, Ren Z, Chen T, Zhao A, Hu C, Shen C, Jia W, Liu P, Zheng X, Jia W (2022) Gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk contributes to the rebound weight gain after calorie restriction in mice. Nat Commun 13(1):2060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-29589-7","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"29","key":"1549_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128259239231009112019","volume":"29","author":"Z Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Z, Wang X, Li D, Cheng S, Dong Y, Yang H, Li X (2023) The impact of ABCB1 SNPs on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in liver or kidney transplant recipients: a meta-analysis. Curr Pharm des 29(29):2323\u20132335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113816128259239231009112019","journal-title":"Curr Pharm des"},{"key":"1549_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11092562","author":"A Manes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manes A, Di Renzo T, Dodani L, Reale A, Gautiero C, Di Lauro M, Nasti G, Manco F, Muscariello E, Guida B, Tarantino G, Cataldi M (2023) Pharmacomicrobiomics of classical immunosuppressant drugs: a systematic review. Biomedicines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11092562","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"1549_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuad039","author":"R Mart\u00edn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn R, Rios-Covian D, Huillet E, Auger S, Khazaal S, Berm\u00fadez-Humar\u00e1n LG, Sokol H, Chatel JM, Langella P (2023) Faecalibacterium: a bacterial genus with promising human health applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsre\/fuad039","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1549_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2013.11.040","volume":"46","author":"A Nakamura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakamura A, Amada N, Haga I, Tokodai K, Kashiwadate T (2014) Effects of elevated tacrolimus trough levels in association with infectious enteritis on graft function in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 46(2):592\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.transproceed.2013.11.040","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1549_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-023-03188-0","volume":"24","author":"TVA Nguyen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nguyen TVA, Nguyen HD, Nguyen TLH, Le VT, Nguyen XK, Tran VT, Le DT, Ta BT (2023) Higher tacrolimus trough levels and time in the therapeutic range are associated with the risk of acute rejection in the first month after renal transplantation. BMC Nephrol 24(1):131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-023-03188-0","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1549_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-022-02081-x","volume":"86","author":"A Pant","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pant A, Maiti TK, Mahajan D, Das B (2023) Human gut microbiota and drug metabolism. Microb Ecol 86(1):97\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00248-022-02081-x","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1549_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2481","volume":"41","author":"NA Pilch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pilch NA, Bowman LJ, Taber DJ (2021) Immunosuppression trends in solid organ transplantation: the future of individualization, monitoring, and management. Pharmacotherapy 41(1):119\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.2481","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"D1","key":"1549_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","volume":"41","author":"C Quast","year":"2012","unstructured":"Quast C, Pruesse E, Yilmaz P, Gerken J, Schweer T, Yarza P, Peplies J, Gl\u00f6ckner FO (2012) The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res 41(D1):D590\u2013D596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1549_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2004.00232.x","volume":"18","author":"K Sato","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sato K, Amada N, Sato T, Miura S, Ohashi Y, Sekiguchi S, Satomi S, Okazaki H (2004) Severe elevations of FK506 blood concentration due to diarrhea in renal transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 18(5):585\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2004.00232.x","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"1549_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000002864","volume":"126","author":"P Schober","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA (2018) Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation. Anesth Analg 126(5):1763\u20131768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ane.0000000000002864","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1549_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200219666180101104159","volume":"19","author":"K Schutte-Nutgen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schutte-Nutgen K, Tholking G, Suwelack B, Reuter S (2018) Tacrolimus: pharmacokinetic considerations for clinicians. Curr Drug Metab 19(4):342\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389200219666180101104159","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"1549_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050587","volume":"8","author":"K Sch\u00fctte-N\u00fctgen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctte-N\u00fctgen K, Th\u00f6lking G, Steinke J, Pavenst\u00e4dt H, Schmidt R, Suwelack B, Reuter S (2019) Fast Tac metabolizers at risk\u2014it is time for a C\/D ratio calculation. J Clin Med 8(5):587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8050587","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1549_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.53421","volume":"16","author":"MT Shenoy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shenoy MT, Manavalan J, A H, K S, Mohanty PK, (2024) Tacrolimus concentration\/dose ratio: a tool for guiding tacrolimus dosage post-renal transplantation. Cureus 16(2):e53421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.53421","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"1549_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2015.01.002","volume":"29","author":"N Shuker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shuker N, van Gelder T, Hesselink DA (2015) Intra-patient variability in tacrolimus exposure: causes, consequences for clinical management. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 29(2):78\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trre.2015.01.002","journal-title":"Transplant Rev (Orlando)"},{"key":"1549_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2023.07.001","volume":"33","author":"ST Stoler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stoler ST, Chan M, Chadban SJ (2023) Nutrition in the management of kidney transplant recipients. J Renal Nutr 33:S67\u2013S72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2023.07.001","journal-title":"J Renal Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1549_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1150-0","volume":"68","author":"P Stratta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stratta P, Quaglia M, Cena T, Antoniotti R, Fenoglio R, Menegotto A, Ferrante D, Genazzani A, Terrazzino S, Magnani C (2012) The interactions of age, sex, body mass index, genetics, and steroid weight-based doses on tacrolimus dosing requirement after adult kidney transplantation. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 68(5):671\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-011-1150-0","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1549_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111128","volume":"9","author":"G Th\u00f6lking","year":"2014","unstructured":"Th\u00f6lking G, Fortmann C, Koch R, Gerth HU, Pabst D, Pavenst\u00e4dt H, Kabar I, H\u00fcsing A, Wolters H, Reuter S, Suwelack B (2014) The tacrolimus metabolism rate influences renal function after kidney transplantation. PLoS ONE 9(10):e111128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0111128","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1549_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.12659\/aot.895898","volume":"21","author":"G Th\u00f6lking","year":"2016","unstructured":"Th\u00f6lking G, Siats L, Fortmann C, Koch R, H\u00fcsing A, Cicinnati VR, Gerth HU, Wolters HH, Anthoni C, Pavenst\u00e4dt H, Suwelack B, Schmidt HH, Kabar I (2016) Tacrolimus concentration\/dose ratio is associated with renal function after liver transplantation. Ann Transplant 21:167\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/aot.895898","journal-title":"Ann Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"1549_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/00498250802651984","volume":"39","author":"T Toda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Toda T, Saito N, Ikarashi N, Ito K, Yamamoto M, Ishige A, Watanabe K, Sugiyama K (2009) Intestinal flora induces the expression of Cyp3a in the mouse liver. Xenobiotica 39(4):323\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00498250802651984","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"issue":"1","key":"1549_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001492","volume":"101","author":"J Tourret","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tourret J, Willing BP, Dion S, MacPherson J, Denamur E, Finlay BB (2017) Immunosuppressive treatment alters secretion of ileal antimicrobial peptides and gut microbiota, and favors subsequent colonization by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Transplantation 101(1):74\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000001492","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"8","key":"1549_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320204","volume":"69","author":"RK Weersma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weersma RK, Zhernakova A, Fu J (2020) Interaction between drugs and the gut microbiome. Gut 69(8):1510\u20131519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320204","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1549_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.08.002","volume":"179","author":"ID Wilson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilson ID, Nicholson JK (2017) Gut microbiome interactions with drug metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity. Transl Res 179:204\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.08.002","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1549_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.122.001173","volume":"51","author":"H Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang H, Zhang Y, Zhou R, Wu T, Zhu P, Liu Y, Zhou J, Xiong Y, Xiong Y, Zhou H, Zhang W, Shu Y, Li X, Li Q (2023) Antibiotics-induced depletion of rat microbiota induces changes in the expression of host drug-processing genes and pharmacokinetic behaviors of CYPs probe drugs. Drug Metab Dispos 51(4):509\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/dmd.122.001173","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"1549_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169500","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1169500","volume":"13","author":"J Ye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ye J, Yao J, He F, Sun J, Zhao Z, Wang Y (2023) Regulation of gut microbiota: a novel pretreatment for complications in patients who have undergone kidney transplantation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 13:1169500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1169500","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"D1","key":"1549_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D643","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1209","volume":"42","author":"P Yilmaz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Gl\u00f6ckner FO (2014) The SILVA and \u201call-species living tree project (LTP)\u201d taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Res 42(D1):D643\u2013D648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkt1209","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1549_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12523","volume":"42","author":"HJ Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang HJ, Li DY, Zhu HJ, Fang Y, Liu TS (2017) Tacrolimus population pharmacokinetics according to CYP3A5 genotype and clinical factors in Chinese adult kidney transplant recipients. J Clin Pharm Ther 42(4):425\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpt.12523","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"1549_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14661","volume":"18","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Liu L, Tang H, Jiao W, Zeng S, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Sun Z, Mukherjee A, Zhang X, Hu X (2018) Immunosuppressive effect of the gut microbiome altered by high-dose tacrolimus in mice. Am J Transplant 18(7):1646\u20131656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajt.14661","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"7","key":"1549_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.09.013","volume":"11","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, Han Y, Huang W, Jin M, Gao Z (2021) The influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of oral drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 11(7):1789\u20131812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.09.013","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"issue":"1","key":"1549_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01619-w","volume":"8","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Chen Y, Huang W, Zhou H, Zhang W (2023) Drug-microbiota interactions: an emerging priority for precision medicine. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8(1):386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01619-w","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"1549_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/txd.0000000000000930","volume":"5","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Masand A, Wagner M, Kapur S, Dadhania D, Lubetzky M, Lee JR (2019) Identification of antibiotic administration as a potentially novel factor associated with tacrolimus trough variability in kidney transplant recipients: a preliminary study. Transplant Direct 5(9):e485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/txd.0000000000000930","journal-title":"Transplant Direct"},{"issue":"5","key":"1549_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v10.i5.84","volume":"10","author":"LB Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu LB, Zhang YC, Huang HH, Lin J (2021) Prospects for clinical applications of butyrate-producing bacteria. World J Clin Pediatr 10(5):84\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5409\/wjcp.v10.i5.84","journal-title":"World J Clin Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Archives of Pharmacal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12272-025-01549-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12272-025-01549-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12272-025-01549-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T09:10:56Z","timestamp":1752138656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12272-025-01549-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12272-025-01549-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0253-6269","1976-3786"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0253-6269","type":"print"},{"value":"1976-3786","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}